应用精细化管理提高GMP模拟车间实训课教学质量

目的通过对GMP模拟车间实训课学生评教数据分析,探讨精细化管理对其教学质量的影响,从而提高GMP模拟车间实训课教学质量。方法通过对管理前后学生教学质量评价进行对比,选取最适合GMP模拟车间的管理方法。结果采取精细化管理后,学生教学质量评价从35.71%提高到96.42%。结论对GMP模拟车间精细化管理能够有效提高该课程的教学质量,给社会带来更大的经济效益和社会效益。     

Concerns for medical radiation programs in Australian universities

The Australian higher education system is in a state of great change. The Federal education minister, Dr Brendan Nelson, has indicated that he intends to continue introducing far-reaching reforms that will impact significantly on how universities conduct teaching and research. The future allocation of government funding for university programs, including those in medical radiation, will have a significant effect on how those programs are delivered and could even determine whether programs remain viable. There will be a financial imperative for academic departments to strengthen research activity and to obtain funding from non-government sources, such as full-fee paying students, in order to generate enough income to cover program delivery. Medical radiation education in Australia is also facing many other challenges. Some of these are longstanding, such as the high cost of medical radiation program delivery, poor levels of research activity and difficulty in recruiting and retaining academic staff. Other problems have arisen recently, such as increased competition for students and a critical shortage of available training placements in clinical practice. The aim of this paper is to raise and explore these issues from a university perspective.     

颅底中线区大型和巨大型脑膜瘤的显微手术切除

目的探讨颅底中线区不同部位大型和巨大型脑膜瘤手术入路和切除方式,并分析特殊类型脑膜瘤手术治疗方法。方法本组93例,男性26例,女性67例;平均年龄48.4岁。术前行神经影像学检查,根据肿瘤部位,选择相应手术入路,采用显微手术切除肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切除80例(86.02%),大部分切除13例(13.98%),死亡1例(10.75%)。除单条颅神经功能术前完全丧失外,术后神经功能改善者75例(81.52%),不变者10例(10.86%),加重者7例(7.6%)。经6月￣7年随访,13例(14.13%)肿瘤复发。结论颅底中线区大型和巨大型脑膜瘤手术切除难度大。要取得良好的手术效果,必须选择正确手术入路,采用分块切除方式,精心保护重要血管和神经。     

小儿心包积液28例临床分析

目的：探讨小儿心包积液的病因、分类及诊断。方法：病例回顾性分析。结果：28例中，化脓性心包积液4例，结缔组织疾病所致心包积液16例，肾病综合征所致心包答液4例，病毒性、肺吸虫性、幼年型粘液性水肿及肿瘤性心包积液各1例。治愈、好转25例，另3例，分别死于急性心包填塞，风湿性全心炎、心功能不全、呼衰、纵隔肿瘤广泛转移。结论：小儿心包积液，可由多种致病因素引起。其临床特点，对该病的诊治有重要意义。     

婴儿母乳喂养与学龄前肥胖症关系的病例对照研究

①目的　探讨婴儿期母乳喂养行为与学龄前期单纯性肥胖症发生之间的关系。②方法　对 180 0名4～ 5岁儿童的婴儿期母乳喂养情况及其体质指数 (BMI)、发育情况等进行调查 ,分析母乳喂养类型和持续时间与学龄前肥胖症发生之间的关系。③结果　单因素分析发现 ,4个月内只喂母乳、主要喂母乳、母乳与配方奶量基本相同、主要喂配方奶、只喂配方奶者 4～ 5岁时肥胖发生率分别为 12 .6 3% ,13.0 4 % ,16 .98% ,18.18% ,30 .0 0 % ;儿童母乳喂养持续时间 0 ,<1,1～ 3,4～ 6 ,7～ 9,>9个月者 4～ 5岁时肥胖发生率分别为 2 9.4 1% ,30 .0 0 % ,33.33% ,17.2 4 % ,13.92 % ,12 .2 2 % .母乳喂养类型和持续时间不同的儿童学龄前期单纯性肥胖症发生率不同 ,差异有显著性 (χ2 =10 .4 0 7,P <0 .0 5 ;χ2 =2 0 .90 3,P <0 .0 0 1)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现 ,4个月内喂配方奶量越多 ,肥胖发生率越高 (OR =1.12 0 ) ;母乳喂养持续时间越长 ,肥胖发生率越低 (OR =0 .782 )。④结论　婴儿母乳喂养对学龄前期肥胖症的发生有预防作用 ;婴儿期应提倡母乳喂养 ,并尽可能延长母乳喂养时间至 9个月以上。     

Developing a model for clinical and basic science teaching skills

This report describes a model for identifying sets of teaching abilities considered to be effective for medical school teaching staff, based on roles teachers assume and functions they are expected to perform as instructors. The specification of these teaching abilities was the first step in the development of a comprehensive course on Medical Instruction at the Basic Institute of Medical and Agricultural Biology of the State University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu, Brazil, where the senior author is employed. The work was based on the assumption that medical school teachers are expected to assume a variety of teaching roles and that identification and specification of the abilities that define their roles can result in more effective and efficient teaching.     

二巯基丙磺酸钠解救毒鼠强中毒的疗效分析

目的：探求急性毒鼠强中毒（ＡＴＩ）的临床解毒方法。方法：应用二巯基丙磺酸钠解救ＡＴＩ３４例，进行疗效观察，并与既往常规治疗的２３例进行对照比较。结果：治疗组获得满意疗效，３例死亡，有效率９１．２％；对照组预后欠佳，死亡１３例，有效率４３．５％。结论：二巯基丙磺酸钠（Ｎａ—ＤＭＰＳ）对ＡＴＩ具有良好的止痉作用，可明显提高治疗效果。     

Day case stapled haemorrhoidopexy for prolapsing haemorrhoids

OBJECTIVE: Conventional surgical management of prolapsing haemorrhoids is by excisional haemorrhoidectomy. Postoperative pain has restricted the application of such procedures in the day case setting. These operations remain associated with a period of restricted activity. The use of circular stapling devices as an alternative to the excisional approach in the management of haemorrhoids has been described. This study reports our experience of stapled haemorrhoidopexy as a day case procedure. METHODS: Patients with third or fourth degree haemorrhoids were eligible for the procedure. Patients were considered suitable candidates for day case surgery based on conventional parameters. Symptoms were assessed using a previously validated symptom severity rating score. Stapled haemorrhoidopexy was carried out using a circular stapling device. Pain scores were obtained prior to discharge. Patients were admitted if pain was uncontrolled despite oral analgesia. Symptoms were re-scored at six-week follow-up. RESULTS: Over a 70-month period 168 consecutive stapled haemorrhoidopexies were performed or directly supervised by one consultant colorectal surgeon. One hundred and ten (65%) patients were considered appropriate candidates for day case surgery by conventional criteria. Ninety-six (87.3%) patients successfully underwent stapled haemorrhoidopexy on a day case basis. Fourteen (12.7%) patients required admission on the day of surgery (5 for early postoperative bleeding, 4 for pain necessitating continuing opiate analgesia, two for urinary retention and three for surgery performed late in the day). Six (5%) patients were re-admitted postoperatively; four for pain relief and two because of urinary retention. Of the day case patients, 91 (82.7%) and 56 (50.9%) had been seen for 6 week and 6 month review, respectively, at the time of analysis. Symptom scores were 6 (pre-operatively) vs 0 (postoperatively) (P < 0.01). 76/91 (83.5%) patients reviewed at 6/52 were asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Stapled haemorrhoidopexy is a safe and effective procedure that can be carried out on selected patients on a day case basis. Complications are of a similar nature to excisional haemorrhoidectomy.