透明质酸对体外培养大鼠退变关节软骨细胞的影响

目的:观察体外培养大鼠关节软骨生长特性及分泌蛋白多糖(PG)功能,研究中分子量透明质酸(HA)对体外培养大鼠退变关节软骨细胞的影响。方法:机械分离和胰酶、胶原酶二步消化法消化,将大鼠膝、髋关节软骨细胞进行体外分离培养,白细胞介素1β(IL-1β,10μg/L)体外造模,观察中分子质量HA(分子质量2×106U)对骨关节炎细胞模型中细胞生长增殖及细胞蛋白多糖分泌功能的影响。结果:体外培养的大鼠正常关节软骨细胞呈多角形,富含分泌颗粒。当培养基中加入IL-1β后,关节软骨细胞胞质回缩,细胞内出现空泡,骨关节炎模型组细胞增殖率及蛋白多糖的含量均较空白组低(P<0.05)。加入HA的实验组软骨细胞增殖率与模型组相比无差异(P>0.05),较空白组低(P<0.05);蛋白多糖的含量较模型组高(P<0.05),与空白对照组无差异(P>0.05)。结论:HA对体外培养大鼠退变关节软骨细胞增值率无影响,但可以增加其蛋白多糖的合成。     

温心活血颗粒的质量标准研究

目的：建立温心活血颗粒的质量标准。方法：采用薄层色谱法（TIE）对处方中的丹参、延胡索、川芎进行定性鉴别研究；采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定丹酚酸B的含量，色谱柱为KromasilC18（250mm×4．6mm，5um），流动相为甲醇-乙腈-甲酸-水（30：10：1：59），紫外检测波长为286nm，流速为1．0ml／min，柱温为30℃。结果：TLC可检出丹参、延胡索、川芎的特征斑点；丹酚酸B在0．144～1．44ug范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9997），平均回收率为98．64％。结论：所选用方法能准确可靠地进行定性、定量检测，能有效地控制制剂的质量。     

Childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia: no benefit of all-trans-retinoic acid administered in a short-course schedule

From January 1990 to August 1997, 29 consecutive patients were treated with newly diagnosed primary acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) at the authors' Institution. Of these, 27 (16 boys and 11 girls) were evaluable. Median age at diagnosis was 6.3 (range: 1.9-15.7) years. This population was treated with two consecutive protocols: 13 patients were included in the AML-HPG90 protocol and 14 in the AML-HPG-95. The initial treatment was the same for both protocols: an induction 8-day phase with cytarabine, idarubicin, and etoposide was followed by a consolidation with cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone. Two courses of intensification with high-dose (HD) cytarabine and etoposide were given in the first study. Only one intensification course was administered in the second study, with HD cytarabine plus idarubicin or etoposide decided by randomization. Complete remission was achieved in 67% (18/27) of cases. Mortality on induction was quite high, 30% (8/27) mainly due to hemorrhages from disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The event-free survival estimate for all patients was 0.47 (SE: 0.1). From April 1994, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) was administered just during the first days of the induction phase (median: 9, range: 2-27) to stop or prevent DIC. Eighteen patients received ATRA and 9 did not. Three patients developed signs of ATRA syndrome during the first days of administration but no one died due to this toxicity. The impact of a short course of ATRA on early control of DIC was studied by analyzing the number of platelet, cryoprecipitate, and fresh frozen plasma transfusions during the induction phase in both groups. No statistical differences in complete remission rate, early mortality, need of transfusion of blood components for DIC, and survival estimates could be established between patients who received ATRA and those who did not. ATRA used in a short-course schedule during induction of APL did not stop early mortality due to DIC. Moreover, survival results did not improve with this method of ATRA usage. Longer periods of ATRA administration during APL therapy are strongly recommended.     

Spontaneous apoptosis and retinoic acid receptor incidence in neuroblastomas and peripheral neuroectodermal tumors

Twelve cases of neuroblastoma (NB) (7 boys and 5 girls) and 4 cases of primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) (3 boys and 1 girl) were investigated for the presence of apoptosis and retinoic acid receptor (RAR) by immunhistochemical method. The apoptotic index in NB was zero or 1% in 8 children and relatively low (2-4.8%) in the other 4 cases, while it was higher (4.1-10.5%) in PNET. The RAR index determined by immunoperoxidase reaction in NB was zero or 3% in 5 cases and 9-34% in 7 children. RAR index in PNET was 16-68% in all the 4 cases. Good correlation (r=.47 according to Pearson-Bravis) was found between the number of RAR and spontaneus apoptosis. These results suggest that the RAR index in untreated NB and PNET shows great individual variation since its determination is necessary for the evaluation of the efficacy of retinoic acid treatment.     

Oxidative Stress Kills Human Primary Oligodendrocytes Via Neutral Sphingomyelinase: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common human demyelinating disease of the central nervous system where oxidative stress has been proposed to play an important role in oligodendroglial death. However, molecular mechanisms that couple oxidative stress to the loss of oligodendrocytes are poorly understood. This study underlines the importance of neutral sphingomyelinase–ceramide pathway in mediating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and cell death of human primary oligodendrocytes. Various oxidative stress-inducing agents, such as, superoxide radical produced by hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase, hydrogen peroxide, aminotriazole capable of inhibiting catalase and increasing intracellular level of H₂O₂, or reduced glutathione-depleting diamide induced the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase and the production of ceramide. It is interesting to note that antisense knockdown of neutral but not acidic sphingomyelinase ablated oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and cell death in human primary oligodendrocytes. This study identifies neutral but not acidic sphingomyelinase as a target for possible therapeutic intervention in MS.     

幽门螺杆菌尿素酶的分子特性

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)是定植于人胃上皮组织引起胃炎、消化性胃溃疡和胃癌的病原菌。尿素酶是幽门螺杆菌重要的定植因子和抗原。近年来,尿素酶成为医药领域的研究热点。文章对Hp尿素酶结构、抗原表位、生物学功能及依赖于尿素酶的抗酸性机制等研究进展作一综述。     

益神启窍方及综合疗法对持续性植物状态患者血清氨基酸含量的影响

目的探明益神启窍方对PVS患者血清氨基酸含量的影响。方法随机将患者分为中药组与常规组,均采用高压氧、改善脑代谢、对症、支持等治疗,中药组加益神启窍方,疗程2个月;采用高效液相测定静脉血清中17种氨基酸含量。结果治疗后血中升高者既有抑制性氨基酸,也有兴奋性氨基酸,而中药组氨基酸含量的改变多于常规组。结论中药益神启窍方合用西药可调节失调的氨基酸水平,作用优于西医常规处理者。     

夏季食品中酸价、过氧化值含量的检测与调查分析

目的:测定夏季食品中酸价、过氧化值含量,以了解其酸价、过氧化值两项指标的超标情况。方法:从杭州市超市、农贸市场、小食品店及用户家庭中采集47件糕点面包类、7件饼干类、13件油炸小食品类、6件方便面类、7件膨化食品类、5件腌腊肉类、10件烘炒类、2件裹衣花生类、30件食用植物油类共127件样品,采用国家标准方法[1,2]对样品中的酸价、过氧化值含量进行测定和调查分析。结果:127件样品的超标率为13.4%,其中酸价的超标率为3.1%,过氧化值的超标率为10.2%。47件糕点、面包类的超标率为6.4%,7件饼干的超标率为14.3%,5件腌腊肉类的超标率为60%,2件裹衣花生的超标率为50%,10件烘炒类的超标率为40%,30件食用植物油类的超标率为13.3%。结论:我国居民应改变长久以来形成的饮食习惯,尽量少吃或不吃腌腊肉类食品;谨慎购买经过夏季或黄梅季度的烘炒类产品,绝对不能食用出现哈喇味的产品;建议家庭夏季用油不要购买大包装,应尽量购买小包装,缩短使用期限。     

HPLC法测定胃舒宁片中甘草酸的含量

目的 建立胃舒宁片中甘草酸的HPLC测定方法。方法 采用高效液相色谱法测定甘草酸的含量，色谱柱Hypersil ODS2柱，流动相为甲醇-0．1％磷酸溶液（23：77），流速1．0mL／min，检测波长250nm。结果 该方法线性关系良好，平均加样回收率为99．4％，RSD=0．29％（n=6）。结论 本法快速、简便、灵敏和分离度好，适用于胃舒宁片的含量测定。     

HPLC法直接测定复方氨基酸注射液中的6种氨基酸

目的:建立HPLC法直接测定复方氨基酸注射液中6种氨基酸的含量。方法:KromasilC18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为50mmol/L磷酸二氢钾(用磷酸调节pH值至2.4)-乙腈(94∶6),流速为1.5ml/min,检测波长为200nm,进样量10μl。结果:6种氨基酸线性回归方程的相关系数均在0.9997以上;平均回收率为100.3～101.4%,RSD均不超过0.7%。结论:本法操作简便、结果准确,可作为衍生化法的补充方法。