肺癌脑转移83例临床分析

我所内科１９８８￣１９９３年收治肺癌患者１００６例，脑转移８３例，占８．２５％，由于治疗方法不同，其预后极其不同。手术切除加放疗化疗与单纯放疗化疗的生存率有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），放疗化疗综合组疗效预后好于单一治疗组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。因此在肺癌确诊后应常规作脑影像学检查，可早期诊断，这是提高疗效和生存捏的重要因素。     

原因不明老年咯血患者的纤支镜检查

报告７８例老年咯血患者纤维支气管镜检查结果，７１例获得病因诊断，诊断率９产％。咯血原因中，肺癌４８例，占６１．５％。其它依次是：支气管扩张１２例，肺炎１１例，老年人肺结核发病率低。４１例肺癌的病理分型显示，鳞癌３０例，小细胞癌凶，为５例。     

Research review: DNA polymerases as molecular markers of the regenerating capacity of hepatocytes

Hepatocyte regeneration has been widely investigated, with the mitotic index and the incorporation of [³H]thymidine being used as regeneration markers. We focused on the induction of DNA replication enzymes, particularly DNA polymerases (pol) α, δ, and ε. Using rat models, we have shown that the activity of pol α in crude liver extract well represents the regenerating capacity of hepatocytes. Using pol α as an indicator, we analyzed liver regeneration in rat models under various conditions: obstructive jaundice, external or internal biliary drainage, and the obstruction of portal vein branches. It has been revealed that the ligation of the common bile duct alone induces a certain amount of hepatocyte proliferation. It was striking that external biliary drainage suppressed regeneration capacity in cholestatic rat liver after partial hepatectomy. The strong regeneration in nonligated lobes induced by portal branch ligation was similar to the liver regeneration seen after partial hepatectomy with respect to the induction of DNA polymerases. Taken together, the aspects of DNA replication, particularly the induction of DNA polymerases, may contribute to shedding new light on the regeneration of human liver. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research and for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan, and by grants from the Uehara Memorial Foundation     

Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of Ewing's sarcoma and related tumors: Morphological neural markers suggesting neural histogenesis in 32 small round-cell sarcomas

The purpose of this study was to validate the hypothesis of neural histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma of bone and related tumors by light microscopic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical analysis. We studied 32 round-cell sarcomas (19 cases of Ewing's sarcoma of bone, 3 extraskeletal Ewing's sarcomas, 5 peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) and 5 cases of unclassified small round-cell type of neurogenic sarcoma (NS). Immunoreactivity for MIC2 was observed in all cases of Ewing's sarcoma and PNET, and in 1 cases of NS. Positive immunoreactivity for neural markers (NSE, synaptophysin, S-100) was found frequently in some tumors. Ultrastructurally, some specific features of neural differentiation, such as a fragmented basal lamina and neurosecretory granule-like particles, were found even in typical cases of Ewing's sarcoma of bone, which presented without a rosette arrangement and were almost negative for neural immuno-markers, but positive for MIC2. These ultrastructural neural features were observed less frequently in Ewing's sarcoma of bone than in PNET and NS. However, no significant correlation was demonstrated between the immunoreactivity for neural markers and the ultrastructural and histological neural features. These results support the hypothesis of a neural origin of Ewing's sarcoma and related neoplasms, and suggest that some overlapping entity could persist in PNET and Ewing's sarcoma and that this entity could be seen in histological and immunohistochemical studies of both tumors.     

转人GM—CSF基因人膀胱癌细胞株的建立及体外生物学特性

经逆转录病毒载体将人GM-CSF基因导入人膀胱癌细胞株BIU-87细胞中,建立了转基因细胞株BIU/GM。经流式细胞仪行细胞DNA周期分析表明GM-CSF基因的导人及表达对BIU-87细胞的增长无影响。免疫荧光测定发现转GM-CSF基因及表达不能促进BIU-87细胞表面HLA-ABC、DR、DQ抗原的表达。转基因瘤细胞株经6000rad X射线照射灭活后,丧失增殖能力,逐步死亡,但能维持一定水平的GM-CSF分泌活性达两周以上。从而为制备灭活的转基因瘤苗提供了初步经验。     

异搏定对胰腺腺泡细胞内游离钙离子浓度的影响

目的:探讨细胞内钙超负荷在急性胰腺炎(AP)发生发展中的作用.方法:使用140只SD大白鼠胆胰管逆行加压注射4.5%牛磺胆酸钠制成AP模型,用荧光指示剂Fura-2/Am测定游离胰腺腺泡细胞内游离钙离子浓度([Ca~(2 )]i).结果:注射后2小时和3小时胰腺呈急性出血坏死性炎症早期改变,制AP模型后AP组[Ca~(2 )]i较对照组明显增高(P<0.001),AP组胰腺腺泡细胞内[Ca~(2 )]i增高值与胰腺病理变化程度呈正相关关系(r_s=0.9727,P<0.001),异搏定治疗可明显提高病鼠生存率和改善胰腺组织出血坏死程度和腺泡细胞超微结构损害.结论:胰腺腺泡细胞内钙超负荷在胆汁性急性水肿性胰腺炎向出血坏死性胰腺炎转变中起明显作用,钙通道阻滞剂异搏定可明显阻止胰腺细胞内钙离子超负荷,是其治疗急性胰腺炎的主要机理之一.     

A study to explore the role of a community oncology nurse specialist

Cancer patients are increasingly being cared for in the community. However, the role of the community oncology nurse specialist (CONS) remains a rare appointment in the United Kingdom. There is little research evidence to substantiate the view that this is a worthwhile and effective role. This study aimed to explore the role of one CONS using a qualitative case study approach. The sample consisted of the CONS, seven patients, no relatives and five community nurses. Semi-structured interviews were used to elicit the view of these participants. In addition, documents containing details of the CONS's work to date were reviewed. A number of the CONS's role components were identified by the different respondent groups. Five themes were identified within the data collected: functions of the CONS, communication between the CONS and other health care professionals, structural and organizational factors, characteristics of the service and benefits to patients and their families. Furthermore, all respondent groups were positive about the service offered by the CONS, and felt that the role was valuable. Some negative features were identified and these were concerned with organizational aspects of the service. The findings suggest the need for further research and evaluation in this area.     

胃癌病人天然杀伤细胞活性监测

报道微量细胞毒试验——LDH 释放法用于对胃癌病人临床免疫的监测.测定100例正常人和50例胃癌病人外周血 NK 细胞毒.结果:正常人值为36.10±5.68,胃癌组中,10例早期胃癌为28.76±4.70,25例进展期胃癌为14.51±5.80,15例晚期胃癌为11.86±4.43,与正常人值比较,P 值分别>0.05,<0.01和<0.01.NK 细胞毒活性随胃癌病变的进展和肿瘤体积的增大而逐渐降低,手术切除肿瘤后可有不同程度回升,甚至恢复到正常水平。长期化疗能损伤 NK 活性.     

Cancer mortality among northern Georgia carpet and textile workers

Proportionate cancer mortality was analyzed among white male carpet and textile workers in five northwest Georgia counties for the years 1970-1984. Compared with other Georgians, carpet and textile workers had higher proportions of lymphocytic leukemia (proportionate cancer mortality ratio [PCMR] = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.4-5.4]) and testicular cancer (PCMR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.0-7.5). The excess mortality from lymphocytic leukemia was even higher when the analysis was limited to workers deemed most likely to work directly in production areas (PCMR = 4.2; 95% CI = 1.7-8.7). Further studies are needed to determine if the observed excesses are the result of workplace exposures.     

肺脏在老龄大鼠多器官衰竭中的作用

目的：探讨肺脏在老龄大鼠多器官衰竭中的作用。方法：一次性静脉主射大肠杆菌内毒素，复制出老龄大鼠多器官衰竭（ＭＯＦ）实验模型。动态观察了五个时相组（１、２，６、１２，２４ｈ）的有关免疫，生化功能指标和病理变化。