BCPT对慢性应激抑郁大鼠行为及体重的影响

目的:研究一种拟青霉代谢物提取物(BCPT)对慢性轻度不可预见性应激(CUMS)大鼠行为及体重的影响.方法:采用CUMS法,造成大鼠抑郁模型,定期测量BCPT对该模型大鼠的体重及糖水消耗量,以开野实验的方法测定大鼠水平及垂直活动.结果:与正常组相比,模型组大鼠体重增长缓慢,糖水消耗量明显下降,水平活动和垂直活动均明显下降.与模型组大鼠相比,BCPT组大鼠体重增长略有提高,糖水消耗量明显增加,水平活动和垂直活动均明显增加.结论:本模型为较理想的抑郁模型,BCPT能明显改善抑郁大鼠的行为活动及体重,提示BCPT具有一定的抗抑郁作用.     

Platelet 3H-imipramine binding during recovery from depression.

Decreased binding of tritiated imipramine to platelets has been considered to be a potential biological marker of depression. However, it has been unclear how binding values alter during treatment and recovery. This study investigated imipramine binding parameters and depressive symptoms in 25 patients suffering from major depression at entry to the study and 1, 3 and 6 months later. Although the initial Bmax values were significantly lower in the depressed patients than in healthy subjects, it was not possible to establish a clear relationship between recovery from depression and Bmax. The power of this study to detect an effect of at least 10% of the variance in Bmax due to factors related to recovery from depression was 0.78.     

Differentiation between organic and functional psychiatric illness in the elderly: An evaluation of four cognitive tests

One hundred and sixty-four patients admitted to a psychogeriatric unit were given a combination of four different cognitive tests: the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Abbreviated Mental Test Score, The Felix Post Unit Score and the compilation of tests recommended by the MRC Alzheimer's Disease Workshop. The tests were compared with respect to their ability to sort accurately cases of dementia and depression, and the effects of age and education on test score and misclassification rate with diagnosis controlled for. The MMSE had a very high misclassification rate for the poorly educated and depressed group. The logistical discriminant functional analysis selected only eight items as the best discriminators between organic/ functional or dementia/depression groups. Only one of these eight was not either a memory or orientation test. The value of simply adding up tests of different aspects of cognitive function in dementia assessment or screening is questioned.     

Antidepressants may not assist recovery in practice: a naturalistic prospective survey.

A total of 130 people attending psychiatric hospitals within 6 months of onset or relapse of an episode of depressive disorder were interviewed about their symptoms and treatment at the time of their initial contact. After a mean 4-month interval, 119 were reassessed to test the hypothesis that patients treated with antidepressants would be significantly more likely to be clinically improved compared with those untreated. Severity and duration of the episode emerged as the only significant clinical predictors of clinical improvement. Patients on treatment with antidepressants at the start of the study showed a nonsignificant trend for a lesser degree of clinical improvement, even when clinical severity and compliance were taken into account. Those who were not commenced on treatment until later in the study also fared no better than those who were never prescribed antidepressants. The effect of low doses of antidepressants (almost always a tricyclic) appeared to be less beneficial than either higher doses or clinical management without antidepressant drugs. The need for further experimental and naturalistic studies conducted over various periods of time and the implications for clinical practice, medical audit and the appropriate use of health outcome indicators are discussed.     

The thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone as a predictor of response to treatment in depressed outpatients.

We evaluated the predictive value of the thyrotropin (TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in 32 depressed outpatients completing a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of s-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe), which failed to show any significant difference between SAMe and placebo. Treatment response was defined as the change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-24) score between baseline and the end of the six-week trial. Subjects with TSH response outside the normal range (7-25 uU/ml) had a significantly greater response than patients with a normal response. There was also a significant correlation between absolute deviations from the mean TSH response (16 uU/ml) and changes in HRSD-24 scores.     

Depression, Night Terrors, and Insomnia Associated With Long-Term Intrathecal Clonidine Therapy

Abstract:   Intraspinal clonidine is an effective adjunct to intrathecal/epidural opioid administration. We report a case of neuropathic pain treated with intraspinal analgesics in which depression, insomnia, and night terrors developed in association with intraspinal clonidine.     

腹腔注射细菌脂多糖加重大鼠的应激性抑郁症

目的 观察腹腔注射细菌脂多糖对大鼠应激性抑郁症的影响。方法 制备大鼠应激性抑郁症模型，采用开场实验检测大鼠的行为性抑郁，用MTT法测定淋巴细胞转化。结果 慢性应激16d，大鼠出现自主活动时间和中区逗留时间缩短、活动路程减少等抑郁性行为。腹腔注射细菌脂多糖加重大鼠的行为性抑郁，并加强应激大鼠血清对正常淋巴细胞转化的抑制作用。结论 腹腔注射细菌脂多糖加重大鼠的行为性抑郁，其原因可能与脂多糖引起的脑内炎性细胞因子的释放有关。     

在体诱导鼠脑皮层扩散性抑制研究

目的用KCl和针刺分别在鼠脑诱导皮层扩散性抑制（CSD），研究其在体成像和电生理特点。方法用针刺（n=10）和KCl（n=10）诱导鼠脑CSD，并用NaCl作对照（n=5），电生理记录和光学成像来描记CSD的产生与传播，并分析其特点。结果单次针刺可诱导一组同心圆样扩散波，KCl诱导多组不规则弧形扩散波，两者均伴随去极化电位的变化，且两者电位的变化无统计学差异（P〈0．05），在对照组没有这一现象的产生。结论KCl和针刺均可在体诱导鼠脑CSD，并通过光学成象（OISI）直接观测CSD的产生发展，与电生理观测结果一致，为进一步研究CSD的发生机制及其可能的作用提供了一种有效手段。     

Effect of electrical cutaneous stimulation on the level of succinate dehydrogenase activation and changes in glutamatergic synaptic transmission in response to sensory stimulation

It is shown that the rise of succinate dehydrogenase activity in the hippocampus depends on the number of sensory stimuli presented before decapitation, which correlates with changes in the efficiency of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in hippocampal sections from the same animal. Electrocutaneous stimulation potentiates the activation of succinate dehydrogenase induced by sensory stimulation probably due to enhanced glutamate release. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 4, pp. 404–407, April, 1997     

DSM-III-R personality disorders in outpatients with non-bipolar depression: The frequency in a sample of Japanese and the relationship to the 4-month outcome under adequate antidepressant therapy

Summary We investigated the frequency of personality disorders (PDs) and the relationship between the pressence of PD and the 4-month outcome of depression under adequate antidepressant therapy in a Japanese sample of 96 outpatients with non-bipolar major depression. The diagnosis of PD was made using a structured interiew method (the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders) and after severe depressive symptoms were reduced. Any one kind of PD was found in 54.2% of the saple. The most frequent was avidant (34–4%), obsessived-compulsive (22.9%), narcisstic (18.8%), and dependent (16.7%) PDs. The frequencies of these PDs in our study except narcisstic PD, were about the same as those reported in previous studies with a matched setting for the PD diagnosis. Compared with patients without PD, a worse outcome was found in patients with PD, especially patients with multiple PDs from multiple PD clussters. There was no evidence that a specific PD or PD cluster especially worsens the outcome of depression.