Effects of mailed preoperative instructions on learning and anxiety

This study sought to contrast mailing a booklet to accomplish preoperative instruction with teaching performed by nurses after hospital admission. Sixty-six patients were studied in a 700-bed medical center and were assigned to three teaching groups and a control group which did not receive teaching. The researcher compared the four groups preoperatively after admission to determine the patients' knowledge and ability to perform surgical exercises, as well as their anxiety levels.

Findings were that patients who received a booklet by mail preadmission learned surgical exercises equally well compared to patients taught postadmission, and mastered significantly more exercise behaviors than those receiving no instruction. No statistical difference in anxiety level was found among groups. One may infer that mailing preadmission material should be considered as an effective teaching mode and alternative to postadmission instruction.     

江苏省不同经济地区社区居民健康状况调查

目的　了解不同经济地区社区居民常见病的患病情况 ,分析其健康状况。方法　对江苏省不同经济地区 4城市用整群随机抽样法 ,对 2 82 45名居民进行入户询问调查。结果　社区居民慢性病患病率南京市为 44 9%、徐州市为 37 0 %、昆山市为 2 8 4 %、濉宁市为 2 3 9%,4者间差别有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。 5 5岁以上居民患 2种及以上疾病的患病率为 35 0 %,患 1种为 30 1%,高血压患病率为 10 3%。结论　经济发展水平不同的地区中慢性病的病种及患病率也有所不同 ,应在开展社区卫生服务时有所侧重 ,老年人仍是社区卫生服务的重点。     

Evidence for differential effects of 8-OH-DPAT on male and female rats in the Anxiety/Defense Test Battery

The Proxemics/Activity test and the Eat/Drink test, two components of the Anxiety/Defense Test Battery, were developed to measure defensive reactions to situations associated with a natural predator (cat). In the present studies the behavioral effects of 8-OH-DPAT treatment (0.01–1.0 mg/kg, SC) were entirely consistent with anxiety/fear reduction. These effects included an increase in time spent near the cat compartment, and a complimentary decrease in time spent farthest from this compartment, together with an increase in transits and locomote behavior. 8-OH-DPAT (1.0 mg/kg) also increased eat frequencies and durations (highly preferred food) both during and following cat presentation, without influencing drinking. This finding is discussed with reference to previous findings with 8-OH-DPAT in studies assessing both food intake and anxiolysis. Interestingly, 8-OH-DPAT was more potent in a majority of its effects in female subjects, a finding consistent with recent neurochemical data. These findings provide important behavioral evidence for a sexual differentiation in 5-HT function, and support the case for greater emphasis on female subjects in animal models of anxiety.Supported by NIH MH42803 and RCMI Grants RR03061 and RR01825     

Depression and anxiety disorders associated with headache frequency. The Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study

The aim of this large cross‐sectional population‐based study was to examine the association between migraine, non‐migrainous headache and headache frequency with depression, and anxiety disorders. From 1995 to 1997, all 92 566 inhabitants aged 20 years and above in Nord‐Trøndelag County in Norway were invited to participate in the Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study (‘Helseundersøkelsen i Nord‐Trøndelag’ = HUNT‐2). A total of 64 560 participated, whereof 51 383 subjects (80%) completed a headache questionnaire that was included. Of these 51 383 individuals, 47 257 (92%) completed the depression subscale items and 43 478 (85%), the anxiety subscale items of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Associations were assessed in multivariate analyses, estimating prevalence odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Depression and anxiety disorders as measured by HADS, were significantly associated with migraine (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 2.3–3.2; OR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.8–3.6) and non‐migrainous headache (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 2.0–2.5; OR = 2.7, 95% CI 2.4–3.0) when compared with headache‐free individuals. The association was stronger for anxiety disorders than for depression. The ORs for depression and anxiety disorders amongst both migraine and non‐migrainous sufferers increased with increasing headache frequency. Depression and anxiety disorders are associated with both migraine and non‐migrainous headache, and this association seems more dependent on headache frequency than diagnostic category.     

Smoking in Pregnancy and Parenthood: What is the Role of Depression, Anxiety and Nicotine Addiction?

This paper presents some of the findings from the Smoking in Pregnancy study of attitudes towards smoking among pregnant women, mothers of young children and their partners in East Surrey. As part of the study, respondents completed a General Health Questionnaire to identify mental health difficulties and, if they were smoking at the time of the study, they also completed the Fagerstrom nicotine addiction test. Eleven female respondents had high scores on the General Health Questionnaire, suggesting symptoms of depression, anxiety and/or social dysfunction for these women. There was no evidence that smokers were suffering from greater mental health difficulties than ex-smokers or non-smokers. However, the General Health Questionnaire scores of smokers were positively associated with their level of nicotine dependence. Furthermore, when General Health Questionnaire scores of all respondents were compared with self-reported health status there was a marked discrepancy suggesting under-reporting of symptoms by women.     

应用荧光探针H2DCF-DA检测光照致细胞内活性氧产生的初步研究

目的应用荧光显微镜及新型荧光探针H2DCF-DA检测在光源照射过程中人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(ECV304)内活性氧的产生情况。方法将ECV304细胞接种于35mm培养皿中,24h后加入H2DCF-DA,使其终浓度为10μmol/L,孵育30min。利用荧光显微镜的激发光源作为照射光源,在采集荧光图像的同时完成光源照射,光源输出波长范围为460～490nm,功率密度约为100mW/cm2。连续采集DCF的荧光图,观察细胞内DCF荧光的变化情况,采用计算机图像处理和分析技术,求得细胞内不同照射时间点DCF平均荧光强度,进而得到平均荧光强度-时间曲线。另外,使用线粒体特异标记探针MitoFluorRed589与H2DCF-DA共同孵育细胞,分别采集同一细胞的DCF的荧光图和MitoFluorRed589的荧光图,并利用像素-荧光强度分析方法来确定DCF荧光在细胞内的分布位置。结果在光源照射的开始阶段,ECV304细胞内的DCF荧光强度迅速增加,在第10s时便上升至第2s时的2.2倍,但是随着照射时间逐渐延长,荧光强度增幅逐渐变小,到第60s时上升至第2s时的4.7倍。观察时间进一步延长,DCF的荧光强度的变化似乎进入平台期,继而开始出现下降。考察DCF荧光在ECV304细胞内的分布位置主要通过比较细胞内不同区域的I1/I2值,通过图像分析与计算得到线粒体区、细胞核区以及细胞质非线粒体区内I1/I2值分     

盐酸帕罗西汀治疗躯体疾病伴发焦虑的疗效观察

目的：评价盐酸帕罗西汀治疗躯体疾病伴发焦虑的疗效。方法：对我院2002年1月-2003年．3月内外科躯体疾患伴发焦虑患者进行开放性平行对照研究，对照组用多虑平治疗，为期六周，采用HAMA、CGI量表评定临床效果，以TESS评定不良反应。结果：共65例(帕罗西汀31例，多虑平组34例)，临床判断帕罗西汀与多虑平的显效率分别为66．7％和69．4％，无显著差异，治疗后一周，多虑平组HAMA减分率优于帕罗西汀组，治疗二周后无显著差异。副反应的发生率，帕罗西汀组为17．6％，远低于多虑平组的34．6％。结论：帕罗西汀是一种疗效好，安全性高的治疗躯体疾病伴发焦虑的首选药物。     

The pitfalls of the dexamethasone suppression test: A biological marker of endogenous depression?

In the past few years there have been numerous publications which have stressed the value of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) as a diagnostic marker of endogenous depression. Our own studies in 333 psychiatric inpatients and 121 healthy subjects did not reveal a differential diagnostic use for the DST. This result is in good agreement with other results in the literature. Our data demonstrate that intervening variables such as severity of illness, weight loss, sleep disturbances, situational stress, drug and alcohol withdrawal, and the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone have an important influence on DST results, regardless of the diagnostic classification.     

血钙水平与肾癌肿瘤大小、分期的相关性分析

目的分析肾细胞癌患者血钙水平和肿瘤大小与分期的相关性，从而进一步发现与病情相关的规律和了解病情。方法按照血钙水平将肿瘤大小／分期相应地分3组，即降低、正常和升高各3组。利用SPSS10．0软件，对3组不同的肿瘤大小／分期病例进行差异性分析和相关性研究。结果3组不同的肿瘤大小差异性分析（Kruskal-wallisH）显示，X^2=4．768，df=2，P=0．092；Spearman相关分析显示相关系数为．0．166，P=0．029。3组不同的肿瘤分期差异性分析（Kruskal-Wallis H）显示，X^2=4、277，df=2，P=0．118；Spearman相关系数为．0．157，P=-0．039。结论3组不同的肿瘤大小之间差异性无统计学意义，血钙水平与肿瘤大小间存在负相关；3组不同的肿瘤分期之间差异性无统计学意义，血钙水平与肿瘤分期间存在负相关。