2013-2014年广州超市预包装食品营养标签标示 变化情况

摘要:目的　了解于2013年1月1日起正式施行的《预包装食品营养标签通则》实施初和实施1年后营养标签标识情况的变化。方法　2013年5月和2014年5月,选择在广州市4家大、中、小型的连锁超市现场进行营养标签拍照调查,并判断其规范性。结果　2013 年预包装食品中标示营养成分表、营养声称和营养成分功能声称的分别为973种（93.7%）,160种（15.4%）,89种（8.6%）,2014 年分别为854种（96.2%）、47种（5.3%）、26种（2.9%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为5.261,51.225,27.234,P＝0.022,P＜0.001,P＜0.001）。被调查预包装食品,符合《通则》标准的营养声称和功能声称的前三位营养素均为钙及其他矿物质、维生素、蛋白质。结论　《通则》实施后,广州超市食品营养标签总体标示率显著提高,《通则》的实施有利于引导消费者选择更为健康的食品,但仍需要进一步的监督与实施。     

男性尿道分泌物淋球菌培养漏检情况分析

目的了解细菌培养法对男性尿道分泌物淋球菌培养检查的漏检情况。方法同时用荧光定量PCR法、细菌培养法及直接涂片法对362例男性尿道分泌物检测,然后对3种方法检测结果进行统计学处理。结果362例男性尿道分泌物荧光定量PCR阳性率为29．56％（107／362）;与直接涂片法阳性率26．52％（96／362）较接近（X^2=0．83,P〉0．05）;而细菌培养法阳性率4．42％（16／362）明显低于PCR法（X^2=81．10,P〈0．01）和直接涂片法（X^2=67．60,P〈0．01）。结论单纯淋菌培养对男性病例的潺检率高,达80％以上;保证分析前标本的质量和采用两种以上方法同时进行检测是提高淋菌检出率的有效措施。     

Consumer valuation of packaged foods. Interactive effects of amount and accessibility of information

Food purchasing decisions of consumers are influenced by information on food labels such as origin and nutritional value of the food product. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the impact of the amount and accessibility of information on consumers' value judgment of food products. Participants (n=120, Japanese university students) rated their maximum willingness to pay (WTP) for three food products varying in information accessibility (active-search or read-only conditions) and in the amount of information (small, medium, or large) provided. We will demonstrate that a consumer's WTP depends on the interaction between these two factors. In the active-search condition, food products with a large amount of information were valued significantly higher than those with less information. However, in the read-only condition, food products with a medium amount of information were valued significantly higher than those with little information, and there was no significant difference between conditions with large and small amounts of information. To conclude, a larger amount of information led to a higher value only when participants searched for the information actively, whereas a moderate amount of information did the best when participants are only allowed to read the information.     

碘染色对早期食管癌及癌前病变的诊断价值

目的探讨胃镜下碘染色对早期食管癌及癌前病变的诊断价值。方法对本院2007-01-2009-12186例常规胃镜下观察食管黏膜有轻度异常的患者,用碘液配制成2.5%卢戈液染色,观察病变染色程度,并进行活组织病理学检查,结合病理结果进行统计,将病理结果与染色结果进行比较。结果常规胃镜检查发现186例食管异常病变,其中食管鳞形细胞癌43例,食管重度不典型增生8例,食管中度不典型增生32例,食管轻度不典型增生15例,慢性食管炎61例,鳞状上皮增生27例。卢戈液染色后,早期食管癌及癌前病变主要表现为卢戈液不染和淡染,其准确性为62.03%;卢戈液不染诊断早期食管癌及食管重度不典型增生准确性高达95.8%。碘不染、淡染区检出食管早癌及异型增生概率高于染色区（χ2=35.139,P〈0.05）。结论胃镜下卢戈液染色有助于食管病变的鉴别诊断,可以提高异型增生及早期食管癌的检出率,对食管表浅病变有重要诊断价值。     

Correlation between cumulative labeling indices measured in the terminal bronchioles and in the centriacinar region in the lungs of rats exposed to oxidant air pollutants

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed on 7 consecutive days for 8 h a night to 0.6 ppm ozone, 10.8 ppm NO₂ or a mixture of the two gases. Cumulative labeling indices were measured in the epithelium of the terminal bronchioles and the adjacent centriacinar region. An excellent correlation in labeling indices between the two sites was found. It is concluded that the labeling index in the terminal bronchioles represents a sensitive measurement for ozone-induced lung injury.     

肿瘤靶向治疗用白蛋白磁性纳米粒子的~(188)铼(~(188)Re)标记

目的188铼(188Re)标记用于肿瘤靶向治疗的白蛋白磁纳米体的实验室条件.方法 188Re标记白蛋白磁性纳米体的最佳实验室条件是SnCl2·H2O8 mg/ml,柠檬酸20 mg/ml,维生素C 8 mg/ml,反应容积为500μl,反应时间为3 h.结果188Re总的标记率大于90%,标记稳定性7 h为98%、24 h为95%.结论188R-0白蛋白磁性纳米体的标记率及标记稳定性适于用于肿瘤靶向治疗的体内研究.     

3H-thymidine autoradiography of the CSF cells in cases of non-neoplastic disease

Summary Human CSF cells in cases of non-neoplastic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) were examined in vitro by ³H-thymidine autoradiography. Immediately after withdrawal by lumbar or ventricular puncture, the CSF was incubated in a sedimentation chamber at 37°C for 1 hr with an admixture of ³H-thymidine at a concentration of 1–2 Ci/ml CSF. In a few cases the CSF withdrawn was incubated in a glass tube in the same condition as in a sedimentation chamber, and the CSF cells were collected by centrifugation. The CSF cells collected were fixed in methanol and the microautoradiographic procedure was performed.Labeled CSF cells were found in 21 cases out of 22. The average labeling index of the total nucleated cells was 0.22% with the highest labeling of 0.74%. Almost all the labeled cells were thought to be medium to large sized lymphocytes and monocytoids. Peripheral blood was examined by a similar method and the results were compared with those of the CSF.It may be noteworthy that there exist DNA synthesizing cells in the CSF even in a non-neoplastic state of the CNS, although the number is not large.

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Zusammenfassung Menschliche Liquorzellen in den Fällen von nichtneoplastischen Krankheiten des zentralen Nervensystems wurden in vitro mit ³H-Thymidin-Autoradiographie untersucht. Sofort nach der Lumbal- oder Ventrikelpunktion wurde der entnommene Liquor in einer Sedimentierkammer bei 37°C für 1 Std mit ³H-Thymidin inkubiert. Bei einigen Fällen wurde der entnommene Liquor in einem Spitzglas in dem gleichen Zustand wie in der Sedimentierkammer inkubiert, und die Liquorzellen wurden durch Zentrifugation konzentriert. Diese Zellkonzentrate wurden in Methanol fixiert und ein mikroautoradiographisches Verfahren angewandt.In 21 von 22 untersuchten Fällen wurden die markierten Liquorzellen gefunden. Der durchschnittliche Markierungsindex der gesamten kernhaltigen Liquorzellen war 0,22%, und der höchste Markierungsindex war 0,74%. Die markierten Zellen wurden fast ausschließlich als mittelmäßige oder große Lymphocyten und Monocytoiden angesprochen. Blutzellen wurden mit der gleichen Methode untersucht, und die Resultate wurden mit denen der Liquorzellen verglichen.Es ist bemerkenswert, daß es auch bei nichtneoplastischen Prozessen des Zentralnervensystems Liquorzellen mit der Fähigkeit der DNS-Synthese gibt, obwohl ihre Zahl nicht groß ist.

     

Improving perfusion quantification in arterial spin labeling for delayed arrival times by using optimized acquisition schemes

ObjectiveThe improvement in Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) perfusion quantification, especially for delayed bolus arrival times (BAT), with an acquisition redistribution scheme mitigating the T1 decay of the label in multi-TI ASL measurements is investigated. A multi inflow time (TI) 3D-GRASE sequence is presented which adapts the distribution of acquisitions accordingly, by keeping the scan time constant.Material and MethodsThe MR sequence increases the number of averages at long TIs and decreases their number at short TIs and thus compensating the T1 decay of the label. The improvement of perfusion quantification is evaluated in simulations as well as in-vivo in healthy volunteers and patients with prolonged BATs due to age or steno-occlusive disease.ResultsThe improvement in perfusion quantification depends on BAT. At healthy BATs the differences are small, but become larger for longer BATs typically found in certain diseases. The relative error of perfusion is improved up to 30% at BATs > 1500 ms in comparison to the standard acquisition scheme.ConclusionThis adapted acquisition scheme improves the perfusion measurement in comparison to standard multi-TI ASL implementations. It provides relevant benefit in clinical conditions that cause prolonged BATs and is therefore of high clinical relevance for neuroimaging of steno-occlusive diseases.     

BECOMING A PROBLEMATIC CONSUMER OF NARCOTICS

Based on participant observation studies of problematic consumers of narcotics in Stockholm, Sweden, this paper presents a life-history model illuminating why the research subjects started using narcotics and continued to do so. The model consists of four stages. The first two are initiated before the individual begins taking drugs, and lead to the development of a drastically negative self-image. The third stage consists of consciously breaching societal norms, thereby provoking responses which confirm and consolidate the negative self-image. In the fourth stage still more drastic deviant behavior and an increasingly negative self-image mutually reinforce each other.