替吉奥联合奥沙利铂或奈达铂同步放疗治疗局部进展期食管鳞癌的临床观察

目的 比较替吉奥联合奥沙利铂（OXA）或奈达铂（NDP）同步放疗治疗局部进展期食管鳞癌的临床疗效和相关不 良反应。方法 选择局部进展期食管鳞癌患者72 例,随机分为观察组（38 例）和对照组（34 例）,两组均采用同步放化疗。观察组采用替吉奥联合OXA 治疗,OXA 剂量为130mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1,替吉奥40mg/m2,早晚各1 次口服,d1~14。对照组采用NDP,剂量为80mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1,其余治疗方法同观察组。两组患者放、化疗同时开始,3周为1 个疗程,共化疗2个疗程。比较两组患者治疗后的临床疗效、生存期及不良反应情况。结果 观察组和对照组近期总有效率分别为81.6%和82.4%,两组比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;观察组和对照组患者1、2、3 年生存率分别为86.8%、57.9%、28.9%和85.3%、55.9%、29.4%,两组比较均无统计学差异（均P ＞0.05）。观察组患者外周神经毒性反应发生率高于对照组（P＜0.05）;而在骨髓抑制、放射性食管炎及放射性肺炎等其他方面的不良反应发生率均类似于对照组,两组比较均无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）。结论在局部进展期食管癌同步放化疗中,替吉奥联合OXA 方案与替吉奥联合NDP 方案患者的近期有效率与远期生存率相当,有效性和耐受性都较好,值得进一步 前瞻性探索。     

直肠腔内剪切波弹性成像对局部进展期直肠癌新辅助放化疗后T分期的价值

目的探讨经直肠腔内超声弹性成像对局部进展期直肠癌新辅助放化疗后T分期的应用价值。 方法收集就诊于中国医学科学院肿瘤医院的局部进展期直肠癌患者57例,均于术前接受新辅助放化疗,并进行根治性手术。所有患者新辅助放化疗前后行经直肠腔内超声（ERUS）及剪切波弹性成像（SWE）检查。以术后病理为金标准,评价ERUS及SWE对直肠癌新辅助放化疗后T分期的准确性。 结果ERUS对局部进展期直肠癌新辅助放化疗后T分期的诊断准确率为59.6%（34/57）。ERUS判断肿瘤局限于肠壁（T0~T2）的准确性为39.3%（11/28）。46.2%（6/13）的ypT0期患者被过高分期。放化疗前后,杨氏模量最大值（Emax）平均值分别为（103.27±29.23）kPa、（49.91±32.67）kPa,差异有统计学意义（t=6.236,P<0.001）。新辅助治疗后病理T分期越高,Emax平均值随之升高。以放化疗后病灶Emax构建ROC曲线,选取58 kPa作为最佳诊断临界点时,诊断放化疗后残余病变局限于肠壁内的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为76.2%、86.4%、78.9%;以43 kPa为最佳诊断临界点,诊断ypT0期的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为100%、84.6%、89.7%,均较ERUS有改善,说明SWE可提高新辅助治疗后直肠癌再分期的准确性,有助于临床治疗方案的制定。 结论经直肠腔内SWE可提高局部进展期直肠癌新辅助放化疗后T分期的准确性,可丰富现有影像检查方法。     

直肠癌新辅助治疗后不同等待时间对术后病理和预后的影响

目的探讨中低位直肠癌术前新辅助治疗后不同等待时间对术后病理及预后的影响。 方法回顾性分析2013年1月~2018年12月期间于江苏省人民医院行新辅助放化疗的77例进展期中低位直肠癌患者临床资料,按照新辅助治疗后术前等待时间分为Ⅰ组43例（6~8周）和Ⅱ组34例（9~12周）,比较两组术后病理及预后情况。 结果两组患者新辅助前的一般资料如性別、年龄、cTNM分期及CEA水平等比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后病理结果提示：Ⅱ组术后病理淋巴结阳性率显著低于Ⅰ组（20.6% vs. 46.5%,P=0.018）。Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组pCR率分别为18.6%和17.6%,二者差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.012,P=0.914）。Ⅰ组共有14例患者（32.6%,14/43）肿瘤消退明显,仅剩下少量镜下癌灶或无肿瘤残留,Ⅱ组共有13例患者（38.2%,13/34）肿瘤消退明显,两组比较差异无统计学意义（Z=-0.702,P=0.483）。两组术后并发症发生率及远期肿瘤复发及转移差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论延长新辅助放化疗至手术的时间间隔至9~12周较6~8周能进一步降低淋巴结的阳性率,但对pCR率及肿瘤消退分级评分并无影响。对术后短期并发症发生情况以及长期复发及转移等情况也未产生较大影响。延期手术对患者来说利弊共存,因此应根据患者病情制定个体化治疗策略。     

Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced oesophageal cancer

BackgroundWe performed a retrospective analysis of Asian patients with locally advanced oesophageal cancer to test the hypothesis that an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with a poor survival rate after definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy.MethodsIn total, 138 patients diagnosed with locally advanced oesophageal cancer (TNM classification of malignant tumours stage II or III) who were treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy between January 2005 and December 2010 were retrospectively analysed. Definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy was performed using two different chemotherapy regimens.ResultsThe median follow-up duration was 39.5 months (range 1.1–93.4). The median progression-free survival was 14.0 months, and the median overall survival was 19.9 months. Compared with the low (<2.0) neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio group (n = 43, 31.2%), the high (≥2.0) neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio group (n = 95, 68.8%) exhibited significant decreases in the durations of both progression-free survival and overall survival. Using multivariate analysis, an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was also significantly associated with decreased progression-free survival (HR 1.799; 95% CI, 1.050–3.083; P = 0.032) and overall survival duration (HR 2.115; 95% CI, 1.193–3.749; P = 0.010).ConclusionsThe pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a useful prognostic marker in patients with locally advanced oesophageal cancer treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy.     

新辅助化疗与新辅助放化疗联合直肠癌手术的治疗效果比较

目的：通过多学科联合诊断,比较新辅助化疗（neoadjuvant chemotherapy, NCT）与新辅助放化疗（neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, NCRT） 联合直肠癌手术的临床治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析2012年4月-2013年4月期间山西省肿瘤医院结直肠肛门外科收治确诊为局部晚期直肠癌（locally advanced rectal cancer, LARC） 患者的临床资料。根据患者的治疗方案将患者分为NCRT 组（新辅助放化疗+手术治疗）与NCT组（新辅助化疗+手术治疗）,从多学科方向比较2组的治疗效果。研究用SPSS 22.0 软件做数据分析。结果：NCRT组与NCT组在患者住院时间、手术时间及拔除尿管时间上的差异有统计学意义;两组在手术类型,病理完全缓解率（pathologic complete rate, pCR）,术后拔除胃管及引流管的时间,术后排气、进食、活动的时间,术后并发症的发生率及肿瘤复发率差异均无统计学意义。结论：NCT可使患者住院时间、手术时间及拔除尿管时间均缩短,NCRT可使肿瘤标志物有明显下降,从数字上看其5年生存率高于术前单纯化疗。     

食管癌新辅助放化疗疗效预测分子标志物

局部晚期食管癌单纯手术治疗预后较差,新辅助放化疗并手术治疗的方案可明显延长食管癌患者的总体生存时间.目前,该治疗方案已成为欧美国家及我国对局部晚期食管癌进行规范化治疗的指南.然而,由于只有经新辅助放化疗后获得病理缓解的患者可从中获益,治疗无反应的患者预后可能比单纯手术更差.因此,预测食管癌新辅助放化疗的疗效,区分优势人群和耐受人群,从而实现个体化的治疗极为重要.分子标记物用于预测食管癌新辅助放化疗的疗效研究前景广阔,有望广泛应用于临床实践,指导局部晚期食管癌个体化治疗方案的决策.     

Prevalence and significance of anaemia in patients receiving long‐course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal carcinoma

Aim The study aimed to assess the prevalence and significance of anaemia during long‐course neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer at our centre. Method Hospital coding and a prospective oncology database were used to identify all patients undergoing long‐course neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer at our centre between 2004 and 2009. A retrospective review of computerized records was used to extract individual patient data. Anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin level of < 11.5 g/dl for women and of < 13 g/dl for men. Downstaging was assessed by comparing radiological stage (rTNM) with histological stage (ypTNM). Tumour regression after radiotherapy was assessed using the Rectal Cancer Regression Group (RCRG) scores of 1–3. The results were analysed using Gnu PSPP statistical software. Results There were 70 patients (51 men) of median age 66 (interquartile range 60–72.75) years. Of these, 24 were anaemic. Two (3%) had no haemoglobin level recorded and were excluded. Forty‐two per cent of anaemic patients demonstrated mural (T) downstaging compared with 68% of nonanaemic patients (P = 0.03). There was no difference in nodal downstaging between the groups. The RCRG scores showed more tumour regression in nonanaemic patients than in anaemic patients, as follows: RCRG 1, 59%vs 30%; RCRG 2, 11%vs 17%; and RCRG 3, 38%vs 46% (P < 0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of anaemia in patients undergoing long‐course neoadjuvant radiotherapy was 35%. Anaemia during long‐course neoadjuvant radiotherapy was associated with significant reductions in tumour downstaging and regression.     

颈胸上段食管癌根治性放化疗靶区范围对预后生存的影响

目的 探讨颈胸上段食管癌根治性放化疗时调强放疗靶区范围对生存预后的影响,并结合失败模式,为颈胸上段食管癌放射治疗靶区勾画提供参考标准。方法 回顾性收集2010年至2014年间在本院接受根治性同期放化疗的132例颈胸上段食管癌患者临床资料,其中选择性淋巴引流区照射（ENI）者71例,累及野照射（IFI）者61例。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算局部控制（LC）、无进展生存（PFS）、总生存（OS）,并行Log-rank法检验、COX风险模型单因素及多因素预后分析。结果 随访至2017年12月底,中位随访时间59.5（14.2~95.8）个月,随访率为99.2%。ENI组与IFI组1、3、5年LC分别为77.5%、58.8%、48.8%和64.3%、29.1%、26.2%（χ²=9.68,P=0.002）,PFS分别为68.6%、37.7%、25.9%和47.5%、17.2%、3.6%（χ²=11.39,P=0.001）,OS分别为81.7%、53.9%、31.3%和70.5%、31.9%、16.3%（χ²=7.70,P=0.006）。多因素分析显示T分期、N分期和照射范围是局部控制、无进展生存和总生存的独立性预后影响因素（P<0.05）。ENI组总失败率和局部区域复发率均明显低于IFI组（χ²=13.23、5.24,P<0.05）。ENI组和IFI组≥ 3级的放射性食管炎、肺炎和骨髓抑制差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 颈胸上段食管癌患者接受根治性放化疗时,选择性淋巴引流区照射可明显降低局部区域复发和远处转移,进而改善长期生存。     

Real-life assessment of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) toxicity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment

Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the feasibility of VMAT in association with platin or cetuximab in HNSCC and reports VMAT-related acute and late toxicities for the first time. Objectives: New radiotherapy techniques, such as Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) were developed to lower RT-related toxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate acute and late toxicities of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients treated using VMAT. Methods: This study investigated retrospectively all patients with HNSCC who received VMAT in curative intent. Results: From 2010–2013, 150 patients were treated. Seventy-five patients (50%) received concurrent chemotherapy with VMAT, 51 patients (34%) received VMAT alone and 24 patients (16%) received concurrent cetuximab with VMAT. Mean delivered dose to planning target volume tumor (PTV T), high risk nodes (PTV HNR), low risk nodes (PTV LNR) and prophylactic nodes (PTV PN) were: 65.2 Gy, 62.9 Gy, 55.4 Gy, and 51.5 Gy, respectively. PTV mean coverages were higher than 96.5%. Most common grade 3/4 acute infield toxicities were mucosis (n?=?28, 19%), dysphagia (n?=?24, 16%), and dermatitis (n?=?24, 16%). With a median follow-up of 16.0 months, most common late toxicities were dysphagia (n?=?30, 20%), xerostomia (n?=?28, 19%), larynx stiff (n?=?17, 11%), and skin fibrosis (n?=?14, 9%).