The 21-aminosteroid antioxidant, U74389F, prevents estradiol-induced depletion of hypothalamic β-endorphin in adult female rats

A single intramuscular injection of 2 mg estradiol valerate (EV) results in neuronal degeneration and β-endorphin depletion in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of adult female rats. We have hypothesized that peroxidase-positive astrocytes in this brain region oxidize estrogens and catecholestrogens to semiquinone radicals which mediate oxidative neuronal injury. In the present study, dietary administration of the potent antioxidant 21-aminosteroid, U-74389F, completely blocked EV-induced β-endorphin depletion in the hypothalami of adult female rats. Neither EV nor 21-aminosteroid treatment had any effect on hypothalamic concentrations of neuropeptide Y and Met-enkephalin, confirming that the estradiol lesion is fairly selective for the β-endorphin cell population. The present findings support the hypothesis that the toxic effect of estradiol on hypothalamic β-endorphin neurons is mediated by free radicals.     

p21对缺血-再灌注损伤后肾小管上皮细胞演变的影响

目的 探讨p21对缺血-再灌注损伤（IRI）后肾小管上皮细胞演变的影响。方法 选择低龄（2个月龄）和高龄（12个月龄）p21（＋／＋）和p21（-／-）鼠，建立左肾IRI模型。于IRI后0、1、3、7d及1、3、6个月光镜下观察肾小管组织学变化，采用免疫组化法检测肾小管上皮细胞增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达，组织化学染色观察肾小管上皮细胞衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶（SA-β-gal）活力，末端脱氧核糖转移酶介导的生物素化脱氧尿嘧啶缺刻标记技术（TUNEL）检测肾小管上皮细胞凋亡。结果 IRI后0d，肾小管以坏死为主，高龄鼠比低龄鼠严重、p21（-／-）鼠比p21（＋／＋）鼠严重（P均〈0．05）。肾小管上皮细胞凋亡在IRI 1d后出现，7d达高峰，且高龄鼠比低龄鼠明显、p21（-／-）鼠比p21（＋／＋）鼠明显（P均d0．05）。低龄鼠IRI后1个月出现SA—β-gal染色阳性的肾小管上皮细胞，而对侧肾此时未见衰老细胞，3和6个月时衰老的肾小管上皮细胞显著增多，且p21（＋／＋）鼠比p21（-／-）鼠明显（P〈0．05）；p21（＋／＋）高龄鼠IRI后0d双肾即可见大量的SA-β-gal染色阳性肾小管上皮细胞，且较p21（-／-）鼠显著增多（P〈O．05），但1d后，p21（＋／＋）和p21（-／-）鼠IRI肾衰老细胞均明显减少（P均〈0．05），1个月后又呈进行性增加，且p21（＋／＋）鼠始终比p21（-／-）鼠严重。高龄和低龄p21（＋／＋）鼠PCNA阳性染色细胞出现的几率差异无显著性（P〉0．05），但低龄鼠细胞增殖能力要强于高龄鼠；而p21（-／-）鼠的细胞增殖能力明显强于p21（＋／＋）鼠，低龄鼠更为显著（P均〈0．05）。对高龄鼠IRI后1d细胞衰老和凋亡进行相关分析显示，二者呈显著负相关Cp21（＋／＋）鼠：r=-0．82，P〈0．001,p21（-／-）鼠：r=-0．76，P〈0．0013。结论 ①IRI可促进正常肾小管上皮细胞衰老的进程；②已经进入衰老状态的肾小管上皮细胞在遭受IRI刺激后，更易走向死亡[坏死和（或）凋亡]；③p21在IRI所致肾小管上皮细胞演变过程中发挥重要的调控作用。     

Urinary 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in management of 21 -hydroxylase deficiency

Objectives: The study was designed to assess the reliability of measurement of 24-hour urinary 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) by radio-immunoassay (RIA) as an alternative biochemical assessment for monitoring the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21 -hydroxylase deficiency (21 -OHD) and to assess the need for sample purification by column chromatography to improve assay specificity.
Methodology: Morning serum 17-OHP was measured using RIA and 24-hour urinary pregnanetriol using gas chromatography. Twenty-four-hour urinary 17-OHP was measured in samples from 17 prepubertal patients with CAH due to 21 -OHD, and 20 normal prepubertal children as controls. In 24 urine samples, RIA of 17-OHP was performed with and without column chromatography.
Results: There was a good correlation between 24-hour urinary 17-OHP and 24-hour urinary pregnanetriol (r = 0.962, P <0.01) and between 24-hour urinary 17-OHP and morning serum 17-OHP ( r = 0.955, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the RIA of the urine samples with and without purification by column chromatography.
Conclusions: The measurement of 24-hour urinary 17-OHP is a reliable alternative for the biochemical monitoring of 21-OHD, and RIA specificity is unaffected by omission of column chromatography.     

评价酶联免疫检测血清CYFRA21—1对非小细胞肺癌的诊断价值

目的评价检测ＣＹＦＲＡ２１┐１对非小细胞肺癌的诊断价值。方法用ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定７０例肺癌（ＬＣ）其中４７例非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ），３例小细胞肺癌（ＳＣＬＣ）和２０例未分型肺癌、６４例肺部良性疾病患者及４０例健康人血清ＣＹＦＲＡ２１┐１浓度。试验的诊断性能用相对操作特征（ＲＯＣ）分析法估测之。结果测得全阈诊断准确率（ＯｖｅｒａｌＤｉａｇ┐ｎｏｓｔｉｃＡｃｃｕｒａｃｉｅｓ）ＬＣ为０．７５、ＮＳＣＬＣ为０．７６，ＳＱＣ为０．８３，ＡＤＥ为０．６７和ＳＣＬＣ为０．３８。在相应于特异性为０．９５的界定值３．４７μｇ／Ｌ处，各型的灵敏度分别为ＳＱＣ０．６２，ＬＣ０．５３，ＮＳＣＬＣ０．５１，ＡＤＥ０．４８和ＳＣＬＣ０．００。结论结果显示ＣＹＦＲＡ２１┐１是ＮＳＣＬＣ较灵敏和特异的一个标志物。未观察到ＴＮＭ各期间该标志物的平均水平有明显的差异；然而异常升高水平的患者的比例随病期的进展而显著增加，提示一系列检测ＣＹＦＲＡ２１┐１水平可能有助于监查ＮＳＣＬＣ患者的疗效。     

肝细胞癌p21蛋白与增殖细胞核抗原的表达

应用免疫且化的方法对59例肝细胞癌p21蛋白及增殖细胞核抗原的表达进行研究，并对两者在肝细胞癌中的表达关系进行比较。结果显示：p21在癌周肝组织的表达水平高于癌组织，在癌组织中的表达与肝细胞癌的分化程度有关，癌组织的分化降低，p21表达水平也随之降低p21的表达与PCNA的表达呈负相关关系（r＝－0．327，P＜0．01）。提示：p21的缺失表达可能促进PCNA合成的增加，对肝癌的发生发展起重要作用。     

Constitutional heteromorphism of 9q13→q21 in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia

An apparently balanced de novo reciprocal translocation t(5;21) (q13;q22) was demonstrated in a girl with acrobrachycephaly, ventriculomegaly, pulmonary stenosis and anal malformation. The possible relationships between her karyotype and malformations are discussed.     

Synergistic renal protection by combining alkaline-diuresis with lipid peroxidation inhibitors in rhabdomyolysis: possible interaction between oxidant and non-oxidant mechanisms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE.: Heme-proteins, besides causing renal tubular obstruction, maycontribute to rhabdomyolysis-induced renal injury through aheme-iron-mediated lipid peroxidation process. In the presentstudy, we compared the combined therapy of a lipid peroxidationinhibitor, 21-aminosteroid (21-AS) and fluid-alkaline-mannitol(FAM) diuresis with either of them alone to determine the efficacyof the combination therapy and to delineate the roles of lipidperoxidation and cast formation. METHODS AND RESULTS.: Employing Raman spectroscopy, we confirmed in vitro the abilityof 21-AS to inhibit iron-induced fatty acid peroxidation. 21-ASwas then administered to rats developing renal failure fromglycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis. Although 21-AS inhibited rhabdomyolysis-inducedplasma and renal lipid peroxidation, renal protection was incomplete.Administration of FAM to inhibit cast formation afforded a betterrenal protection. However, when these therapies were combinedto inhibit both lipid peroxidation and cast formation, therewas a synergistic renal functional protection. This was accompaniedby a maximum inhibition of renal and plasma lipid peroxidation,as well as, renal tubular necrosis and cast formation. Comparedto combination therapy, FAM therapy alone, despite identicalvolume, was accompanied by a higher tubular necrosis and castformation. CONCLUSIONS.: That combining a lipid peroxidation inhibitor with fluid-alkalinediuresis in rhabdomyolysis further lowers renal lipid peroxidation,tubular necrosis and cast formation and synergistically limitsrenal dysfunction (i) supports a role for lipid peroxidationin the pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis ARF, (ii) underscoresthe role of intratubular heme retention, a cause for tubularobstruction as well a source for prodigious amount of iron,likely involved in the lipid peroxidation, and (iii) raisesthe possibility of interactions between non-oxidant and oxidantmechanisms.     

miR-21靶向E2F1对三阴性乳腺癌细胞恶性生物学活性及裸鼠肿瘤抑制率的影响

目的 探究miR-21靶向E2F1对三阴性乳腺癌细胞恶性生物学活性及裸鼠肿瘤抑制率的影响。方法将MDA-MB-231细胞分为5组,即MDA-MB-231组、miR-21 inhibitor组、miR-NC inhibitor组、siRNA-E2F1组和siRNA-NC组。检测细胞中miR-21表达（RT-PCR法）;分别检测细胞增殖（MTT法）、侵袭（Transwell法）、迁移（划痕实验）和凋亡能力（流式细胞仪）;检测细胞中E2F1蛋白表达;检测miR-21与E2F1的靶向关系（双荧光素酶实验报告）。结果MDA-MB-231细胞中miR-21表达明显高于MCF10A细胞（P<0.05）;miR-21 inhibitor组细胞细胞中miR-21表达明显低于MDA-MB-231组（P<0.05）。与MDA-MB-231组相比,miR-21 inhibitor组细胞吸光度值、侵袭能力、迁移能力和细胞中E2F1蛋白表达均明显降低,细胞凋亡能力明显升高（P<0.05）;MDA-MB-231组细胞吸光度值、侵袭、迁移、凋亡能力和细胞中E2F1蛋白表达与miR-NC inhibitor组相比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。预测软件显示E2F1的3′UTR端与miR-21有碱基互补结合点位。通过向MDA-MB-231细胞中转染野生型E2F1（E2F1-WT）时,miR-21组荧光素酶活性明显低于miR-NC组（P<0.05）;miR-21组和miR-NC组突变体荧光素酶活性相比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与siRNA-NC组相比,siRNA-E2F1组细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移和细胞中E2F1蛋白表达均明显降低,细胞凋亡能力明显增加（P<0.05）。与miR-NC inhibitor组裸鼠移植肿瘤第8天时相比,miR-21 inhibitor组裸鼠肿瘤体积明显降低,肿瘤抑制率为45.3%（P<0.05）。结论低表达miR-21可抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭,促进凋亡,且抑制裸鼠移植瘤体积,其作用机制可能与抑制E2F1表达有关。     

Human papillomavirus infection in Egyptian esophageal carcinoma: correlation with p53, p21, mdm2, C-erbB2 and impact on survival

The etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in esophageal carcinoma (EC) in relation to p53, mdm2, p21(waf), c-erbB2 and the overall survival (OS) rate was investigated. Tumor and normal tissues from 50 EC were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and InnoLiPA for HPV. Single strand conformation polymorphism/sequencing were used to detect p53 gene mutations. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine p53, mdm2, p21(waf)and c-erbB2 expression. Human papillomavirus was detected in 54% of tumors and in 24% of normal tissues. p53, mdm2 and c-erbB2 overexpression was detected in 68%, 70% and 60% of tumors and in 14%, 16% and 10% of normal samples, whereas loss of p21(waf) was evident in 64% of tumors. p53 mutations were detected in 20% of cases. Exon 8 and 5 showed the highest mutation rate (40% each), followed by exons 6 and 7 (10% each). There was a significant correlation between HPV and p53, mdm2, c-erbB2 overexpression. The OS was significantly associated with overexpression of p53 and loss of p21(waf). Human papillomavirus infection is frequent in Egyptian EC. Both p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways seem to be involved in HPV-associated EC. mdm2 and c-erbB2 are possible targets for HPV in the p53-independent pathway. However, only advanced stage and aberrant expression of p53 and p21(waf) are independent prognostic markers.