超声引导下经皮肾盂穿刺造影对输尿管狭窄的诊断价值

超声引导下经皮肾盂穿刺造影检查５２例输尿管狭窄致肾积水患者。结果：５２例均经手术和病理证实。Ｂ超诊断４０例，准确率为７６．９％；穿刺造影诊断４８例，准确率９２．３％。明显高于Ｂ超。文中对输尿管不同部位狭窄引起肾积水声像图及Ｘ线影像特征进行了讨论。结论：穿刺造影安全、快、准确度高，对于疑诊为输尿管狭窄致肾积水者，是最佳选择。     

经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞联合局部注射无水乙醇治疗中晚期原发性肝癌

目的探讨经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合经皮注射无水乙醇（PEI）治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的治疗效果。方法非随机对照研究，纳入90例中晚期原发性肝癌。41例接受TACE联合PEI治疗（治疗组），另49例仅接受TACE治疗（对照组）。全部患者随访12个月，观察安全性、局部治疗效果及生存时间。结果治疗组患者共接受99次TACE、131次PEI治疗，对照组共接受116次TACE治疗。全部患者均无严重并发症出现，治疗组总有效率（CR＋PR）高于对照组，分别是58．5％和28．6％（P〈0．05）。治疗组3、6、12个月生存率及生存曲线均高于对照组（P=0．0002），两组生存率分别为88．19％、75．03％、44．30％和62．12％、36．48％、21．02％，两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论本文研究结果提示经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮注射无水乙醇治疗安全有效，提高了中晚期原发性肝癌的局部治疗效果，延长了患者的生存时间。     

Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Binational Collaborative Analysis

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical and procedural characteristics in patients with a history of renal transplant (RT) and compare the outcomes with patients without RT in 2 national cohorts of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Patients and MethodsData from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) were used to compare the clinical and procedural characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing PCI who had RT with those who did not have RT. The primary outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality.ResultsOf the PCI procedures performed in 2004-2014 (NIS) and 2007-2014 (BCIS), 12,529 of 6,601,526 (0.2%) and 1521 of 512,356 (0.3%), respectively, were undertaken in patients with a history of RT. Patients with RT were younger and had a higher prevalence of congestive cardiac failure, hypertension, and diabetes but similar use of drug-eluting stents, intracoronary imaging, and pressure wire studies compared with patients who did not have RT. In the adjusted analysis, patients with RT had increased odds of in-hospital mortality (NIS: odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% CI, 1.41-2.57; BCIS: OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.05-2.46) compared with patients who did not have RT but no difference in vascular or bleeding events. Meta-analysis of the 2 data sets suggested an increase in in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.40-2.29) but no difference in vascular (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.77-2.00) or bleeding (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.86-1.68) events.ConclusionThis large collaborative analysis of 2 national databases revealed that patients with RT undergoing PCI are younger, have more comorbidities, and have increased mortality risk compared with the general population undergoing PCI.     

应变率显像定量评价经皮冠状动脉介入治疗前后冠心病患者左心室局部功能

目的应用应变率显像技术（SRI）评价经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）前后冠心病患者的左心室局部功能变化。方法在28例冠心病患者中,分别于PCI前、PCI后1周和1个月行经胸超声心动图检查,应用SRI技术对左室心尖四腔观及两腔观各节段的心内膜下心肌和心外膜下心肌局部心功能进行定量分析。根据冠状动脉造影结果将心肌节段分为：正常组,冠脉狭窄1级组、2级组、3级组和4级组（冠脉狭窄分别为〈50%、50%～75%、76%～99%和100%）。结果①PCI术前：2、3、4级组的心内膜下心肌和心外膜下心肌收缩期（S）、舒张早期（E）和舒张晚期（A）最大应变率（SRS、SRE、SRA）与正常组测值相比均降低（P〈0.05）;4级组心内膜下心肌和心外膜下心肌SRS、SRE和SRA均小于2级组（P〈0.05）。在正常组和1级组心内膜下心肌的SRS、SRE和SRA均大于心外膜下心肌的测值,差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;在2、3、4级组心内膜下心肌SRS、SRE和SRA与心外膜下心肌的测值比较差别无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。②PCI术后：3组和4组于PCI术后1周和1个月时心内膜下心肌和心外膜下心肌的SRS、SRE和SRA均较PCI术前增加（P〈0.05）,3级组心内膜下心肌的SRE和SRA大于心外膜下心肌的测值,差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;在3组,术后1周和1个月时心内膜下SRS和SRE变化率均明显大于心外膜下心肌（P〈0.05）;在4组,术后1周和1个月时心外膜下心肌SRS、SRE和SRA的变化率均明显大于心内膜下心肌,差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论应用SRI技术测量心内膜下心肌和心外膜下心肌的应变率可定量评价冠心病患者缺血心肌的局部功能,动态观察PCI前、后局部心肌功能变化,评价PCI的治疗效果。     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病的临床对比研究

目的 评价直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)与溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者的近期与远期临床疗效。方法 采用回顾性分析合并糖尿病的急性心肌梗死患者54例，发病时间均在6小时以内。21例给予溶栓治疗(溶栓治疗组)，33例接受直接PCI治疗(直接PCI组)。比较两组患者1年内心脏事件发生率。结果 除去在直接PCI组Killip≥Ⅲ级患者较多外(27．2％vs4．7％，P=0．038)，两组间基本临床资料相似。直接PCI组术后住院期间心肌缺血发生率(3．0％vs23．8％，P=0．018)及1年内靶血管的再次血管成形术率(9．0％vs33．3％，P=0．025)均明显低于溶栓治疗组。死亡及再梗死率亦低于溶栓治疗组(6．0％vs28．4％，P=0．023)。出血率(9．0％vs9．0％，P=0．957)及脑卒中发生率(3．0％vs0．0％，P=0．421)两者相比差异无统计学意义。结论 急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者直接PCI治疗与溶栓治疗相比可显著降低近期和远期的心脏事件发生率。     

87例AMI紧急PTCA加支架植入术的护理

目的加强AMI介入治疗术前、术后的护理,减少并发症,提高病人生存质量.方法对87例AMI紧急PTCA加支架植入术,术前加强心理护理及术前准备工作,术后密切观察病情,做好拔管护理,积极预防并发症,加强健康指导.结果术后病人安全度过卧床期.其中7例术后穿刺局部渗血、血肿形成,5例拔管后出现低血压等,经积极治疗护理痊愈.结论PTCA加支架植入术是治疗心肌梗死的主要手段,正确的护理措施可有效防止并发症的发生,降低病死率,提高生存质量.     

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and biliary drainage after liver transplantation: A five-year experience

Evaluation of the biliary tract by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) is often required in liver transplant patients with an abnormal postoperative course. Indications for PTC include failure of liver enzyme levels to return to normal postoperatively, an elevation of serum bilirubin or liver enzyme levels, suspected bile leak, biliary obstructive symptoms, cholangitis, and sepsis.Over a 5-year period 625 liver transplants in 477 patients were performed at the University Health Center of Pittsburgh. Fifty-three patients (56 transplants) underwent 70 PTCs. Complications diagnosed by PTC included biliary strictures, bile leaks, bilomas, liver abscesses, stones, and problems associated with internal biliary stents.Thirty-two percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage procedures were performed. Ten transplantation patients underwent balloon dilatation of postoperative biliary strictures. Interventional radiologic techniques were important in treating other complications and avoiding additional surgery in many of these patients.     

Percutaneous Osteotomies in Hallux Valgus: A Systematic Review

Percutaneous and minimally invasive surgery is one of the greatest advances in the operating field of orthopedic since the late 1990s. The potential advantages include a shorter operative time, quicker recovery, and reduced hospital stay compared with traditional open surgery. However, scientific validation of the safety and efficacy of hallux valgus (HV) percutaneous surgery remains inconclusive. The objective of the present study was to systematically review the published data and clinical evidence for percutaneous HV surgery, evaluate the scientific method of the reports, and clarify the indications, safety, efficacy, and potential risks of these surgical techniques. Two reviewers independently identified the studies using a PubMed search, with the keywords “hallux valgus,” “osteotomy,” “minimally invasive,” and “percutaneous.” Quality assessment was performed using the Coleman methodology scale, and each study was assigned a level of evidence and grade of recommendation. Eighteen studies were included and reported a total of 1534 procedures for percutaneous HV surgery on 1397 patients. Of the 18 studies, 14 (77.8%) were level IV, 2 (11.1%) were level III, and 2 (11.1%) were level II. Overall, the average angle correction of the HV deformity improved postoperatively. Regarding the complications, although some investigators revealed no major complications, others described deformity recurrence in 7.8%, stiffness of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in 9.8%, malunion in 4% to 8.7%, and infection rates ranging from 1.9% to 14.3%. The main indication for percutaneous HV surgery is the correction of mild deformities. The complication rate was elevated even in experienced surgeons. In conclusion, future research in percutaneous techniques should include adequately sized randomized control trials, standardization of treatment protocols, and the use of validated tools for the measurement of clinical outcomes.     

Does pravastatin therapy affect cardiac enzyme levels after percutaneous coronary intervention?

Serum cardiac enzyme elevation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a relatively common complication, is a prognostic determinant of long-term outcome in patients who undergo these procedures. Statins are postulated to reduce such complications. This study investigated the short-term effects of pravastatin on serum creatine kinase myocardial isoform (CK-MB) and serum cardiac troponin I (cTpI) levels after elective PCI. Of 93 patients studied, 72 (77.4%) were men, and 21 (22.6%) were women (mean age, 58.9±11.0 y). Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups before they underwent elective PCI. Preoperatively, group 1 patients (n=30) received pravastatin 10 mg/d, and group 2 patients (n=29) received pravastatin 40 mg/d. Control group patients (n=34) received no lipid-lowering medication. Serum CK-MB and serum cTpI levels were measured preoperatively and then again at 6, 24, and 36 h postoperatively. Demographic features of patients and characteristics of the PCI procedure, including number of vessels/lesions and duration and number of inflations, did not differ among groups (P>.05). Mean serum CK-MB and serum cTpI levels were significantly increased after PCI in all patients (P<.001). When compared with control group patients, those given pravastatin did not experience significantly lowered postprocedural serum CK-MB or serum cTpI levels (P>.05). Preprocedural pravastatin therapy at dosages of 10 mg/d and 40 mg/d seems inadequate for preventing serum cardiac enzyme elevations during short-term follow-up after PCI. Additional research on this topic is recommended.     

微创性治疗原发性肝癌84例临床研究

目的探讨经皮肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）、瘤内无水酒精注射（PEI）和经皮射频消融（RFA）等介入性微创治疗方法对原发性肝癌（HCC）的疗效。方法将1997年9月～2003年9月84例HCC分为5个治疗组：（1）TACE组13例；（2）PEI组16例；（3）TACE联合PEI组10例；（4）RFA组23例；（5）RFA联合PEI组22例。结果TACE组13例中有5例接受二期手术切除，其中3例见残留的癌细胞；余8例治疗后1、2、3年的复发率为25．0％、50．0％、87．5％，1、2、3年生存率分别为100％、50．0％和12．5％。PEI组16例治疗后1、2、3年的复发率分别为28．6％、50．0％和78．6％，1、2、3年生存率分别为81．3％、68．8％和25．0％。TACE联合PEI组10例治疗后1、2、3年复发率分别为20．0％、50．0％和80．0％；1、2、3年生存率分别为90．0％、40．0％和10．0％。RFA组23例，1、2、3年的复发率分别为8．7％、21．7％和34．8％。1、2、3年生存率分别为92．3％、87．0％和60．9％。RFA联合PEI组22例，3例改行手术切除，其余19例患者术后1年复发率为10．5％，2年复发率为26．3％。1年生存率为89．5％，2年生存率为78．9％。结论HCC的微创治疗创伤小，治疗后能保持较高的生存质量。以RFA为代表的局部治疗，对HCC治疗坏死程度较高，理论上其疗效将会接近或者达到手术切除的效果。