用混合细菌作指示生物评价工业废水综合毒性的实验研究

用混合细菌作指示生物，建立了富含重金属工业废水综合毒性的评价方法。结果表明，混合细菌总脱氢酶活性的抑制率（％）随工业废水中重金属浓度的增加而增加，按现行的国家《污水综合排放标准》（ＧＢ８９７８－８８）配制模拟混合废水、其中的重金属（Ｈｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ＋６、Ａｓ·Ｐｂ）浓度（Ｘ）与细菌总脱氢酶活性抑制率（Ｙ）之间的回归方程为：Ｙ＝－８．５＋２０．６Ｘ．相关系数（ｒ）＝０．９８４．二者呈直线相关性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。用这一回方程评价了长沙市８家工厂生产废水的综合毒性和一家工厂废水外理装置对废水综合毒性的去除效果，这一方法在实际应用上较为理想。     

Community lifestyle of Candida in mixed biofilms: a mini review

Candida is the most common human fungal pathogen that causes a variety of afflictions from superficial mucosal infections to deep mycoses . Biofilm formation is a major virulence factor of Candida , and more than 300 articles have been published on Candida biofilms over the past two decades. However, most of these data are on monospecies biofilms of Candida , and information on mixed-species Candida biofilms or bacteria– Candida combinations is still scarce. Yet, in nature, the yeast exist in a mixed milieu either in the oral cavity or in other habitats with a multitude of bacteria colonising mucosal surfaces within a shared community. This mini review describes the current knowledge on candidal–candidal or bacterial–candidal interactions in mixed-species biofilms. The underlying mechanisms of these interactions appear to depend on several factors relating to biofilm development, such as species and strains of organisms, nutritional factors, aerobiosis and related environmental factors. Although the fundamental nature of these interactions appears to be commensalism and antagonism, the emerging evidence based on novel molecular, proteomic and imaging tools indicates these biological mechanisms to be far more complex than hitherto recognised. Demystifying the mechanisms underlying the growth and development of mixed-species communities involving Candida will undoubtedly yield useful data for the effective management of microbial infections in general.     

五种常用口腔修复材料对细菌滞留影响的临床研究

目的:评价不同修复材料对牙周组织的潜在危害.方法:采用临床实验的方法观察了5种常用口腔修复材料在体内戴用2个月后的细菌粘附量及其种类.结果:(1)树脂粘附的微生物最多,其次为钴铬合金和镍铬合金,纯钛和Ⅲ型金合金最少;(2)G-杆菌在树脂组明显多于钴铬合金和镍铬合金组,在纯钛和Ⅲ型金合金上粘附最少.对于G-球菌,树脂组明显多于钴铬合金、镍铬合金和纯钛组,Ⅲ型金合金组最少.白色念珠菌在树脂组有少量粘附,但在4种牙科金属上粘附量极少.结论:从对牙周组织的危害程度看,纯钛和Ⅲ型金合金应为临床医生的首选材料,其次为钴铬合金和镍铬合金.     

病灶根治对扁桃体炎合并肾炎的疗效观察

目的　探讨病灶根治对慢性扁桃体炎合并肾炎的疗效。方法　对与肾炎反复发作相关的慢性扁桃体炎患者 ,根据咽拭子细菌培养结果选用敏感的抗生素静脉滴注 2周 ,然后在局麻下行扁桃体剥离手术并将扁桃体及其隐窝内分泌物送细菌室进行培养、并做药物敏感试验。通过测定手术前、术后 1周、2周、4周、1年的2 4h尿蛋白定量及 1h尿RBC计数的变化评价治疗效果。结果　扁桃体内培养出的致病菌依次为 :需氧菌中 ,β 溶血性链球菌 (5 7% )、葡萄球菌 (2 0 % )、肺炎链球菌 (11% )、流感嗜血杆菌 (7% )、绿脓杆菌 (5 % ) ,最常见的厌氧菌是类杆菌 ,自手术后 4周起血尿、蛋白尿明显减少 (P <0 .0 5 )。随访 1年以上无复发。结论　病灶根治对于慢性扁桃体炎合并肾炎的疗效显著。     

沂南县饮食业菜刀细菌污染的调查

为了解本县部分餐饮业菜刀细菌污染情况,采用纸片粘贴法采样192把菜刀,用发酵培养法检测,并对生熟切菜刀的细菌污染状况进行比较。结果,103把切生菜刀大肠菌群几何均数为1.0×103 cfu/cm2,89把切熟菜刀为6.4 cfu/cm2;切生菜刀致病菌检出率为7.29％,切熟菜刀检出率为1.12％,前者污染率明显高于后者。经统计学处理,有非常显著性差异(P<0.001)。     

外源性糖对口腔细菌产生过氧化氢能力的影响

目的：研究不同外源性糖对口腔细菌产生过氧化氢能力的影响。方法：采用酚红还原－微量板法测定１５株口腔细菌在４种外源性糖作用下，细菌孵育液上清中的过氧化氢含量。结果：口腔不同细菌利用葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖产生过氧化氢的能力有很大差异，血链球菌ＡＴＣＣ１０５５６、ＡＴＣＣ１０５５７、唾液链球菌ＨＨＴ等在蔗糖和麦芽糖的作用下，其产生的过氧化氢量高于葡萄糖和乳糖，而变形链球菌ＪＨ１４５、具核梭杆菌ＷＤＣ９７－１１除乳糖略低外，其它３种糖则大致相同。牙龈紫质单胞菌、粘性放线菌、中间普氏菌、伴放线放线杆菌在各实验组中均不产生过氧化氢。结论：口腔细菌产生过氧化氢的能力受外源性糖的影响，各种细菌对外源性糖反应不一，即使是同一种细菌也因菌株不同而有很大差异，提示这些细菌在糖分解或糖酵解中的途径可能不同。     

二株大肠杆菌对冷热抗力的比较

将大肠杆菌分别存放于4℃冰箱与37℃温箱中,经不同时间检测其存活数量。结果,在2种温度下,大肠杆菌8099株的存活率均高于大肠杆菌 ATCC 25922株者。     

Microbial identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing, an aid for patients refractory to periodontal therapy

Abstract The importance of microbial surveillance is illustrated in 3 clinical cases. Each case demonstrated a continued lack of response to conventional periodontal treatment. Repeated bouts of periodontal abscess formation and bone Joss occurred over a 3- to 4- year period, despite numerous surgeries supplemented with antibiotics. As a result, patients were termed refractory to treatment and extensive microbiological analysis and sensitivity testing was performed. Following institution of the appropriate antibiotic and conservative therapy consisting of several sessions of scaling and root planing, each of these cases demonstrated a dramatic remission of disease progression. No further breakdown has been seen for a minimum of 21/2, years. While anecdotal in nature, these cases support the usefulness of microbial identification coupled with antibiotic sensitivity as an adjunct to conventional conservative periodontal therapy.     

滨州市部分地面水体细菌耐药性分析

目的 为了了解滨州市内地面水体中细菌的耐药性,并探讨其与耐药质粒谱之间的关系.方法 采集滨州市内4个地面水体的水样,分别检测水样菌落形成单位(colony-forming unit,CFU)以及氨苄青霉素耐药率,用K-B法对氨苄青霉素耐药菌株分别做7种不同抗生素的药敏试验,然后提取这些菌株的质粒,用EcorI酶切质粒电泳后分析酶切质粒谱.结果 样本氨苄青霉素耐药率达11.7%～49.8%.氨苄青霉素耐药菌株对其他3种不同的抗生素分别有12.5%～25%不等的耐药性,未找到耐西拉司丁钠的菌株.耐氨苄青霉素以及一种非β内酰胺类抗生素的菌株占32.5%,耐氨苄青霉素以及两种或者以上的非β内酰胺类抗生素的菌株占20%.酶切质粒谱共找到从815 bp～12.2 kb的63种大小不等的酶切片断.结论 滨州市地面水体中细菌耐药性普遍存在,且多重耐药性明显;对细菌耐药性的监测是十分有意义而且有必要的.