Tibial antirecurvatum osteotomies

For the genu recurvatum to be pathological, it must be acquired and asymmetrical. Osteotomies for the correction of genu recurvatum are infrequently required. There are 3 patterns of recurvatum: genu recurvatum with alterations of the bony elements, genu recurvatum with stretching of the soft-tissue elements, and genu recurvatum with bony and soft-tissue alterations (mixed type). A recurvatum knee is inherently very unstable. Active locking of the joint is impossible. This interferes with walking on uneven ground and with sports activities. The correction of a recurvatum deformity could require surgery, which may have to address both a bony and a soft-tissue problem. This report describes a surgical procedure. After a tibial tubercle osteotomy, an anterior open wedge osteotomy is performed to increase the tibial slope. The tibial tubercle is repositioned to prevent a patella baja. Sometimes a complementary surgical procedure should be performed on the posterolateral structures.     

膝关节置换术后长期胫骨近端力学性能的预测

目的 分 析 膝 关 节 单 髁 置 换 术 ( unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, UKA) 和 全 膝 置 换 术 ( total knee arthroplasty, TKA)后长期胫骨近端力学性能的变化,探究 UKA 和 TKA 的失效原因。 方法 建立健康、UKA、TKA胫骨近端有限元模型,利用 Wolff 骨重建理论结合有限元法预测胫骨近端的密度分布和应力分布。 结果 UKA 外侧踝平均应力基本不变,但呈增大趋势,平均密度增加 2%,内侧踝平均密度减小 13%,平均应力均减少 11%。 TKA外侧踝平均密度减少 1. 5%,平均应力减少 14%,内侧踝平均密度减少 1. 4%,平均应力减少 19%,假体末端平均密度增加 10%,平均应力增加 15%。 结论 UKA、TKA 假体的植入会造成应力遮挡现象,可能是产生术后假体松动的主要原因。 TKA 假体末端应力增大,可能导致 TKA 的失效。 UKA 非置换侧平均应力随着骨重建的进行不断增大,可能就导致 UKA 中远期对侧骨关节炎恶化。 研究结果可以为降低 UKA、TKA 并发症发生概率提供数据支持。     

内侧开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨关节炎后的足底压力分析

目的 分析内侧单间室膝关节骨性关节炎(knee osteoarthritis, KOA)患者接受内侧开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术(medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy, MOWHTO)治疗后的足底压力分布情况,为患者的手术治疗和康复提供生物力学参考。方法 选取31例行单侧MOWHTO治疗后的内侧单间室KOA患者作为实验组,同时以35例同年龄健康人群作为对照组,使用Pedomedic 40^?足底压力测试系统进行动态足底压力的测试。通过比较步行状态下实验组(术侧及未术侧)与对照组不同足底分区的峰值压强(p_max)、压力时间积分(force-time integral, FTI)和接触面积(contact area, CA),评估内侧单间室KOA患者MOWHTO术后的足底压力变化。结果 与未术侧和对照组相比,术侧第1跖骨区(MH1)CA和FTI偏高(P<0.05),第4跖骨区(MH4)CA偏小(P<0.001),第5跖骨区(MH5)p_max和FTI偏小(P<0.05)...     

不对称性下颌角肥大的手术治疗

目的　探讨不对称性下颌角肥大的原因及手术治疗。方法　采用下颌角弧形截骨术、下颌骨外板截骨术、颏成形术及颊脂垫取出术等方法,治疗不对称性下颌角肥大患者70例。结果　70例患者术后面部对称性均明显改善。70例患者中仅3例出现并发症,包括术后出血、口唇拉伤增生性瘢痕及术后感染等。结论　治疗不对称性下颌角肥大应根据畸形的特点,选择性应用下颌角弧形截骨术、下颌骨外板截骨术、颏成形术及颊脂垫取出术等方法,其效果良好。     

方脸综合改形术

目的　探讨方脸综合改形的方法。方法　对71例方脸要求手术改变成椭圆脸型的患者经口内入路,以双侧下颌角弧形截骨整形,颏部成形为主,结合颧骨截骨降低缩窄、颊脂垫部分摘除及其他辅助美容手术,整体重塑面部轮廓。结果　所有患者面型均得到明显改善,术后随访6个月~2年,效果满意。其中术中大出血1例,一侧颏神经损伤2例,口角拉伤5例。结论　以下颌角弧形截骨术、颏部成形术为主,结合其他手术方式对方脸进行综合改形,临床效果良好。     

Proximal symphalangism with “coarse” facial appearance,mixed hearing loss,and chronic renal failure: New malformation syndrome?

A 25‐year‐old man is described with short stature, moderate mental retardation, an abnormal facial appearance, a webbed neck, skeletal abnormalities including proximal symphalangism of bilateral second through fifth fingers, mixed hearing loss, and slowly progressive, sclerosing nephropathy. He was large at birth with generalized edema, more pronounced around the jaw, neck and the upper part of the body, but became short with increasing age, and currently measures 143 cm (−4.9 SD). He had intermittent proteinuria and slowly progressive deterioration of the renal function. A biopsy of the left kidney showed global glomerular sclerosis with interstitial fibrosis. He was placed on maintenance peritoneal dialysis at age 17 years, and now on hemodialysis. His skeletal abnormalities included, in addition to proximal symphalangism, stenosis of the cervical canal, scoliosis, brachydactyly of the hands, hypoplastic hip joints, and pes valgus. Other abnormalities noted were a communicating defects of the diaphragm (surgically corrected), bilateral inguinal hernia and cryptorchidism. These clinical manifestations indicate a hitherto undescribed combination of manifestations and nephropathy. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Risk of Revision and Adverse Outcomes Following Partial Knee Replacement and High Tibial Osteotomy for Unicompartmental Knee Osteoarthritis: A Nationwide Cohort Study

PurposeTo investigate comparative study for potential associations of adverse outcomes as well as survival rates after high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).MethodsWe reviewed the Korean National Health Insurance claims database from January 1, 2007 to May 31, 2019. A total of 90,705 patients aged 30–90 years who were newly treated for HTO or UKA were identified considering their eligibility. We performed four rounds of propensity score matching to reduce imbalance of baseline characteristics, especially disparities among different age groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compare the risk of revision and various unwanted medical problems between HTO and UKA treatment groups after propensity score matching.Results23,563 matched patients were assigned to each group on the basis of propensity score. HTO showed higher risk of revision than UKA at 5 years, 10 years and the whole observed period (hazard ratio: 1.21, 95% CI 1.10–1.34). Deep vein thromboembolism (0.27, 0.21–0.35), and surgical site infection (0.37, 0.30–0.44) were less likely for HTOs than UKAs. Postoperative admission to intensive care unit was significantly lower with HTO (odds ratio: 0.40, 0.29–0.54) while rehospitalization within 30 days (1.27, 1.16–1.38) and 90 days (1.24, 1.18–1.30) were higher than UKA.ConclusionWhen choosing the surgical method for unicompartmental knee OA, not only the survival rate, but also the risk of other adverse outcomes should be considered. In particular, attention should be paid to the risk of developing deep vein thromboembolism and surgical site infection.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-021-00517-z.     

防旋型股骨近端髓内钉治疗高龄不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折患者的效果及其对髋关节功能恢复的影响

目的:探索防旋型股骨近端髓内钉（PFNA）治疗高龄不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折（IFF）患者的效果及其对髋关节功能恢复的影响。方法:选取黄河中心医院骨科2018年10月至2020年10月收治的94例高龄不稳定型IFF患者作为研究对象,随机数字表法分为常规组和PFNA组。常规组47例,男27例,女20例,年龄（79.00±3....     

老年人肱骨近端骨折微创治疗18例分析

目的:观察经皮微创技术结合锁定板内固定治疗老年人肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法:对18例老年人肱骨近端骨折采用经皮微创技术结合锁定板内固定治疗。结果:18例随访4~12个月,骨折均愈合。Neer标准评定:优13例,良3例,可2例。随访期间,1例患者因糖尿病合并肺部感染死亡。结论:经皮微创技术结合锁定板内固定治疗老年人肱骨近端骨折是一种安全、有效的方法,能够获得良好的早期疗效。     

Loss of correction in cubitus varus deformity after osteotomy

We aimed to investigate the rate of loss of correction and the factors thereof in pediatric patients undergoing osteotomy for treatment of cubitus varus deformity.Between July 2008 and July 2017, we treated 30 patients who underwent osteotomy for cubital varus. We compared the preoperative and postoperative clinical and imaging findings, including the H-Cobb and Baumman angles, in all patients. Postoperative evaluation was performed by telephonic interviews.Our patients consisted of 17 males and 13 females. The mean age was 75 months. At the first follow-up, approximately 80% of patients had experienced a loss of correction of the humerus-cobb angle (H-Cobb angle); at the second follow-up, the incidence was 83%. Meanwhile, 57% and 43% of patients experienced a loss of correction of the Baumman angle at the first and second follow-ups, respectively. The average interval between the first and second follow-ups was 24 days, and the mean loss in the H-Cobb angle was 2.4°. There was a significant difference between the H-Cobb angles as measured before and after surgery (P < .05). There was no significant difference between the H-Cobb angles of the affected side and the contralateral healthy elbow at the third postoperative follow-up; however, there was a significant difference between the Baumman angle between before and after surgery (P < .05). The Baumman angles as measured at the second and third postoperative follow-ups differed significantly from those of the contralateral healthy elbow joint. According to the survival curve analysis, the median survival times of the H-Cobb and Baumman angles were 27 and 34 months, respectively.The postoperative loss of the 2 angles occurred mainly during the first and second follow-up periods. Therefore, patient follow-up is particularly important in the period directly following the operation. Additional measures may be necessary to avoid rapid angle loss.