江西稀土矿区环境稀土含量调查

目的：了解低稀土环境对健康的影响。方法：分别采集稀土矿区和非矿区附近地区有代表性的水、土壤和蔬菜样品，用电感藉合等离子体质谱仪（ICP－MS）测定镧等15种稀土元素的含量。结果：稀土矿区附近农村井水的总稀土含量为9．18ug/L，土壤为869．73ug/g，蔬菜为6370．35ng/g（干重），非矿区环境的稀土含量均低于矿区。结论：居住在稀土矿区的人群，通过饮水及食物可能对健康产生影响。     

URM-菌肥有效性试验研究

选择了3株分别具有固氮，溶磷和解钾功能的产芽孢菌，利用垃圾堆肥吸附制取菌肥，并进行了盆栽试验，无论是单一菌肥还是复合菌肥，都对提高土壤中全氮，有效磷，速效钾的含量有显著的影响，菌肥的保存期均能达到国家标准的要求，有效性明显。     

上海市郊人群土源性线虫感染与蔬菜、土壤虫卵污染情况调查

[目的 ]　了解上海市郊土源性线虫虫卵污染蔬菜、土壤的情况及其与人群感染的关系。　 [方法 ]　以上海市郊 10个区县的肠道蠕虫病监测点为调查点。每个点收集约 5 0 0名居民粪样 ,应用Kato -Katz法进行寄生虫学检查 ;并随机抽取 10户承包田种植的蔬菜 10种、土壤 10处 ,用饱和硝酸钠溶液漂浮法镜检虫卵。　 [结果 ]　 10个点共粪检6 70 2人 ,蛔、鞭、钩虫的感染率依次为 3.6 3%、2 .33%和 0 .2 2 %。 10 0户种植的 30种 776份蔬菜样本中 ,蛔、鞭、钩虫虫卵的检出率依次为 2 .96 %、0 .39%和 0 % ,以根菜、叶菜为主。 833份菜田土样中 ,虫卵检出率为 2 .76 % ,除 2份外均为蛔虫卵 ;瓜田、住宅周围等土壤中未发现虫卵。　 [结论 ]　上海市郊种植的蔬菜和菜地土壤受到土源性线虫虫卵污染 ,污染率已低于 4% ,主要为蛔虫卵 ;人群感染率与当地蔬菜、土壤虫卵污染无明显相关。     

土样自然风干时间对放线菌分离的影响

目的:研究最有利于土壤放线菌分离的自然风干时间。方法:通过对海南的土壤样品自然放置1、7、15、21、30d的土样分别进行分离,并对其细菌、真菌、放线菌菌落数进行统计。结果:放置7d的土样,细菌和真菌菌落数下降明显,且放线菌种类齐全;放置21d的土样放线菌挑取基本不受细菌和真菌菌落的影响,且放线菌单菌落突出,其种类减少不明显。结论:故土样放置7d和21d适合放线菌的分离。     

河南大学新校区土壤蛔虫卵、鞭虫卵污染情况的调查

目的了解河南大学新校区土壤中蛔虫卵及鞭虫卵污染情况及影响因素,为制订防治对策提供科学依据,为校园绿化工作提供相关评价依据。方法在校园中的药生植物园、湖边、荒地、草丛等地区采取土壤标本进行蛔虫卵和鞭虫卵的检测。结果土壤蛔虫卵、鞭虫卵的阳性率分别是18.8%和20%;其中药生植物园两种虫卵阳性率均高达35%。结论加强高校新校区土壤的无害化处理,加强校园绿化管理,防止土源性线虫感染人群是一项重要而艰巨的任务。     

Bacterial weathering and its contribution to nutrient cycling in temperate forest ecosystems

Unlike farmland, forests growing on acidic soils are among the terrestrial ecosystems that are the least influenced or amended by man. Forests which developed on acidic soils are characterized by an important stock of inorganic nutrients entrapped in poorly weatherable soil minerals. In this context, the mineral-weathering process is of great importance, since such minerals are not easily accessible to tree roots. To date, several bacterial genera have been noted for their ability to weather minerals and, in the case of some of them, to improve tree nutrition. Nevertheless, few studies have focused their analyses on mineral-weathering bacterial communities in relation to geochemical cycles and soil characteristics, their ecological origin, associated tree species and forest management practices. Here we discuss the heterogeneity of the mineral-weathering process in forest soils and present what is known concerning the taxonomic and functional characteristics of mineral-weathering bacteria, as well as the different locations where they have been isolated in forest soils. We also discuss the biotic and abiotic factors that may influence the distribution of these bacteria, such as the effect of tree species or forest management practices.     

内蒙古西部地区土壤中水溶性硒含量分布研究

目的：研究内蒙古西部地区土壤中水溶性硒含量分布,为富硒作物种植地区的选择提供科学依据。方法：采集579份耕地土壤样品,用流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定其中的水溶性硒含量。结果：巴彦淖尔、包头、鄂尔多斯、乌海4个地区地下水灌溉的土壤中水溶性硒含量差异有统计学意义,其中巴彦淖尔、包头地区地下水灌溉的土壤中水溶性硒含量均高于鄂尔多斯;巴彦淖尔、包头地下水与黄河水灌溉的土壤中水溶性硒含量差异均有统计学意义,均为地下水灌溉的土壤中水溶性硒含量值较高;巴彦淖尔和包头两地黄河水灌溉的土壤中水溶性硒含量差异无统计学意义。结论：在被调查的四个地区中,巴彦淖尔和包头地区地下水灌溉的土壤中水溶性硒含量最高,可考虑作为富硒作物的种植地区。     

Zinc,Cadmium and Lead Accumulation and Characteristics of Rhizosphere Microbial Population Associated with Hyperaccumulator <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sedum Alfredii</Emphasis> Hance Under Natural Conditions

A field survey was conducted to study the characteristics of zinc, cadmium, and lead accumulation and rhizosphere microbial population associated with hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance growing natively on an old lead/zinc mining site. We found significant hyperaccumulation of zinc and cadmium in field samples of S. alfredii, with maximal shoot concentrations of 9.10–19.61 g kg⁻¹ zinc and 0.12–1.23 g kg⁻¹ cadmium, shoot/root ratios ranging from 1.75 to 3.19 (average 2.54) for zinc, 3.36 to 4.43 (average 3.85) for cadmium, shoot bioaccumulation factors of zinc and cadmium being 1.46–4.84 and 7.35–17.41, respectively. While most of lead was retained in roots, thus indicating exclusion as a tolerance strategy for lead. Compared to the non-rhizosphere soil, organic matter and total nitrogen and phosphorus content, CEC and water extractable zinc, cadmium, and lead concentration were significantly higher, but pH was smaller in rhizosphere soil. The rhizosphere soil of S. alfredii harbored a wide variety of microorganism. In general, significantly higher numbers of culturable bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi were found in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil, confirming the stimulatory effect of the S. alfredii rhizosphere on microbial growth and proliferation. Analyses of BIOLOG data also showed that the growth of S. alfredii resulted in observable changes in BIOLOG metabolic profiles, utilization ability of different carbon substrates of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil were also higher than the non-rhizosphere, confirming a functional effect of the rhizosphere of S. alfredii on bacterial population.     

Composition,Distribution, and Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil in Linfen,China

A total of 10 surface soil samples representing the entire area of Linfen City were collected and analyzed for the presence of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration ranged from 1.1 to 63.7 μg g⁻¹. Analysis of the sources of contamination revealed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil were derived from combustion sources. Specifically, the primary source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was coal combustion, but the samples were also effected to varying degrees by traffic emissions. Furthermore, increased levels of contamination were observed in northeast Linfen due to the distribution of industrial plants.