利血平诱导的急性抑郁模型大鼠体内CYP450亚酶的活性变化

目的:运用Cocktail探针法测定利血平诱导的急性抑郁模型大鼠体内6种细胞色素P450(CYP450)亚酶活性变化,从药物代谢相互作用的角度探寻抑郁症的发病机制。方法:建立利血平诱导的急性抑郁模型,大鼠随机分为空白组(记为A组),模型组(记为C组)和西药文拉法辛组(记为H组),适应1星期后,H组连续给药2周,A组和C组给予清水2周,第21天C组和H组按4 mg·kg~(-1)腹腔注射利血平注射剂,A组注射等体积生理盐水,第22天禁食不禁水12 h,第23天各组大鼠按10 m L·kg~(-1)灌胃给予混合探针药物。选取茶碱、氯唑沙宗、甲苯磺丁脲、右美沙芬、奥美拉唑以及咪达唑仑作为大鼠CYP1A2,CYP2C6,CYP2D1,CYP2D2,CYP2E1和CYP3A2的探针底物,采用LC-MS/MS测定大鼠体内6种混合探针的血药浓度,计算药动学参数。结果:造模后甲苯磺丁脲在大鼠体内浓度显著升高、代谢减慢;咪达唑仑在大鼠体内浓度显著降低、代谢加快。给予抗抑郁文拉法辛后,茶碱、氯唑沙宗和咪达唑仑在大鼠体内浓度显著升高、代谢减慢。结论:利血平诱导的急性抑郁模型状态对大鼠CYP2D1和CYP2D2有中强抑制作用,对CYP3A2有中强诱导作用;给予文拉法辛后对模型大鼠CYP1A2,CYP2C6,CYP2E1,CYP3A2为中强抑制作用。     

三七皂苷R1脑、血液微透析探针的体内外回收率分析

目的:建立三七皂苷R1脑、血液微透析探针的体内外回收率的测定方法,考察流速、药物质量浓度、探针使用次数对回收率的影响,并进行探针回收率体内稳定性研究,为三七皂苷R1的后续研究提供依据。方法:采用正透析法和反透析法进行三七皂苷R1脑、血液微透析探针体内、体外回收率的研究,采用LC-MS/MS测定微透析液中三七皂苷R1的质量浓度,计算探针回收率。结果:在流速为1.5μL·min~(-1)时,三七皂苷R1脑、血液探针体内回收率在10 h内保持稳定,平均回收率分别为14.0%和33.2%;恒定质量浓度下,探针体内外回收率均随着流速(0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,3.0μL·min~(-1))的增加而减小,脑、血液探针的体外正透析法测得的回收率分别为(36.0±1.7)%,(23.5±1.6)%,(14.2±0.5)%,(8.0±0.7)%,(5.4±0.5)%和(61.6±2.6)%,(48.0±4.1)%,(33.0±2.8)%,(24.1±1.2)%,(18.9±1.1)%,正、反透析法所测得的探针体外回收率一致,且体内和体外回收率结果也一致;恒定流速下,三七皂苷R1质量浓度(50,200,500,1 000μg·L-1)对脑、血探针回收率均无影响;使用≤3次的探针,经过恢复处理后,仍能够保持较高的回收率。结论:反透析法测定的体外回收率与体内回收率一致,且与正透析法测定的体外回收率一致,说明反透析法能够作为研究三七皂苷R1回收率的测定方法;探针体内回收率在10 h内保持稳定,说明微透析技术能够用于三七皂苷R1脑细胞间液药代动力学、血液药代动力学的同步研究。     

The Influence of Cognitive Tasks on Different Frequencies Steady-state Visual Evoked Potentials

Previous studies suggested that there exists different neural networks for different frequency bands of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). What is the effect of the same cognitive task on different frequency SSVEPs? In this work, when a subject was conducting a graded memory task, a 8.3 or 20 Hz flicker was used as a background stimulation. The recorded EEGs were analyzed by the method of steady-state probe topography (SSPT), the results showed that SSVEPs under these two flicker conditions were similar to each other in the various stages of memory process, and were similar to the result of a high alpha band SSVEP as reported before. However, the SSVEP amplitude and latency in the lower frequency band is more clear and stable than that in the higher frequency band. These results suggest that the same cognitive task affects the different frequency SSVEP in a similar way, and the low frequency flicker is a better choice than the high frequency one in such as working memory study.     

基于分子成像的结直肠癌精准诊疗

分子成像是指借助分子成像探针,运用影像学技术反映活体状态下生物体内细胞及分子水平上特定分子的变化,并对其进行定性、定量、定时研究的无创手段。分子成像主要着眼于生物的变化过程,而不是这些变化导致的解剖变化、最终结果。由于分子成像具有上述特征,所以可以动态观察结直肠癌发生发展过程中的生物学行为,能很好克服直肠癌传统成像的不足。这不仅可以在分子水平对结直肠癌患者进行早期精准诊断,同时还有利于开展精准治疗和预后判断,从而有望改善结直肠癌患者的预后,最终提高患者的五年生存率。本文以基础研究及临床应用的需求为背景,对目前基于分子成像的结直肠癌精准诊疗的研究进展进行综述,以期为后续结直肠癌精准诊疗等方面的研究及应用提供思路方向和数据支撑。     

自身免疫性肝炎患者健康教育需求的调查

目的 了解自身免疫性肝炎患者对疾病知识需求状况,探讨更有效地开展健康教育工作的方法.方法 对 38 例自身免疫性肝炎患者进行问卷调查.结果 患者对健康教育的需求很高,主要集中在治疗、自我保健等方面.结论 应针对不同患者的个体差异制定不同的健康教育内容,提高了护理质量,使患者受益;增强了护理人员专业素质;建立了新型的护患关系.     

我国实施专科护士认证制度的理论探讨

对国内外专科护士认证制度中认证机构、认证程序及标准等进行探讨,探讨如何在我国建立完善的、适合我国国情的专科护士认证制度,并提出可行性建议.     

The value of sonography with micro convex probes in diagnosing meniscal tears compared with arthroscopy.

OBJECTIVE: Meniscal tears are common in knee injuries. Sonography has been used in the knee to evaluate meniscal tears. Linear probes with high resolution have been used, and the overall accuracy of sonography has been more than 70% in many studies. In this study, we used a 6.5-MHz micro convex probe to evaluate meniscal tears, and the results were compared with arthroscopic findings. METHODS: Four hundred six knee joints with knee pain and a clinical indication for arthroscopy were examined from the popliteal fossa with the 6.5-MHz micro convex probe. Those patients with positive sonographic findings who had an arthroscopic examination (100 patients) were included in our study, and the results were compared. The results were statistically analyzed by the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: One hundred knees with sonographic examinations underwent arthroscopic evaluation. Three age groups were included in the study (20-30, 30-40, and >40 years). Comparison of the results between the two methods showed sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 95% for sonography in detecting meniscal tears. The positive predictive value for the medial meniscus was 95%, and the negative predictive value was 100%; these values for the lateral meniscus were 93% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Meniscal tears are common in all age groups. The use of sonography allows rapid, low-cost, and noninvasive exploration of meniscal tears as a first-line diagnostic method. We recommend high-resolution micro convex probes, which better fit the anatomic concavity of the popliteal fossa, as efficient investigation tools.     

The use of contrasted transvaginal sonography in the diagnosis of gynecologic diseases: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new contrast-dedicated ultrasound technology, contrast-tuned imaging (CnTI), implemented on an endovaginal probe and using the second-generation contrast agent SonoVue (Bracco International BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), compared with the standard ultrasound examination in different gynecologic diseases. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients were enrolled in the study in 4 different clinical centers. The study included 40 patients with uncertain pelvic adnexal masses, 10 patients with pelvic masses indicative of recurrences of gynecologic tumors, 26 patients with uterine pathologic features, and 13 patients with cervical lesions. RESULTS: Application of CnTI technology after the SonoVue injection gave a picture of the intralesional microvascularization dramatically different from that obtained during color Doppler examination. Of the 40 pelvic masses, 15 (37.5%) were considered benign and 25 (62.5%) were considered malignant at B-mode and color Doppler examinations. Contrast-enhanced sonography showed no intralesional contrast perfusion in 11 (73%) of 15 cases, and all these were benign at final diagnosis. Of the 4 (27%) cases that had perfusion, 2 were malignant. Conversely, of the 25 cases with positive findings at color Doppler examination and therefore expected to show the appearance of contrast tissue-filling morphologic characteristics, 13 (52%) were malignant at final diagnosis. For evaluation of uterine pathologic features, the CnTI-SonoVue technology did not appear to be superior to the B-mode and color Doppler examinations; however, for the evaluation of cervical cancer, CnTI-SonoVue technology revealed a better definition of the margins of the neoplastic lesions in 4 (40%) of 10 cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the evaluation of uncertain pelvic masses, the CnTI technology led to an improvement in the ability of the practitioner to differentiate benign from malignant adnexal lesions.