Suppression of alcohol and saccharin preference in rats by a novel Ca2+ channel inhibitor,Goe 5438

The effect of the novel 1,4-dihydronaphthyridine Ca²⁺ channel inhibitor Goe 5438 (CI-951) on voluntary ethanol consumption was examined in selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats in a free choice two bottle preference test versus water. Intraperitoneally injected Goe 5438 dose-dependently (5, 10 or 20 µmol/kg, twice daily) inhibited ethanol and increased water intake over the 24 h period (injection day). The drug decreased ethanol preference, originally above 90%, by 6%, 19% and 45% at respective doses, on the injection day. That inhibitory effect of the highest dose of Goe 5438 on ethanol preference remained significant also on days 2 and 3 after injections (–51% and –18%, respectively). Goe 5438, in the highest dose, also tended to decrease granulated chow consumption during the injection day only. To further test whether the inhibition of ethanol preference is secondary to decrease in reinforcing properties of ethanol and not due to interference with satiety mechanisms, we compared the effect of two higher doses (10 and 20 µmol/kg, intraperitoneally, twice daily) of Goe 5438 on spontaneous preference for a non-caloric 0.04% saccharin solution in Sprague-Dawley rats. We observed a dose-dependent suppression of preference (by 44% and 58%, respectively) during the injection day, but not the subsequent 24 h period. However, Goe 5438 also significantly alleviated food pellet intake on the injection day. In conclusion, Goe 5438 produces potent and long-lasting inhibition of voluntary ethanol consumption, which may be secondary to attenuation of reinforcing properties of ethanol. Additionally, this particular Ca²⁺ channel inhibitor appears to have mild anorectic properties which may be conducive to acute suppression of alcohol intake.     

精神分裂症患者6～11岁子女行为问题及相关因素对照研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者6~11岁子女行为问题及相关因素。方法对山东省11所精神病医院(科)1999年6月~2000年6月间住院,符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第2版修订本精神分裂症诊断的患者6~11岁子女(研究组)217名及正常人群子女(对照组)191名,采用自编心理卫生相关问题调查表(包括50个项目),Achenback儿童行为问题问卷(CBCL),进行登门调查,对照研究。结果研究组男、女童CBCL总分为(10.05±7.83)及(11.26±14.07),差异无显著性(P>0.05),但男女童研究组均高于对照组,差异极显著(P<0.00)。CBCL因子得分及家庭环境、教养情况,研究组与对照组比较,差异有显著性。结论精神分裂症患者6~11岁子女行为问题较多,受生物、心理、社会等多方面因素影响。     

老年人健康行为与心理健康关系的调查

目的探讨老年人的健康行为与心理健康之间的关系。方法采用候玉波等编制的健康行为量表和症状自评量表（SCL-90）对300名老年人进行测试,并进行相关分析。结果不同年龄和文化程度老年人在健康行为与心理健康方面有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;参与活动与心理健康水平呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）;心理应激、不良生活习惯与心理健康呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）。结论积极参与各项活动、减少各种心理应激和建立良好的生活习惯有利于提高老年人的心理健康水平。     

Comparison of transfer and distribution of technetium and rhenium in radish plants from nutrient solution

Tracer experiments were carried out to compare the plant uptake behavior of Tc and Re from nutrient solutions. Radish plants, transplanted to nutrient solution including various tracers, showed the same uptake and distribution of ^95mTc and ¹⁸³Re. The trend was the same when the ⁹⁹Tc and stable-Re concentrations were increased in nutrient solution. The behavior of other elements was different from that of Tc and Re. These findings suggest the possible use of Re as the chemical analogue of Tc in soil solution to plant uptake experiments.     

胃类癌生物学行为及与预后关系的临床研究

目的分析胃类癌特有的生物学行为与肿瘤预后之间的关系。方法总结1964年1月至2005年1月间收治的26例经手术切除、病理证实的胃类癌病例资料,对其肿瘤大小、胃壁侵犯深度、区域淋巴结转移、肝转移、术后辅助化疗和5年生存率进行分析。结果本组患者平均年龄58岁。其中18例(69.2%)肿瘤侵犯胃浆膜;12例(46.2%)有区域淋巴结转移;10例(38.5%)术后接受辅助化疗;14例(53.8%)在随访中出现肝转移。肿瘤大小与胃壁侵犯深度、区域淋巴结转移和肝转移的发生及5年生存率无关(P>0.05)。生存分析提示浆膜浸润、淋巴结转移和肝转移影响生存时间(P<0.05)。有浆膜浸润、淋巴结转移和肝转移的患者5年生存率分别为16.7%、16.7%和0,预后较差;化疗与否5年生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胃类癌术后辅助化疗并无益处,其预后与肿瘤的浸润深度、淋巴结转移和肝转移有关。     

Characteristics of apathy in Parkinson's disease.

The objective of this study was to use the Lille Apathy Rating Scale to assess apathy in a large population of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and identify several different apathy profiles. One hundred fifty-nine patients with probable PD and 58 healthy controls participated in the study. Apathy was assessed using the Lille Apathy Rating Scale. Motor, cognitive, and depressive symptoms were rated on standardized scales. Data were analyzed using linear regression and multivariate analyses of variance. Thirty-two percent of the PD patients were classified as apathetic. Apathy was more frequent in patients with dementia. The four apathy dimensions contributed differently to the overall severity of the apathetic condition. Action initiation and intellectual curiosity had a marked influence. Linear regression analysis revealed that the apathy level was mainly determined by cognitive impairment, not associated with the severity of motor symptoms, and only associated with the apathy subcomponent of the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Apathy is highly prevalent in PD patients. Apathy profiles vary according to the clinical presentation of PD. The high prevalence of apathy in PD suggests the involvement of frontal-subcortical circuits. Although the neurochemical substrate of apathy remains poorly characterized, the strong link between apathy and cognitive impairment observed in several studies suggests the participation of nondopaminergic circuits.     

Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Psychotic Disorders: Current Issues and Future Developments

There is accumulating evidence, reviewed by Caudiano (this issue), that cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an effective adjunct treatment for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia treatment and research provides a range of challenges that are probably not present in other mental health problems. These include contextual issues, clinical issues, scientific and methodological issues, practical and pragmatic issues, public concern, and human rights issues. This paper discusses these issues with emphasis on the clinical and research challenges for the future.     

大鼠红核和颈段皮质脊髓背侧束联合损伤模型的建立

目的　为研究脊髓损伤后的可塑性变化 ,建立大鼠红核和皮质脊髓背侧束 (dCST)联合损伤模型。方法　立体定位仪下 ,致伤颈 3dCST和双侧红核 ,甲苯胺蓝染色显示损伤范围。示踪剂观测皮质脊髓腹侧束 (vCST)的出芽情况 ;同时 ,评定大鼠前肢功能的变化情况。结果　精确地致伤红核和dCST后 ,vCST的出芽数量和大鼠前肢功能评分成显著负相关 (P <0 0 1)。结论　大鼠红核和dCST联合损伤模型是研究脊髓损伤后可塑性变化的良好模型     

低温保存动脉的粘弹性力学评价指标的初步建立

目的 建立低温保存动脉的粘弹性力学评价指标.方法 使用动态力学分析仪(DMA-2980, TA Instruments, New Castle, Delaware, USA) 比较研究不同低温保存方案下动脉蠕变行为与新鲜对照组的差异.结果 低温保存动脉相对新鲜对照组而言,其粘弹性均有损失;随降温速率的增加(1.5, 5, 10℃/min),其粘弹性损失趋于增加,即1.5℃/min 为本研究中最佳降温速率.结论 粘弹性力学性能是低温保存动脉的潜在的重要评价指标.