放射治疗对乳腺癌患者外周血免疫系统相关指标的影响

目的:研究分析放射治疗对乳腺癌患者免疫系统相关指标的影响。方法:选取在医院就诊的6例病理诊断为乳腺癌Ⅱ~Ⅲ期患者,将所有患者放射治疗前(0 Gy)静脉血样本定义为对照组、放射治疗20 Gy和50 Gy照射后静脉血样本分别定义为20 Gy组和50 Gy组,于放射治疗10次后、25次后采集不同放射治疗累积剂量24 h后静脉血8 ml;采用流式细胞术检测所有受检者不同剂量放射治疗后外周血淋巴细胞亚群百分数、外周血淋巴细胞凋亡及细胞周期的改变;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(q RT-PCR)法检测外周血淋巴细胞微小核糖核酸(miRNA)的改变。结果:乳腺癌患者20 Gy组和50 Gy组照射后与对照组比较,淋巴细胞亚群CD3⁺、CD4⁺/CD8-和CD4⁺/CD8⁺表达水平均呈下调趋势,CD4^-/CD8⁺呈上升趋势,但差异均无统计学意义;20 Gy组T细胞抗原受体(TCR)/CD3明显下调,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.008,P<0.05),50 Gy组TCR/CD3有所回升,但差异无统计学意义。不同剂量的两组照射后乳腺癌患者mi RNA-150、mi RNA-210表达水平随剂量增加呈降低趋势,50 Gy组表达水平明显降低,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.242,Z=-2.402;P<0.05)。结论:放射治疗未引起乳腺癌患者明显的免疫功能抑制,可能是通过改变mi RNA-150、mi RNA-210的通路而抑制肿瘤的生长。     

Blood biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury: State of art

BackgroundMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the most common causes of emergency department visits around the world. Up to 90% of injuries are classified as mTBI. Cranial computed tomography (CCT) is a standard diagnosis tool to identify intracranial complications in adults with mTBI. Alternatively, children can be admitted for inpatient observation with CCT scans performed only on those with clinical deterioration. The use of blood biomarkers is a supplementary tool for identifying patients at risk of intracerebral lesions who may need imaging.MethodWe realised a bibliographic state of art providing a contemporary clinical and laboratory framework for blood biomarker testing in mTBI management.ResultsThe S100B protein is the only biomarker that can be used today in the clinical routine for management of mTBI with appropriate evidence-based medicine. Due to its excellent negative predictive value, S100B protein is an alternative choice to CCT scanning for mTBI management with considered, consensual and pragmatic use. In this state of art, we propose points to help clinicians and clinical pathologists use serum S100B protein in the clinical routine. A state of art on the different biomarkers (GFAP, UCH-L1, NF [H or L], tau, H-FABP, SNTF, NSE, miRNAs, MBP) is also conducted. Some of these other biomarkers, used alone (GFAP, UCH-L1) or in combination (GFAP + H-FABP ± S100B ± IL10) can improve the specificity of S100B.ConclusionUsing a bibliographic state of art, we highlighted the added values of the blood biomarkers for the clinical management of mTBI.     

基于双链特异性核酸酶触发滚环扩增的microRNA-21太赫兹超材料传感方法的构建

目的:构建一种太赫兹(THz)超材料传感方法用于microRNA-21(miRNA-21)的信号放大检测。方法:首先构建THz超材料传感方法,并用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及zeta电位验证方法的可行性;对传感器检测条件进行优化之后,对不同浓度的miRNA-21以及其他不同的miRNAs进行检测,并与其他microRNA检测方法进行比较;最后,对该传感器的回收率进行了评价。结果:在最优实验条件下,通过双链特异性核酸酶(DSN)循环识别与滚环扩增(RCA)的双重信号放大策略,该THz超材料传感器对靶标miRNA-21的响应范围为10 fmol/L至10 nmol/L,检测限为8.49 fmol/L。并且该传感器具有较好的特异性,具备了从多种miRNAs中识别靶标miRNA-21的能力,并且在商业化人血清样本中的回收率可达94.33%到115.33%。结论:该THz传感器可以实现靶标miRNA-21的高灵敏、高特异性检测,具备了在miRNA相关疾病无标记诊断与早期预警的潜力。     

前列腺癌患者血清miRNA 194和miRNA 206表达水平及临床意义

【摘要】 目的 探讨前列腺癌（PCa）患者血清miRNA 194和miRNA 206表达水平及临床意义。方法 选取2008年5月～2014年12月我院收治的108例PCa患者为PCa组,以及同期就诊的60例良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者为BPH组、前列腺正常者60例为正常组,分析所有纳入研究者的临床及随访资料,记录年龄等一般临床资料和血清miRNA 194和miRNA 206等指标水平及PCa患者肿瘤及预后情况,并比较不同PCa患者间上述资料的差异性。结果 BPH组和PCa组患者血清miRNA 206水平较正常组低（P＜005）,而血清PSA水平和miRNA 194较正常组高(P＜005);且PCa患者其血清miRN A 206水平较BHP患者更低,而血清PSA和miRNA 194水平则更高（P＜005）;Gleason 评分大于7分、临床分期T3~T4期以及出现淋巴结转移和术后复发的PCa患者其血清miRNA 206水平均显著降低,而血清miRNA 194显著升高（P＜005）;死亡患者血清miRNA 206水平均显著低于生存者,而血清miRNA 194水平显著高于生存者（P＜005）;经 Log rank检验,Gleason 评分大于7分、临床分期T3~T4期、出现淋巴结转移、术后复发以及血清miR NA 194水平升高和miRNA 206水平降低的PCa患者其生存时间均较短（P＜005）;经多因素Cox 比例风险回归模型分析,淋巴结转移、术后复发以及血清miRNA 194升高和miRNA 206水平降低均为影响PCa患者预后的独立影响因素（P＜005）。结论 血清miRNA 194在PCa患者中显著上升,而血清miRNA 206水平显著下降,且血清miRNA 194的上升和miRNA 206的下降均为影响PCa患者预后的独立影响因素,因此临床上可将其作为评估PCa患者病情及预后的有效指标。     

Found in transcription: gene expression and other novel blood biomarkers for the early detection of breast cancer

Early detection of a growing breast tumor is of key importance for patient survival. Despite limitations, mammography screening has improved the detection of breast tumors, however many tumors are not detected. This is especially true for younger women and women with high breast density. Novel diagnostic blood biomarkers either generated by the tumor and released into the blood, or generated by nontumor cells as a response to the tumor presence, can now potentially help improve the accuracy of early-stage breast cancer detection. They include multicomponent biomarkers, circulating tumor cells and RNA expression of peripheral blood. These novel biomarkers and their potential use will be presented and discussed in this review, with special emphasis on gene expression-based markers.     

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia from miRNA perspective: Basic concepts,experimental approaches,and potential biomarkers

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a rare, aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy originating from T-cell precursors. The mechanisms of T-ALL pathogenesis related to non-protein coding part of the genome are currently intensively studied. miRNAs are short, non-coding molecules acting as negative regulators of gene expression which shape phenotype of cells in a complex and context-specific manner. miRNAs may act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors; several miRNAs have been related to drug resistance and treatment response in various malignancies.Here we present the review of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the role of miRNAs in T-ALL pathogenesis, with detailed overview of the studies reporting on miRNAs with oncogenic and tumor suppressor potential. We discuss whether miRNAs might be considered candidate biomarkers of prognosis in T-ALL and leukemia subtype-specific markers. We also describe experimental approaches and a typical workflow applied in research on the involvement of miRNAs in oncogenesis.     

基于miRNA测序技术探讨补中益气汤治疗自身免疫性甲状腺炎的潜在机制

目的 探讨补中益气汤对自身免疫性甲状腺炎（AIT）小鼠甲状腺组织miRNA表达的影响。方法 选择NOD.H-2^h4小鼠共30只，随机分为正常组、模型组、补中益气汤组（BG组），每组各10只。根据分组给予小鼠含0.05%碘化钠水8周构建小鼠AIT模型后，灌胃给药8周取材。观察每组小鼠甲状腺组织病理改变情况，并对每组小鼠甲状腺组织差异miRNA进行实验验证及生物信息学分析。结果 与正常组比较，模型组甲状腺组织炎性细胞浸润明显，血清甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TgAb）水平显著升高（P<0.01）；与模型组比较，BG组甲状腺组织炎症程度减轻，血清TgAb水平显著降低（P<0.01）。与正常组比较，模型组小鼠白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-17表达显著增高（P<0.01），IL-1β表达明显降低（P<0.05）；与模型组比较，BG组IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17表达明显降低（P<0.05）。与正常组比较，模型组得到154个差异表达miRNA；与模型组比较，BG组得到112个差异表达miRNA。实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（Real-time PCR）结果表明miR-326-3p、miR-128-3p、miR-223-5p、miR-141-3p、miR-871-3p、miR-204-3p表达与测序结果趋势一致。基因本体（GO）功能富集于T细胞活化调节、氧化应激、miRNA结合等方面；京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集于磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（Akt）信号通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路、环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）信号通路等途径。差异miRNA预测得到3个关键基因，果蝇母源抗皮肤生长因子蛋白（Smad3）、Janus相关激酶2（JAK2）、信号转导和转录激活因子3（STAT3）。结论 补中益气汤可能通过调节6种miRNA干预自身免疫性甲状腺炎。     

Changes in miRNA expression in sera and correlation to duration of disease in patients with multifocal mucosal lichen planus

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41 : 86–89 Background: Mucosal lichen planus is a severe variant of lichen planus, Lichen planus (LP), which in many ways affect patients’ lives. The aetiology is not fully understood, and there is no treatment clearing the disease once and for all. Oral LP has by the WHO been classified as a precancerous lesion. Micro‐RNAs, miRNAs, are non‐coding, small single‐stranded RNAs involved in biological processes like apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, metastasis, angiogenesis and immune response. Methods and Results: In sera from 30 patients with multifocal mucosal LP, 15 miRNAs were identified as significantly differentially expressed compared with controls. The three most up‐regulated miRNAs are all connected to oral squamous cell carcinoma or epithelial carcinoma in general. Discussion: Even if no specific LP‐associated miRNA profile was found, data clearly indicate that miRNAs could play a role in the earlier phases of lichen planus.     

MicroRNAs in hematological malignancies

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have become one of the hottest topics in biology over recent years, but remarkably have only been formally recognized for just over 10 years. These endogenously produced short (19–24 nt) non-coding RNAs have introduced an entirely new paradigm in our understanding of gene control and it is now evident that miRNAs play a crucial regulatory role in many, if not all, physiological and pathological processes. In this review we provide an overview of the role and potential clinical utility for miRNAs in hematological malignancies and their function in normal hematopoiesis. Although still in its infancy, the miRNA field has already added much to our understanding of hematological processes, and provides us with novel tools as both biomarkers and therapeutic agents for hematological malignancies.