Musculoskeletal injury survivors’ resiliency: A systematic review

BackgroundMusculoskeletal traumas are on the rise in the United States; however, limited studies are available to help trauma providers assess and treat concerns beyond the physical impact. Little is understood about the psychological, social, and spiritual factors that protect patients from adverse effects after a physical trauma or their experiences with each factor afterward.ObjectiveThis systematic review was conducted to investigate and review advancements in research related to risk and resiliency factors experienced by survivors of traumatic musculoskeletal injuries. The use of biopsychosocial-spiritual (BPS–S) framework and resiliency theory guided the analysis.MethodsResearchers reviewed 1003 articles, but only seven met the search criteria. Due to the complexity and uniqueness of traumatic brain injuries, studies on that target population were excluded.ResultsOf the seven articles reviewed, three identified psychological protective factors that protect against negative health outcomes; three identified negative psychological, social, or spiritual outcomes; and none investigated social or spiritual health.ConclusionsThere are significant gaps in the literature surrounding risk and resiliency factors related to the BPS-S health of musculoskeletal injury survivors.     

The Protective Roles of Exercise and Maintenance of Daily Living Routines for Chinese Adolescents During the COVID-19 Quarantine Period

PurposeAdolescents are particularly vulnerable during the COVID-19 quarantine periods and may be at risk for developing psychological distress symptoms that extend beyond a crisis, including depression. This study examined adolescents’ postquarantine depressive symptoms associated with pandemic stressors. The primary aim was to identify potential protective factors that may buffer the association between the presence of COVID-19 cases in adolescents’ communities and their postquarantine depressive symptoms.MethodsAdolescents from public schools were recruited from Zhengzhou city, Henan, China (N = 1,487, M_age=13.14 years, 50% girls). Adolescents reported the presence of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases in their communities, their daily activities and routines during the 2-month quarantine period, and depressive symptoms after the quarantine period.ResultsThe presence of cases in adolescents’ communities during the quarantine contributed to more depressive symptoms in adolescents after the quarantine. This association was buffered by adolescents’ spending more time on physical activities and better maintenance of daily living routines during the quarantine period. The presence of community infection was also more strongly associated with depressive symptoms in older adolescents.ConclusionsThe presence of COVID-19 cases in communities contributed to adolescents’ poorer mental health, and the association was stronger for older adolescents. Spending time on physical activities and maintaining daily living routines during the quarantine appear to be practical strategies that can be used by adolescents to mitigate the association between pandemic stressors and their diminishing mental health.     

黄连素对灌流心脏发生心衰的保护作用

目的　探讨黄连素对心脏衰竭的发生有无保护作用。方法　采用 L angendorff法灌流离体心脏 ,用维那帕米造成急性心衰 ;比较用黄连素和不用黄连素的心脏心衰程度的差异。结果　用黄连素 (10 - 6 mol/ L)灌流心脏后再用维那帕米致衰 ,此时心衰发生的程度明显轻于未用黄连素组 (P<0 .0 0 1)。结论　黄连素对心力衰竭的发生具有保护作用     

核电站事故的公众防护行动

随着核能发展不断推进,居住在核电站周围的公众数量越来越多,但是他们普遍缺乏对核辐射的基础知识,对核事故的防护行动也知之甚少。而及时、正确的防护行动可以将核电站事故对公众的健康危害降到最低。本文介绍了核电站事故后,公众的防护行动：隐蔽、体表污染去污、撤离、服用稳定性碘、食品和饮用水控制、个人防护措施、宠物照料、心理援助等,以指导公众在事故后开展正确的自救与互救,提高公众对核电站事故的应急响应能力。     

一种肌电控制假手的新型自适应增力机构

介绍一种用于肌电控制假手的新型自适应切换增力机构。对比现在国内外的各种假手增力机构，它不用超越离合器，因而更为简单、可靠、耐用。它不仅为广大的上肢残疾患者带来福音，也是康复器械上的一大革新     

口矫器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的机制及疗效预测

目的观察一种下颌前移性口矫器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的疗效并探讨其治疗原理,探讨应用颌面结构分析法来预测口矫器的疗效。　方法70例经多导睡眠仪(PSG)检查确诊的OSA患者,男性63例,女性7例,平均年龄(50.5±11.6)岁,呼吸暂停指数(AI)(34.9±21.3)次/h,夜间最低血氧饱和度(66.3±16.5)%。经口腔科会诊后制作口矫器,治疗3个月后复查PSG检查。每例患者治疗前均在带及不带口矫器两种状态下摄头颅侧位片作颌面结构分析。　结果治疗后AI由(34.9±21.3)次/h减至(15.6±19.2)次/h(P<0.000 1),夜间最低血氧饱和度由(66.3±16.6)%升至(74.1±15.5)%(P<0.001)。共有45例患者AI减少≥50%。反应良好组患者缩颌较明显,前上面部长度较长,置入口矫器后下颌显著前突、上气道径增宽、长度缩短、上气道面积增大。　结论口矫器对部分OSA患者具有确切疗效,其治疗作用可能主要与改善睡眠期上气道周围结构关系,保持气道通畅有关。     

乙型肝炎病毒基因重组（CHO）疫苗阻断母婴传播的研究

目的：研究乙型肝炎病毒基因重组(CHO)疫茵对HBsAg和HBeAg双阳性母亲所生婴儿的阻断效果。方法：选70例生于母亲为HBsAg和HBsAg双阳性的婴儿,随机分为A组(31例)和B组(39例),A组为单纯疫苗组,注射3次疫苗(0、1、6月,10μg／次);B组为疫苗加乙肝免疫球蛋自(HBIG)组,注射3次疫苗(同A组),并于出生时注射半支(50IU)HBIG。全程2～6个月采血,用固相放射免疫(RIA)法检测抗-HBs、HBsAg和抗-HBc。结果：抗抗-HBs阳转率为83．87％,阻断率为83．87％,疫苗加半量乙肝免疫球蛋白(50IU)组分别为93．10％和93．59％。结论：乙肝基因重组(CHO)疫苗有良好的阻断乙肝母婴传播的效果,如果出生时加注半支HBIG效果更好。     

育龄期妇女不同剂次破伤风类毒素免疫的效果观察

为观察不同剂次破伤风类毒素（ＴＴ）的免疫效果,对我省郑州市金水区、密县、辉县和三门峡市８５８名育龄期妇女分别进行１．２、３剂次免疫。结果显示,经１、２、３剂次ＴＴ免疫后,抗毒素均可达到较高水平,分别为０．２５ＩＵ／ｍｌ、１．００３ＩＵ／ｍｌ、１．０９３ＩＵ／ｍｌ,保护率分别达到８４１％、９６．５％、９１１％．     

国人牙直丝托槽定位值的测量研究

为建立适合国人牙直丝托槽定位值,选择符合Ａｎｄｒｅｗ ｓ 正常牙合成年人６０ 例,男女各３０ 例,１８～２１ 岁,平均１９．２ 岁,均具有协调的面部比例,未接受正畸治疗。弓丝平面定义为大多数牙临床牙冠中点所在的平面,用游标卡尺测量每一牙齿切缘（或牙合缘）,至弓丝平面的距离,为直丝托槽应就位的位置。结果显示,托槽并非全部位于每个牙的临床牙冠中点,在上颌双尖牙区,托槽位于临床牙冠中点龈方０．５ｍ ｍ 处,第二磨牙托槽位于临床牙冠中点偏牙合方０．５ｍ ｍ ～１．０ｍ ｍ 处,在下颌尖牙及第一、二磨牙处,托槽位于临床牙冠中点偏牙合方０．５ｍ ｍ 处。表明本研究建立的托槽定位值适合于国人,且可明显提高直丝托槽垂直置入精确度     

肾综合征出血热疫苗效果免疫(感染)增强和免疫策略研究

目的:研究肾综合征出血热疫苗效果免疫(感染)增强和免疫策略。方法:在疫苗试区设立对照组和接种组,观察期为1995年8月至1998年12月,全程接种3针,1年后加强1针。结果:全程接种了10178人,对照人群全程观察16159人,当年发病减少数为33例,4年平均保护率达93.89％。人群接种后局部和全身反应较明显。全程接种后2周荧光(IFA)抗体和中和抗体阳转率分别为100％和44.44％,一年后分别下降到28.57％和14.80％;加强后2周IFA抗体和中和抗体阳转率分别反弹至83.33％和55.56％,其抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)也随之下降和回升。结论:疫苗是安全有效的,有较好的血清学效果和流行病学效果,有免疫增强反应,但未发现感染增强反应。此外,加强免疫很有必要。