AIDS: Awareness and blood handling practices of health care workers in Lagos,Nigeria

A questionnaire survey of 260 health care workers from 13 randomly selected health care facilities was undertaken. Their knowledge, attitude, belief and blood handling practices regarding HIV/AIDS were enquired about. Virtually all (99.0%) respondents had heard about AIDS but only 57.0% had seen an AIDS patient before. Although 83.0% knew that AIDS is caused by a virus, a high proportion still confuses mode of transmission with causative agent. Deficient knowledge was exhibited when asked about groups of people who were at a higher risk of contracting HIV and AIDS: Only 54.6% and 51.5% identified homosexuals and IV drug users as being at a higher risk. Almost all (97.0%) of our respondents claimed to have been more careful in their blood handling practices since the emergence of AIDS, 68.5% wore gloves for all procedures involving handling of blood and 28.5% sometimes although as many as 30.4%, 40.4% and 18.1% do not wear gloves for cleaning up blood stained materials, nursing procedures and taking obstetric delivery respectively. It was evident from their responses that not all the health workers knew the correct method for disposing of used bloodstained instruments and left-over blood samples and neither were they all adhering to the safety guidelines recommended for handling these materials. Education of all health care workers in Nigeria on the Universal Precautions Guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1987 regarding blood, body fluids and contaminated instruments' handling precautions is urgently recommended.     

The'Lightspeed'preparation technique evaluated by Swiss clinicians after attending continuing education courses

This survey evaluated acceptance of the Lightspeed canal preparation (LS) technique by Swiss practitioners. The technique was introduced to Switzerland inJune 1994and 10 other continuing education (CE) courses were held at the Zurich Dental School by July 1995. Acceptance was assessed by posting questionnaires to the CE course attendees. Of the 305 questionnaires posted, 177 (58%) were returned. Of the CE participants 80% had used the technique with 60% finding the method easier and 43% finding it quicker than their usual preparation techniques. Of the respondents 58% used the technique on all tooth types and 76% of the LS users had fractured an instrument at least once. Amongst others, fractures were caused by too much pressure (25%), incorrect insertion angles (17%) and by a complicated root morphology (15%). Fractures occurred high up on the instrument shaft (74%) and near the tip (7%). Working lengths were claimed by 62% to be easier to maintain by LS than their usual preparation techniques. Among the respondents 52% obturated LS prepared canals more easily and quickly compared with their usual preparation techniques. Only 10% of LS users would not recommend the technique, but those who would suggested that proper tuition was necessary to minimize the risk of instrument fracture. The LS technique was positively assessed by clinicians who attended the CE courses in Switzerland where endodontics is not accepted as a speciality     

呼和浩特地区11070名中,小学生视力调查分析

本文共测试了１１０７０名呼和浩特市城区和在区中、小学生的视力。结果是：引起学生视力低下的主要原因为近视，且近视的检出率和重度近视随年龄增长而增加，特别是在１３～１８岁年龄组更为明显；近视检出率城区学生明显高于农区学生（μ＞２．５８，ｐ＜０．０１），但是，无论城区学生或农区学生，女生的检出率分别都明显高于男生（μ＞２．５８，Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

老年病人鼻饲营养调查

对11名69～83岁不能自然进食的男性鼻饲病人进行了全面的营养调查,平均每人每日热能摄取为1722kcal,而热能消耗在1300～1700kcal之间。蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化物每人每日平均摄入82.4、72.5、185.0g,分别占总产热量19.1、37.9、和43.0％。动物蛋白质和动物脂肪分别占总蛋白和总脂肪的71.9和69.3％,蛋白质量较优。脂肪总量虽不太高,但占总产热量偏大,碳水化物嫌少,而(?)(?)(?)投入939mg,摄入过多。钙、磷、铁摄入充裕,可满足需要。维生素A、核黄素也可满足需要,但硫胺素、尼克酸和抗坏血酸摄入量不足。这些都还需要改进。     

医学院校教师对课题责任人负责制认知的调查分析

目的通过6所医学院校的教师对PI制认知的调查，探讨医学院校实行课题责任人负责制的可行性及管理模式的运行机制。方法采取抽样调查法以无记名方式随机发放调查问卷表，运用SAS软件进行数据统计处理。结果教师对课题责任人负责制知晓度较高，认为利大于弊，对学校科研工作的发展有重要作用。结论实行课题责任人负责制需加大科研投入，搭建公共服务技术平台，建立合理的科研目标和考核指标，形成与中国高校实际相适应的科研管理体制，使课题责任人拥有更多的自主权和宽松的学术环境。     

沈阳市某农村社区居民健康状况分析

目的：了解沈阳市农村社区居民健康状况及主要健康问题,为农村健康促进工作提供基础资料。方法：采用随机抽样的方法,选择东陵区某中等经济水平农村社区18岁以上成年人进行一般状况调查及健康体检。结果：本社区居民超重和肥胖、高血粘、血压异常、脂肪肝、咽炎、尿路感染、女性阴道炎检出率较高,分别为48.0%,41.5%,33.8%,27.1%,20.7%,7.0%,47.5%。结论：该社区需加强健康教育和健康促进为主导的综合干预措施,进一步促进农村社区人群健康状况。     

住院医师规范化培训与临床实习并轨模式下临床实习生满意度调查

目的　通过开展住院医师规范化培训与临床实习并轨模式下临床实习生对科室和带教教师的满意度调查,探求如何进一步推进临床实习工作。方法　采用整群抽样方式,自行设计量表,量表内容包括：教学工作重视程度、实习安排合理性、教学活动开展情况、教学活动开展质量、出科考核情况、带教教师医德医风示范性、教师带教态度及教师理论知识的传授情况、教师指导医疗操作情况、教师病历修改情况等。对2018年7月至2019年6月某医院临床专业实习生开展问卷调查。采用SPSS 22.0进行两独立样本的t检验或秩和检验方法,多组数据分析采用方差分析。结果　共发放调查问卷1 230份,收回1 195份,有效回收率97.15%。该医院临床实习生总体满意度为（9.62±0.39）分。实习生对带教教师医德医风示范性的评价最高[（9.75±0.78）分],对各科室教学活动开展质量的评价最低[（9.52±1.15）分],各项评价之间差异有统计学意义（F=7.30,P<0.001）。结论　各教研室、各科室在医院推行住院医师规范化培训与临床实习并轨模式下,按要求完成各项带教任务,但教学质量和内涵建设有待加强。     

脂质比值与代谢综合征的关联及预测价值评价：基于多阶段横断面研究

背景 随着代谢性疾病发病率的上升,代谢综合征(MS)的预防与控制引起广泛的关注。而脂质比值是重要的筛查指标之一,与MS之间的关系成为热点研究话题。目的 基于贵州省多阶段横断面研究人群分析三酰甘油/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(TG/HDL-C)、总胆固醇/HDL-C(TC/HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/HDL-C(LDL-C/HDL-C)及非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)与MS发病风险的关联及预测价值评价。方法 回顾性选取贵州省参与2010年全国疾病监测地区慢性病及危险因素调查、2013年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测、2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测和2018年中国成人慢性病与营养监测的21 727例自然人群为研究对象,收集研究对象的基线资料,根据是否患有MS将研究对象分为MS组(n=4 981)和非MS组(n=16 746)。绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分别评价男性和女性TG/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C和non-HDL-C对MS的预测价值。通过Delong检验比较脂质比值预测MS发生的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)的差异。采用多因素Logistic回...     

Attitudes toward male fertility control: results of a multinational survey on four continents

BACKGROUND: Following extensive research activity to develop an effective agent to control male fertility, such a product may be available for use within approximately 5 years. However, little is known concerning contraceptive knowledge, desires and attitudes of men in different countries, and their acceptance of male fertility control (MFC). METHODS: A survey of >9000 males aged 18-50 years was performed in nine countries on four continents in 2002. The objective was to compare, on a cross-cultural basis, the knowledge, attitudes and acceptability of MFC among men and assess their willingness to use such a method. RESULTS: Between 50 and 83% of the male respondents currently use contraceptive methods, and 55-81.5% reported that both partners participate in selecting the method of contraception employed. Overall acceptance of hormonal MFC was high (>55%), with 28.5-71.4% of survey participants of various nationalities expressing the willingness to use such a method. CONCLUSION: While MFC appears to be well accepted overall, the willingness to use this type of contraception varies widely between differing population groups. The specific characteristics and profile of any MFC product will have to be carefully evaluated to accurately assess its acceptance, both by men and their female partners.     

儿童智商与父母智商的相关性

目的：通过对儿童智商（IQ）与父母亲IQ和IQ分项相关研究，探讨儿童IQ和父母亲IQ的深层关系。方法：在合肥市某中学、小学和幼儿园，分别按年龄和性别分层，随机抽取4-14岁健康儿童206名及其父母作为研究对象，应用韦氏智力量表（成人和儿童）测定儿童和其父母的IQ，填写自编的影响儿童智力发育因素调查问卷。最后在考虑儿童的年龄、性别、克托莱指数（Quetelet index）和是否独生子女等可能混杂因素下将儿童的总IQ、语言IQ和操作IQ与其父母的总IQ、语言IQ、操作IQ和IQ分项进行多元逐步回归分析。结果：按F〉2．0标准，儿童总IQ与父母亲总IQ成正相关（偏相关系数分别为0．50和0．22）；儿童语言IQ与母亲算术、母亲知识、父亲算术、父亲拼物成正相关（偏相关系数0.23-0．37）；儿童操作IQ和母亲积木图案、母亲拼物和父亲拼物成正相关（偏相关系数0．31-0．50）。结论：父母亲的总IQ和父母IQ分项中的算术、拼物、积木图案和知识等对儿童总IQ、语言IQ和操作IQ影响最大。