Cdk13表达对神经元轴突伸长的影响

目的探讨智力障碍相关基因Cdk13对神经轴突伸长的影响。方法通过基因敲除模型、质粒细胞转染等方法,荧光共聚焦显微镜成像技术检测神经元轴突的形态,观察轴突伸长的变化。结果 Cdk12和Cdk13在神经系统中有表达,在敲除Cdk12和Cdk13后轴突长度比对照组减少,两者比较有统计学差异(P0.05),敲除Cdk12和Cdk13基因后Cdk5 mRNA水平降低。结论 Cdk13和Cdk12的表达对神经元轴突的生长至关重要,其失活会引起神经元轴突形态异常,可能是导致智力障碍的病理机制。     

子宫内膜功能亢进性疾病的“异病同治”诊治研究思路＊

笔者根据现代临床子宫内膜的病理演变过程结合中医“异病同治”理念，提出“子宫内膜功能亢进性疾病”概念，涵盖5种常见的子宫内膜疾病：无排卵性异常子宫出血（Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Ovulatory dysfunction，AUB-O），子宫内膜息肉（Endometrial Polyp，EP），子宫内膜异位症（Endometriosis，EMs），子宫腺肌病（Adenomyosis，AM），子宫内膜癌（Endometrial Carcinoma，EC）。基于文献的汇总，分析得到此类疾病的子宫内膜病理演变与中医病因病机的关联性，为寻找关键通路、创新性治疗此类疾病提供了重要的参考方向，对深化中医妇科学常见疾病的共性病因病机提供了理论依据和探索思路。     

孤独症谱系障碍社会脑神经网络基础及其研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的核心诊断特征是社会交流障碍以及受限和重复的行为和兴趣,症状常在生命的最初几年出现。过去的二十年内,神经成像揭示了许多“社会性”大脑的非典型活动和异常连通性的发现,包括梭状回对面部和凝视的分析、杏仁核的情绪处理、默认模式网络的心智化以及镜像神经元相关区域对他人行为的模仿和理解,但对于社交功能缺陷潜在的神经生理机制还未达成一致。除了方法学上的挑战以及聚焦于单个大脑网络的连通性研究以外,更深层次的问题是ASD的极强异质性。这种不一致的发现,可能是由于诊断标准的变化以及学龄前期的ASD患儿存在非典型的神经发育轨迹,因此,有必要进行孤独症亚型的队列研究和大样本的纵向队列研究。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

低能量冲击波治疗勃起功能障碍疗效及安全性:随机对照试验的meta分析

目的:依据现有临床证据评价低能量冲击波(LI-ESWT)治疗勃起功能障碍(ED)的临床疗效及安全性。方法:通过计算机检索PubMed、Medline、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆和CNKI、VIP、CBM、万方数据库建库至2018年6月有关LI-ESWT治疗ED的随机对照试验(RCT),由2名研究者按照纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价,并采用RevMan 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果:共纳入来自8项随机双盲对照研究的595例ED患者,其中LI-ESWT治疗组362例,对照组233例。meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比较,LI-ESWT治疗可显著提高ED患者的IIEF评分[WMD=1.70, 95%CI (0.44, 2.96),P=0.008]和勃起硬度分级(EHS)[RR=11.72, 95%CI (5.13, 26.80),P0.01]。进一步分析表明LI-ESWT治疗后随访4周和24周ED患者的IIEF评分均显著提高[WMD=1.43, 95%CI (0.10, 2.75),P=0.03; WMD=3.09, 95%CI (1.49, 4.68),P=0.000 2];LI-ESWT治疗10～12次ED患者的IIEF评分显著提高,而治疗5～6次IIEF评分并未显示出明显增加[WMD=1.81, 95%CI (0.31, 3.31),P=0.02; WMD=1.88,95%CI (-2.10, 5.86),P=0.35];基线IIEF≥12分ED患者LI-ESWT治疗后IIEF评分明显增加而基线IIEF≤11分治疗后IIEF评分并未显示出明显增加[WMD=2.13, 95%CI (0.51, 3.75),P=0.01; WMD=1.04, 95%CI (-0.96, 3.03),P=0.31]。8项研究报告了LI-ESWT治疗后均无明显不良反应发生。结论:LI-ESWT作为一种非侵入性治疗手段,其可明显改善ED患者的IIEF评分和EHS分级,临床应用安全有效。