初中生主观幸福感与人格特征的关系研究

目的：探讨初中生主观幸福感与人格特征之间的关系。方法：采用中学生主观幸福感量表和EPQ对283名中学生进行调查。结果：(1)初中生的主观幸福感水平在中等程度以上，体验到的正性情感较多，但是仍有一定比例的学生体验到较强的不幸福感。男女生在总体幸福感、家庭满意感、自我满意感、同伴交往满意感和生活条件满意感上存在显著的差异，女生得分均高于男生。(2)总体幸福感及各因子与精神质和神经质显著负相关，与内外向显著正相关。结论：初中生主观幸福感与人格特征关系密切。     

Association between variation in the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 gene on chromosome 8p and anxiety-related personality traits

Vesicular monoamine transporters are involved in the presynaptic packaging of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin into storage vesicles. The vesicles release their content upon arrival of an action potential into the synaptic cleft. Dysregulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission has been long postulated to play a relevant role in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. The gene encoding the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1/SLC18A1) maps to chromosome 8p21, a region where several linkage peaks overlap between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and anxiety-related personality traits. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the missence variation Thr136Ile in the VMAT1/SLC18A1 gene is associated with anxiety-related personality traits. We tested a total of 337 unrelated subjects of German descent (167 male, 170 female). All participants were carefully screened for psychiatric disorders. The self-report State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was completed by all subjects. Genotypes were obtained for the Thr136Ile (rs1390938) variation in the VMAT1 gene for all subjects. Genotype effects on personality variables were computed with MANOVA including age as a co-variant and gender as independent factor (MANCOVA). Results show that STAI scores were significantly affected by genotype (F = 3.108; d.f. = 4,331; p = 0.015) and age (F = 7.233; d.f. = 2,331; p = 0.001) but not by gender. A gender-by-genotype effect was observed for both the STAI state (p = 0.052) and trait score (p = 0.035). Dissection of the group by gender and subsequent contrast analysis of the genotype effects performed within the female group showed significant results (STAI state: Thr/Ile vs. Ile/Ile: T = 4.408, p = 0.0004; STAI trait: Thr/Ile vs. Ile/Ile: T = 3.074, p = 0.009) but not in the male group. Our findings support the hypothesis that anxiety-related personality traits are associated with variation in the VMAT1/SLC18A1 gene.     

神经症的研究进展

目的探讨神经症的病因,防御机制,应对方式,心理治疗及药物治疗的研究进展,以便为其研究、预防和治疗工作提供科学依据。方法以最近20年国内外有关神经症研究的成果为基础,采用文献研究法分析总结了近50余篇有关的研究论文的研究成果。结果神经症患者多内向,情绪明显不稳定,神经质影响心理症状最大;他们的父母较正常人的父母对子女缺乏情感温暖,并有过度的拒绝和过度保护,家庭不和睦,其在发病前一年内负性生活事件数目与严重程度均高于对照组(P<0.01);情绪表达受限,生活单调乏味,父母采取不良教养方式,人际关系紧张等。患者存在防御上的不适当,多使用不成熟或中间型防御机制,缺乏良好的应对方式。心理疗法主要有支持心理治疗,森田疗法,认知领悟疗法和精神分析疗法;而药物以三环类药物,苯二氮卓类为主。药物与心理疗法相结合的疗效比单纯应用心理治疗或药物治疗要好。结论神经症的病因主要有人格特征,家庭环境,生活事件,教养方式,人际关系等。采用心理干预与药物治疗相结合的方法是目前比较公认的。     

公职人员的人格与心理健康研究

目的：针对政府公职人员群体的人格和心理健康状况及其相互间的关系进行研究。方法：抽取某市2142名政府机关公务员和985名公安民警，采用艾森克人格量表(EPQ)与症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行测量。结果：全体被试的SCL-90总分和除躯体化之外的各因子得分均显著低于全国常模，其中警察的总分又低于机关公务员。SCL-90分数存在年龄和性别差异。机关公务员与警察的人格无显著差异。被试SCL-90总分和各因子得分与其人格显著相关，其中与神经质的关联性最大。结论：公职人员整体的心理健康水平较好，但男性机关公务员及年长者的心理健康值得关注。神经质与心理健康高度关联。     

Psychophysiological characteristics of narcissism during active and passive coping

This study provides the first psychophysiological analysis of narcissism by measuring autonomic responses during active and passive anticipatory coping in 40 undergraduate men who scored high or low on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). Compared to the low NPI group, the high NPI group showed greater preejection period (PEP) shortening, cardiac deceleration, and skin conductance response (SCR) habituation during anticipation of an aversive stimulus (p < .02). As expected, SCR and PEP reactivity were greater during active than passive coping. In the case of PEP, this effect emerged only in the low NPI group; the high NPI group showed the greatest PEP reactivity during the first task, regardless of coping demands. These data support hypothesized relationships among narcissism, psychopathy, and psychological predictors of cardiovascular disease, and suggest that a psychobiological dimension may underlie important features of narcissism.     

疑病性神经症患者个性特征分析

目的 探讨疑病性神经症患者的人格特征,为临床心理干预提供参考依据.方法 采用MMIP量表对46例疑病性神经症患者进行测试,与中国常模比较.结果 疑病性神经症患者的MMPI分值以Hs、D、Hy、Pt最高,呈1-2-3-7型图形(P＜0.05～0.01);另有Pd、Pa和Sc量表也明显高于常模(P＜0.05～0.01).男女之间比较女性Hs、D、Hy、Mf和Pt显著高于男性组(P＜0.05～0.01).结论 疑病性神经症的发生与个性基础有关,MMIP对辅助评价疑病性神经症患者的人格特征有重要意义.     

住院网络成瘾青少年的父母养育方式与人格特征

目的探讨住院网络成瘾(Internet Addiction Disorder,IAD)青少年的父母养育方式及人格特征。方法采用网络成瘾临床诊断标准、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ),父母养育方式评定量表(EMBU),对596名被诊断为IAD的青少年施测,比较住院IAD者与对照组的差异。结果IAD青少年父亲情感温暖(FF1)分值低于对照组,过分干涉(FF3)、拒绝否认(FF5)分值高于对照组。IAD青少年的母亲情感温暖(MF1)分值亦低于对照组,而过分干涉保护(MF2)、拒绝否认(MF3)及惩罚严厉(MF4)因子均高于对照组(P<0.01)。IAD青少年的内外向(E)因子分明显低于对照组(P<0.01)、精神质(P)因子分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论住院IAD青少年存在不良的家庭教养方式,同时存在人格问题。     

筑路工人的人格类型与心理健康水平

目的 探讨和分析筑路工人的人格类型和心理健康状况.方法 采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对162名筑路工人的人格类型和心理健康水平的关系进行测评.结果 ①EPQ的E、N、P、L的得分均低于全国常模,并且稳定型人格尤其是外向稳定型人格是筑路工人的典型人格类型.②SCL-90的强迫、抑郁、焦虑3个因子的得分均高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);③不同人格类型筑路工人的心理健康水平存在明显差异,稳定型人格筑路工人的心理健康水平要明显好于不稳定型筑路工人.结论 筑路工人存在明显的心理健康问题,人格类型以外向稳定型为主.     

复发性抑郁患者的强迫症状及个性因素

目的探讨强迫症状对复发性抑郁障碍患者的影响以及复发性抑郁障碍患者个性因素分析。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90),结合临床,对56例复发性抑郁障碍患者进行评定;采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)对伴有强迫症状的复发性抑郁障碍患者42例与不伴强迫症状的复发性抑郁障碍患者14例进行对照研究。结果75%的患者伴有强迫症状,伴有强迫与无强迫患者相比EPQ的E分较低和N分较高,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论强迫症状是复发性抑郁障碍的一个重要的危险因素,人格因素中内向和神经质与强迫症状有关。     

重点高中生的心理状态与高考成绩的相关性研究

目的;了解重点高中学生的心理状态与高考成绩之间的关系。方法：以398例应届生为对象,应用16PF人格测验,气质测量工具（STI,TTI）及焦虑自评量表（SAS）,对考生进行测试分析,结果：文理科学生的16PF的人格特质有明显的差别,判别分析和多因素回归分析显示16PF人格特质中的Q1因素（实验性F＝8．76,P＜0．01）,Q2因素（独立性F＝8．23,P＜0．01）,与高考成绩呈正相关,与M因素（幻想性F＝4．88,P＜0．01）,呈负相关;气质中的神经过程灵活性（F＝8．15,P＜0．01）和时间特质中的灵活性（F＝12．36,P＜0．01）与高才成绩呈正相关。结论：高考生的实验性,独立性高分及幻想性低分的个性特质和气质上的灵活性有助于高考成绩的发挥,学生文理科分班宜参考学生人格特质这一特点,。