麻风病患者外周血相关免疫功能测定的临床意义

目的探讨麻风病患者外周血相关免疫分子的变化和临床意义。方法应用流式细胞分析仪，以荧光标记的鼠抗人单克隆抗体对16例麻风病患者外周血淋巴细胞CD3／CD4／CD8、CD3／CD(16 56)(NK)和CD3／HLA-DR进行测定。结果16例患者发病初期外周血淋巴细胞亚群中CD3^ ／CD4^ 、CD3^ ／HLA-DR^-检测值和CD4／CD8比值均分别低于健康组相应参数的下限，CD3^ ／CD(16 56)^ 和CD3^ ／HLA-DR^ 检测值分别高于健康组相应参数的上限、NK的检测值在正常范围内。13例患者治疗病情稳定后2-4周，CD3^ ／CD4^ 、CD3^ ／HLA-DR^-的检测值和CD4／CD8比值均逐步增高，CD3^ ／CD(16 56)^ 、CD3^ ／CD8^ 和CD3^ ／HLA-DR^ 稍有增高或变化不明显，NK的检测值稍有增高；3例患者病情波动时CD3^ ／CD4^ 、CD3^ ／HLA-DR^-检测值和CD4／CD8比值较稳定期明显下降，而活化T淋巴细胞CD3^ ／CD(16 56)^ 、CD3^ ／HLA-DR^ 和NK细胞的检测值较稳定期明显增高2倍以上。结论通过外周血相关免疫分子的动态观察，有助于检测病情变化，时及时治疗和评价疗效有重要意义。     

注射供者的肝匀浆提取液延长大鼠异位心脏移植存活时间

目的探讨注射供者的肝匀浆提取液对大鼠淋巴细胞功能及大鼠异位移植心的影响。方法以Wistar大鼠为供者,SD大鼠为受者。制作Wistar大鼠的肝匀浆提取液；建立大鼠同种异体异位心脏移植模型。(1)经受者阴茎静脉注射肝匀浆提取液0．3 ml,14d后取供、受者的血液,用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法分别测定受者对同一供者和无关供者的单向混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)。(2)心脏移植术前2h经受者阴茎静脉注射肝匀浆提取液0．3 ml。心脏移植术后分别观察受者注射同一供者和无关供者的肝匀浆提取液后移植心脏的存活时间；心脏停跳后取移植心做病理检查及免疫组织化学检测。结果受者对同一供者和无关供者的单向MLR比较,前者明显减轻,吸光度A值分别为：0．434±0．034和0．522±0．015,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0．01)。心脏移植术前,受者接受同一供者和无关供者的肝匀浆提取液后,前者移植心脏存活时间延长,分别为(38．05±17．07)d和(9．86±2．67)d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0．01)；且前者心肌出血、坏死程度更轻,心肌组织内IgM和IgG沉积更少。结论注射同一供者的肝匀浆提取液能特异性抑制相应个体抗原引起的淋巴细胞增殖反应,减轻大鼠移植心脏的排斥反应,明显延长其存活时间。     

脂肪干细胞免疫学性状的初步实验观察

目的初步研究脂肪干细胞(Adiposederivedstemcells,ADSC)表面免疫分子的表达以及体外免疫调节功能,以期为组织工程提供同种异体种子细胞来源。方法体外培养人脂肪抽吸术中获取的脂肪干细胞,体外培养至第二代,流式细胞仪检测免疫分子HLA、HLA、B7-1、B7-2、CD40的表达。1×105个/孔ADSC细胞分别刺激单一异体淋巴细胞或混合双向淋巴细胞反应,观察淋巴细胞增殖情况。同时观察ADSC经IFN-γ作用后,免疫分子表达与淋巴细胞增殖的调节情况。结果ADSC表达HLA类分子,但未检测到HLA类分子阳性表达。B7-1(CD80)、B7-2(CD86)、CD28、CD40未见明显阳性表达。人IFN-γ刺激48h后,HLA类分子表达明显增高,HLAI表达未见明显增高。异体或经IFN-γ作用的ADSC均未能刺激异体淋巴细胞增殖。同样数量的ADSC可明显抑制双相混合淋巴细胞增殖,经IFN-γ作用后抑制作用未见明显减弱。结论ADSC具有一定的体外调节淋巴细胞反应的能力,有可能成为组织工程同种异体细胞来源。     

Selective localisation of neuro-specific T lymphocytes in the central nervous system

Using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the rat as a model of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, activated and quiescent T lymphocytes with different antigen specificities were labelled with the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 and tested by fluorescence microscopy for their ability to accumulate in different regions of the spinal cord and in other organs at varying times post inoculation. With this highly sensitive assay it was found that activated myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cell lines accumulated in the spinal cord (a 1000-fold increase in the lumbar/sacral region by day 4) and caused clinical signs of EAE. In contrast, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-maintained (quiescent) MBP-specific T cell lines failed to accumulate in the CNS and cause disease. Activated ovalbumin (OA)-specific and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD)-specific T cell lines were also found at significantly higher levels in the spinal cord than non-activated cells although they failed to accumulate to a substantial degree when injected alone. When injected with activated MBP-specific T cells the activated OA- and PPD-specific cell lines accumulated in the spinal cord following initial accumulation of the MBP-specific cells, demonstrating that during the inflammatory process there is considerable non-specific recruitment of cells into the inflammatory site. CNS accumulation of activated MBP-specific T cell lines occurred 1-2 days later in irradiated animals than in non-irradiated recipients. This was consistent with irradiated animals also exhibiting a later onset of disease and suggests that irradiation may directly affect the endothelium in a way that makes it less adhesive. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that activated lymphocytes of any specificity enter the spinal cord, and that the neuro-antigen specific cells accumulate there and lead to the recruitment of other cells. Non-activated cells, even those with neural antigen specificity fail to enter the cord. Understanding the nature of what an 'activated' lymphocyte is may allow us to design strategies to inhibit such immune-mediated inflammation.     

A VIP antagonist distinguishes VIP receptors on spinal cord cells and lymphocytes

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide which also interacts with cells of the immune system. The paucity of specific VIP receptor antagonists has hampered studies of possible receptor heterogeneity and of VIP function. To aid in achieving these goals, a new VIP antagonist, a hybrid between neurotensin and VIP, has been synthesized. This peptide interacted with VIP receptors on spinal cord cells with an affinity 10-fold greater than VIP itself. In contrast, 1000-fold higher concentrations of the antagonist were required to displace labeled VIP from its receptor on lymphoid cells as compared to VIP itself, suggesting VIP receptor heterogeneity between immune and spinal cord cells.     

老年人免疫功能异常变化的临床观察及其评价(Ⅰ)

老年人生理适应与防卫能力进行性下降,对有害因子易伤性增加,导致多种老年病的发生。因此,免疫系统功能与衰老的关系问题,已是现代老年病学和免疫学进行多方深入研究的重要内容。我们近两年多来对老年人免疫功能变化做了临床观察检测与统计分析。现报告如下。 1.临床资料     

雷公藤挥发油对小鼠免疫功能的影响

观察雷公藤挥发油对小鼠免疫功能的影响,发现给药1周后,其可减少脾脏有核细胞数,减少 PFC 和 RFC 数目,抑制脾细胞对 ConA 诱导 T 细胞增殖的反应性,减轻DTH。这说明雷公藤挥发油对小鼠体液免疫和细胞免疫均有明显的抑制作用。     

Effect of Postnatal Ethanol Exposure on Expression of Differentiation Antigens of Murine Splenic Lymphocytes

Ethanol is a recognized immunosuppressive agent in the chronic alcoholic. However, the effects of ethanol exposure on the developing immune system have not been extensively investigated. This study evaluated the effects of early postnatal ethanol exposure, via breast milk, on splenic lymphocyte differentiation antigen expression in offspring reared by ethanol-fed mice. Maternal mice were fed a liquid diet containing 20% ethanol-derived calories during pregnancy (E-P), pregnancy and lactation (E-PL), or lactation (E-L). Ad libitumfed (C) and pair-fed (PF) control groups, fed a control liquid diet, were included. Expression of differentiation antigens on splenic lymphocytes from 21-day-old offspring reared by females in 1 of the 3 ethanol exposure conditions was evaluated by flow cytometry. Offspring reared by E-P females had similar numbers of splenic lymphocytes as offspring reared by C and pair-fed during pregnancy (PF-P) females. In contrast, offspring reared by E-PL and E-L females had fewer splenic lymphocytes than both PF-PL and PF-L (respectively), and C offspring. The number of Thy 1.2⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and IgG⁺ (B-cell) splenic lymphocytes was reduced in E-PL and E-L offspring compared with PF and C offspring. E-P offspring had fewer CD4⁺ and IgG⁺ splenic lymphocytes than C, but not PF-P, offspring. The percentage of Thy 1.2⁺ splenic lymphocytes was significantly reduced among E-PL and E-L offspring compared with PF-PL and PF-L (respectively), and C offspring. These results suggest that ethanol exposure of female mice during pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation, or lactation alone, alters the phenotypic development of splenic lymphocytes of offspring reared by these females. The greatest effect on differentiation antigen expression occurred when females consumed ethanol during the period of lactation. We speculate that direct exposure of the nursing offspring to ethanol via the breast milk was responsible for the reductions in specific splenic lymphocyte populations. These data demonstrate that mice reared by females fed ethanol during the early postnatal period have a marked depletion of each of the major subpopulations of splenic lymphocytes, and that Thy 1.2⁺ lymphocytes are differentially sensitive to ethanol.     

腹腔镜与开腹幽门环肌切开术的前瞻性比较研究

目的研究比较腹腔镜幽门环肌切开术（LP）和开腹幽门环肌切开术（OP）治疗先天性幽门肥厚性狭窄的疗效及免疫功能的变化。方法自2003年4月-2006年7月将72例先天性幽门肥厚性狭窄患儿随机分成二组（LP组及OP组各36例），比较二组麻醉时间、手术时间、术后进食时间及术后并发症，监测二组术前、术后第一天、术后第三天的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、C反应蛋白（CRP）及白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）的变化并行对比研究。结果二组麻醉时间、手术时间、术后进食时间差异无统计学意义，OP组术后并发症要略多于LP组，比较二组术前、术后第一天、术后第三天的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、CRP及IL-6和TNF的变化差异无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜幽门环肌切开术（LP）和开腹幽门环肌切开术（OP）治疗先天性幽门肥厚性狭窄的临床效果相近，二组患儿免疫功能的变化无显著性差异。腹腔镜幽门环肌切开术是一种稳定、可靠的手术，对于治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的效果满意。     

人精浆对不同丝裂原诱导淋转反应的影响

本文通过人精浆对PHA、ConA和PWM三种丝裂原诱导淋巴细胞转化反应的影响,间接了解HSP对T辅助、T抑制和B淋巴细胞功能的影响,结果发现不同浓度的精浆对三种丝裂原诱导的淋转反应均有明显抑制作用(P<0.05),且三种浓度HSP的抑制作用在无显著性差异(P>0.05);中浓度的精浆对PHA、ConA和PWM诱导转反应的抑制率分别为69.7、51.7和48.3％,说明精浆对机体的T辅助、T抑制性和B淋巴细胞功能均有明显的抑制作用。此外,还对精浆的免疫抑制作用机理和意义进行了讨论。