Cloning and expression of SLC1OA4,a putative organic anion transport protein

AIM:To determine if novel bile acid transporters may be expressed in human tissues.METHODS:SLC10A1 (NTCP) was used as a probe to search the NCBI database for homology to previously uncharacterized ESTs. The homology search identified an EST (termed SLC10A4) that shares sequence identity with SLC10A1 and SLC10A2 (ASBT). We performed Northern blot analysis and RT-PCR to determine the tissue distribution of SLC10A4. SLC10A4 was cloned in frame with an epitope tag and overexpressed in CHO cells to determine cellular localization and functional analysis of bile acid uptake.RESULTS:Northern analysis revealed that SLC 10A4 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed fn human tissues with the highest levels of mRNA expression in brain,placenta, and liver. In SLC10A4-transfected CHO cells,immunoblotting analysis and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated a 49-kDa protein that is expressed at the plasma membrane and intracellular compartments.Functional analysis of SLC10A4 showed no significant taurocholate uptake in the presence of sodium when compared to untransfected CHO cells.CONCLUSION:To date, we have shown that this protein has no capacity to transport taurocholate relative to SLC1041; however, given its ubiquitous tissue distribution, it may play a more active role in transporting other endogenous organic anions.     

成分输血在临床中的应用

成分输血是现代输血学的重要标志之一。临床医生要了解成分输血的知识,遵循科学用血、合理用血、节约用血的原则,根据病情有针对性地开展成分输血。成分输血的重点,应当是血液的有形成分,即以红细胞和血小板为主的成分输血。本文就成分输血的特点与临床应用等有关问题进行综述。     

Distribution kinetics of FK-506, a novel immunosuppressant, after intravenous administration to rats in comparison with cyclosporin A.

The distribution kinetics of a novel potent immunosuppressant, FK-506 (FK) has been studied in comparison with cyclosporin A (CyA) both in vivo and in vitro using blood specimens. The infusion studies on FK, 5.0 mg kg-1 through the portal and femoral veins showed that the mean hepatic extraction ratio of FK was 27.9 per cent. The effect of clamping both the hepatic artery and the portal vein on the plasma disappearance profiles of FK, 5.0 mg kg-1, and CyA, 3.5 mg kg-1 was studied. The plasma disposition kinetics of CyA was almost the same as in the normal rats. However, the plasma FK levels were about 10 times higher than those obtained in the control group rats. This difference is attributed to the restricted initial distribution of FK to the liver, because the volume of the initial distribution space, V1, of FK was about 10 times smaller than that obtained in normal rats. In in vitro experiments, drug distribution was studied in blood samples (2.0 ml) spiked with FK or CyA, 1.0 micrograms ml-1. The plasma drug levels measured at 2 min after drug administration were 0.842 +/- 0.012 micrograms ml-1 and 0.769 +/- 0.047 micrograms ml-1 for FK and CyA, respectively. The distribution volume in the blood compartment, VB, was determined by dividing the spiked amount of drugs with these plasma concentrations. The VB was 2.38 +/- 0.04 ml for FK and 2.62 +/- 0.16 ml for CyA. There was no significant difference in VB between FK and CyA. The plasma free fraction, fp of the drugs was measured by the equilibrium dialysis method. For FK, the mean fp values (+/- SE) were 1.31 +/- 0.18 per cent (2.0 micrograms ml-1) and 1.93 +/- 0.18 per cent (5.0 micrograms ml-1). For CyA, the fp values were 4.85 +/- 0.36 per cent (1.0 micrograms ml-1) and 5.75 +/- 0.82 per cent (5.0 micrograms ml-1). The hydrophobicity parameter, logP' determined through the HPLC method was 0.386 for FK and 0.545 for CyA. Although FK was less hydrophobic than CyA, its protein binding was higher than CyA.     

健康儿童血浆游离氨基酸与体格生长的研究

本文采用丹酰氯聚酰胺薄层分析法研究了65名3～7岁健康儿童的血浆游离氨基酸,研究其与体格生长的关系.结果表明:赖氨酸,甘氨酸,羟脯氨酸,与年龄别身高、体重和身高别体重百分位成正相关.并有显著意义.异亮氨酸.赖氨酸.甘氨酸在营养优组中显著高于差组.提示血浆游离氨基酸对健康学龄前儿童的体格生长发挥重要的生理作用.     

多器官功能衰竭患儿血糖血乳酸血渗透压的改变

对５０例ＭＯＦ患儿血糖血乳酸血渗透压进行了检测，并与３５名健康儿童进行比较。结果显示危重患儿血糖血乳酸明显高于对照组，血糖血乳酸呈正相关，提示高血糖是危重患儿应激状态下的主要代谢改变。当患儿血糖＞１５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ血乳酸）５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，其死亡率明显增加，因此血糖血乳酸的变化可作为ＰＩＣＵ的常规监测指标。     

瘦素、胆囊收缩素、血脂与胆石类型关系探讨

目的探讨瘦素（leptin）、缩胆囊肽（CCK）、血脂、胆固醇与Gs和HS两类胆石病关系。方法比较检测339例胆囊结石（Gs），67例肝胆管结石（HS）病员，20例正常对照者血清leptin、CCK、胰岛素、肝功能、血脂、脂蛋白等，评价各检测指标间关系。结果GS组leptin、CCK、BMI、胆固醇、甘油三酯、白蛋白、GGT、APO-a显著高于HS组（P〈0．05）；GS组内leptin与CCK、BMI、胰岛素、转氨酶、胆红素、胆固醇呈正相关（P〈0．05）；HS组内leptin与CCK、BMI、胰岛素、转氨酶、胆红素呈正相关（P〈0．01），与白蛋白、APO-a呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论Leptin参与调控脂质代谢，两类胆石Leptin、血脂等存在明显差别，从调控脂质代谢角度探讨Leptin在两类胆石中的作用可能对阐明胆石成因具有价值。     

血浆置换治疗97例重型肝炎并发症的防治

目的探讨血浆置换治疗重型肝炎时并发症的发生原因及防治措施。方法回顾血浆置换治疗97例重型肝炎时出现的并发症的有关资料，分析各种并发症发生的原因。结果26．6次治疗中共出现并发症131次，发生率达49.3％。按发生率高低依次为皮疹、麻木和（或）搐搦、血压下降、胸闷、失衡综合征、置管处渗血、体外循环凝血及置管处渗液。结论血浆置换治疗重型肝炎时并发症的发生率高，但经处理均能缓解，可以在严密监护下实施。     

胸骨浆细胞肉芽肿1例报告

浆细胞肉芽肿临床较少见,常发生于肺、眼眶及消化道等部位,发生于骨则罕见。大部分骨的浆细胞肉芽肿发生于颞骨,发生于胸骨者尚少见报道。现将我院胸骨浆细胞肉芽肿1例报告如下。     

人红细胞胆固醇含量的增龄变化

用胆固醇酶联试剂显色法检测１８９例健康成人红细胞胆固醇和血浆胆固醇含量，结果表明，健康成人的Ｅ－Ｃｈ含量随增龄而升高，并呈直线相关；Ｐ－Ｃｈ含量也随增龄而升高，并呈直线相关；Ｅ－Ｃｈ含量呈直线正样关。提示Ｅ－Ｃｈ含量检测可作为反映机体衰老程度的一项客观指标。     

Vascular Access for Therapeutic Plasma Exchange

Abstract: Adequate venous access is an essential component of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPEX). The simplest kind of venous access is venipuncture of antecubital veins, but this technique may be limited by venous size or scarring following the procedure, requiring the placement of a specialized vascular access device (VAD). VADs provide reliable central venous access and may remain in place for several weeks or months, depending on the VAD and the venous site chosen. Their use, however, is potentially limited by the risk of complications. We discuss indications for insertion, choice of catheter and access site, and complications of VAD placement for TPEX.