夏商周断代工程的研究途径与阶段性成果

国家“九五”期间重点科技攻关计划项目“夏商周断代工程” ,经过200位专家学者前后5年的集体努力 ,已于2000年9月通过验收 ,同年11月公布了《夏商周断代工程1996-2000年阶段成果报告 (简本 )》。这一项目采取自然科学与人文社会科学多学科结合的研究途径 ,制定了《夏商周年表》 ,为我国古代夏商周这一重要历史时期的年代学提供了科学依据 ,使进一步探索中国古代文明起源及其早期发展有了可靠的基础。     

透析中运动干预对维持性血液透析患者的影响

目的 探讨维持性血液透析患者透析中运动干预的实施效果.方法 将患者随机分为观察组29例和对照组30例,对照组按常规进行透析护理,包括生命体征监测、记录治疗参数和健康教育,透析中不进行运动干预;观察组在常规护理基础上根据自制的透析中运动方案进行运动干预,其中有氧运动40 min、阻力运动20 min.比较两组干预前和干预6个月后的透析充分性、运动能力、炎症指标和生活质量.结果 干预6个月后观察组透析充分性、运动能力、炎症指标测评结果和生理健康评分显著优于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 对维持性血液透析患者进行透析中运动干预,能够提高患者透析充分性,增强运动能力,改善炎症指标,提升生理健康水平.     

Inequities in access to VA’S aid and attendance enhanced pension benefit to help Veterans pay for long‐term care

ObjectiveTo examine characteristics that are associated with receipt of Aid and Attendance (A&A), an enhanced pension benefit for Veterans who qualify on the basis of needing daily assistance, among Veterans who receive pensions.Data sourcesSecondary data analysis of 2016‐2017 national VA administrative data linked with Medicare claims.Study designObservational study examining sociodemographic, medical, and healthcare utilization characteristics associated with receipt of A&A among Veterans receiving pension.Principal findingsIn 2017, 9.7% of Veterans with pension newly received the A&A benefit. The probability of receiving A&A among black and Hispanic pensioners was 4.6 percentage points lower than for white pensioners (95%CI = −0.051, −0.042). Married Veterans receiving pension had a 4.4‐percentage point higher probability of receiving A&A (95%CI = 0.039, 0.048). Most indicators of need for assistance (eg, home health utilization, dementia, stroke) were associated with significantly higher probabilities of receiving A&A, with notable exceptions: pensioners with a diagnosis of Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (marginal effect = −0.029 95%CI = −0.037, −0.021) or enrolled in Medicaid (marginal effect = −0.053, 95%CI = −0.057, −0.050) had lower probabilities of receiving A&A. Unadjusted and adjusted rates of receiving A&A among Veterans receiving pension varied by VA medical center.ConclusionsThis study identified potential inequities in receipt of the A&A enhanced pension among a sample of Veterans receiving pension. Increased Veteran outreach, provider education, and VA office coordination can potentially reduce inequities in access to this benefit.     

Effects of participatory workplace improvement program on stress-related biomarkers and self-reported stress among university hospital nurses: a preliminary study

Although participatory workplace improvement programs are known to provide favorable effects on high stress occupations like nursing, no studies have confirmed its effect using biomarkers. The aim of this study was to determine whether a participatory workplace improvement program would decrease stress-related symptoms as evaluated by biomarkers and self-reported stress among hospital nurses. Three actions to alleviate job stress, which were determined through focus group interviews and voting, were undertaken for two months. A total of 31 female Japanese nurses underwent measurement of inflammatory markers, autonomic nervous activity (ANA), and perceived job stress (PJS) at three-time points; before the program (T1), within a week after the completion of the program (T2), and three months after the program (T3). A series of inflammatory markers (Interferon-γ, Interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12/23p40) decreased significantly at T2, and IL-12/23p40 and IL-15 significantly decreased at T3 compared to T1, while ANA and PJS remained unchanged. Our participatory program exerted beneficial effects in reducing inflammatory responses, but not for ANA and PJS. Further investigations with a better study design, i.e., a randomized controlled trial, and a larger sample size are warranted to determine what exerted beneficial effects on inflammatory markers and why other outcomes remained unchanged.     

Analysis of acute-phase toxicities of intensity-modulated proton therapy using a model-based approach in pharyngeal cancer patients

Pharyngeal cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) using a model-based approach were retrospectively reviewed, and acute toxicities were analyzed. From June 2016 to March 2019, 15 pharyngeal (7 naso-, 5 oro- and 3 hypo-pharyngeal) cancer patients received IMPT with robust optimization. Simulation plans for IMPT and intensity-modulated X-ray therapy (IMXT) were generated before treatment. We also reviewed 127 pharyngeal cancer patients with IMXT in the same treatment period. In the simulation planning comparison, all of the normal-tissue complication probability values for dysphagia, dysgeusia, tube-feeding dependence and xerostomia were lower for IMPT than for IMXT in the 15 patients. After completing IMPT, 13 patients completed the evaluation, and 12 of these patients had a complete response. The proportions of patients who experienced grade 2 or worse acute toxicities in the IMPT and IMXT cohorts were 21.4 and 56.5% for dysphagia (P < 0.05), 46.7 and 76.3% for dysgeusia (P < 0.05), 73.3 and 62.8% for xerostomia (P = 0.43), 73.3 and 90.6% for mucositis (P = 0.08) and 66.7 and 76.4% for dermatitis (P = 0.42), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that IMPT was independently associated with a lower rate of grade 2 or worse dysphagia and dysgeusia. After propensity score matching, 12 pairs of IMPT and IMXT patients were selected. Dysphagia was also statistically lower in IMPT than in IMXT (P < 0.05). IMPT using a model-based approach may have clinical benefits for acute dysphagia.     

基于精益六西格玛管理的门诊服务流程优化实践

目的探索精益六西格玛管理在综合医院门诊服务流程优化中的效果,提升门诊服务,改善患者就医体验。方法运用精益六西格玛管理体系5个阶段,选取2019年5—12月168万人次门诊患者为对照组、2020年1—8月120万人次门诊患者为观察组。对照组采用常规门诊管理,观察组采用精益六西格玛管理。比较两组门诊患者就诊时间、等候时间、取药时间、满意度。结果观察组门诊患者就诊时间、等候时间、取药时间均明显小于对照组,患者满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于精益六西格玛管理,门诊服务流程取得了较好的改进效果,不断优化门诊资源配置,患者满意度提高,最终得出一套适用于综合医院推广和借鉴的门诊服务优化流程。     

基于点云数据的髋臼置钉通道全局优化

针对髋臼前后柱置钉通道多截面调控规划法的不足,该研究提出了基于大密度点云数据、相关理论、软件内置功能及自编程序的规划方法,实现了对置钉通道总长的全局优化,同时进行了基于7截面、11截面调控规划法以及点云数据的前柱最大内接圆柱体虚拟置钉实验,分析了实验结果及形成机理,验证了基于点云数据规划法的全局优化效果,但对多截面调控规划法的调控有效性表示还存有疑问,此外,还对基于点云数据的髋臼置钉通道规划方法应用的相关原理和操作技巧作了简略介绍。     

2012—2020年济南市非免疫规划疫苗使用情况分析

目的 分析2012—2020年济南市非免疫规划疫苗（Non-National Immunization Program Vaccine,nNIP）的使用情况,为提高和加强nNIP疫苗的接种服务与管理提供参考。方法 对2012—2020年济南市nNIP疫苗使用数据进行描述分析。结果 2012—2020年,济南市使用的nNIP疫苗总量在553720~1407987剂次之间,nNIP疫苗占疫苗总使用量的比例在28%~30%之间。nNIP疫苗使用种类在15~25种之间,呈逐年增加趋势。城区人均nNIP疫苗使用量高于农村地区,城乡人均接种剂次比为2.05[DK]∶1。使用量较多的nNIP疫苗主要有水痘、EV71、狂犬、A群C群流脑结合、ACYW135 群流脑多糖、流感、乙肝和甲肝疫苗,近年五联、四联、PCV13和HPV疫苗使用量也进入前10位。可替代免疫规划疫苗的几种主要nNIP疫苗使用总量由17.71万剂增至34.03万剂,总平均替代率为23.44%（16.58%~30.59%之间）,其中以A群C群流脑结合替代A群流脑多糖疫苗比例最高。结论 2012—2020 年济南市nNIP疫苗使用量基本呈上升趋势,nNIP疫苗使用种类和人均使用剂次城市地区多于农村地区。应通过健康宣教、增加政府投入和创新激励机制等措施提高nNIP疫苗利用率。