团体训练克服大学生人际敏感效果评价

目的了解人际交往团体训练克服大学生人际敏感的效果,探讨克服大学生人际敏感的有效方法。方法选取10名人际敏感的大学生为咨询对象,进行为期8周的人际交往团体训练。结果团体训练前后比较,SCL-90人际敏感因子得分分别为(2.60±0.38)和(1.90±0.26)分,差异有显著性(t=8.10,P<0.001);主观评价显示团体成员发生了积极、显著的变化。结论人际交往团体训练能有效克服大学生人际敏感。     

医学院校人际关系与交往艺术选修课程教学的思考

目的 探讨医学院校人际关系与交往艺术选修课程的教学方法与教学效果.方法 采用教师讲授与演示相结合、案例分析法、模拟教学法、游戏教学法、实践训练教学法等多种教学方法,并对选修本门课程的学生进行问卷调查以了解教学效果.结果 学生对本门课程的教学感到满意,认为教学内容实用,扩展了他们人际交往方面的知识,提高了他们的人际交往能力.结论 医学院校开设人际关系与交往艺术课程非常必要,学生通过学习,可以奠定良好的人际交往认知基础,掌握人际交往的基本原则和方法,懂得人际交往的基本礼仪知识;而教师良好的教学艺术及行为,以及针对不同的教学内容采用适宜的教学方法是提高教学效果、实现教学目标的重要保证.     

计算机游戏对青少年友谊和自尊的影响

目的 探讨计算机游戏与青少年友谊和自尊之间的关系,以便为青少年计算机游戏成瘾的干预提供依据。方法采用自制计算机游戏调查问卷、需要调查表以及自尊量表等对青少年200名进行调查。结果计算机游戏与女生友谊无关,与男生友谊有关,“电子友谊”观在男性青少年中得到某些支持,但游戏并不导致社会隔绝;计算机游戏与女生自尊无关,但男生游戏频率与自尊呈负相关,游戏总量不影响青少年的自尊。结论计算机游戏对男女青少年友谊和自尊的影响存在一定差异。     

Evaluation of an assertiveness training program on nursing and medical students' assertiveness, self-esteem, and interpersonal communication satisfaction

This study's objective was to evaluate the effect of an assertiveness training program on nursing and medical students' assertiveness, self-esteem, and interpersonal communication satisfaction. Using a longitudinal research design, 69 participants whose scores on the Assertive Scale were < or = 50% (i.e., low assertiveness) and who were willing to participate were included and assigned to an experimental group (33 subjects) or comparison group (36 participants; participants were matched with the experimental group by grade and sex). Participants in the experimental group received eight 2-h sessions of assertiveness training once a week. Data were collected before and after training and again one month after the end of the training using the Rotter's Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement Scale, Sex Role Inventory, Assertive Scale, Esteem Scale, and Interpersonal Communication Satisfaction Inventory. The generalized estimated equation (GEE) method was used for statistical analysis. The assertiveness and self-esteem of the experimental group were significantly improved in nursing and medical students after assertiveness training, although interpersonal communication satisfaction of the experimental group was not significantly improved after the training program.     

Internalized stigma predicts erosion of morale among psychiatric outpatients

Stigma in society causes harm to people with severe mental illness (SMI) and internalized stigma represents its psychological point of impact. We evaluated the extent of internalized stigma in a sample of outpatients with SMI, using the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale, developed with consumer input. About a third of the sample reported high levels of internalized stigma. We tested whether internalized stigma predicted increased depressive symptoms and reduced self-esteem at 4-month follow-up, controlling for baseline levels. Depression was predicted by Alienation, Stereotype Endorsement, Social Withdrawal Scales and total ISMI score. Reduced self-esteem was predicted by Alienation. ISMI results were stronger than those for the widely used Devaluation–Discrimination Scale. The finding that alienation further reduces morale speaks to the difficulty of pulling oneself out of this type of vicious cycle without assistance.     

Interpersonal psychotherapy adapted for the group setting in the treatment of postpartum depression

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) has demonstrated efficacy in the individual treatment of antepartum and postpartum depression. The current investigation extends prior work by examining the efficacy of a group IPT approach for the treatment of postpartum depression. Depression scores of 17 women diagnosed with postpartum depressive disorder (DSM-IV criteria) decreased significantly from pre- to post-treatment. Follow-up assessments at 6 months revealed continuation of the treatment effect. Results indicate that IPT adapted for a group model has positive implications for the treatment of postpartum depression, demonstrating both short-term and longer-term effects in the reduction of depressive symptomatology. Study limitations include the small sample size, absence of control group, possible bias in therapist's assessments, and lack of monitoring adherence, which may have jeopardized the accuracy of the results.     

The Importance of Offense Characteristics,Victimization History,Hostility, and Social Desirability in Assessing Empathy of Male Adolescent Sex Offenders

Empathy has been a focus of work with sex offenders; however, there are a limited number of studies supporting this as a deficit. The study investigated the reliability and validity of 3 scales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)—Empathic Concern [EC], Perspective-Taking [PT], and Personal Distress [PD]—within a clinical sample. These scales were also used to examine the differences in empathy among groups of sex offenders. One hundred and twenty-three male adolescent sex offenders (ages 12–19) completed a battery of psychometric measures that included the IRI during a sex-offender-specific assessment. Moderate internal consistency and convergent validity was established for IRI scales. Age and social desirability were related to IRI scores. Victim empathy was not related to IRI scores. Justifications and acceptance of sexual and interpersonal violence were negatively correlated to EC and positively correlated to PD. Those who committed violent offenses reported more EC and PT; however, a generally hostile temperament was negatively related to these scales. Group differences were not found when contrasted with respect to a history of sexual or physical victimization or denial. Researchers using the IRI with male adolescent sex offenders should be cautious of the influence of age and socially desirable responding.     

医学院校人际关系与交往艺术选修课程教学的思考

目的 探讨医学院校人际关系与交往艺术选修课程的教学方法与教学效果.方法 采用教师讲授与演示相结合、案例分析法、模拟教学法、游戏教学法、实践训练教学法等多种教学方法,并对选修本门课程的学生进行问卷调查以了解教学效果.结果 学生对本门课程的教学感到满意,认为教学内容实用,扩展了他们人际交往方面的知识,提高了他们的人际交往能力.结论 医学院校开设人际关系与交往艺术课程非常必要,学生通过学习,可以奠定良好的人际交往认知基础,掌握人际交往的基本原则和方法,懂得人际交往的基本礼仪知识;而教师良好的教学艺术及行为,以及针对不同的教学内容采用适宜的教学方法是提高教学效果、实现教学目标的重要保证.