Serum levels and clinical response in long-term pharmacotherapy with zuclopenthixol decanoate

Twenty-six patients diagnosed as chronic schizophrenics were given injections of zuclopenthixol decanoate (cis(Z)-clopenthixol decanoate) 200 mg every 3 weeks for at least 6 months. Before treatment and on each day of injection the patients' mental state was assessed by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), 18 items. A registration of side effects and basal laboratory data was also performed. Blood samples were drawn on each day of injection before injection and 3–7 days after injection (time of maximum concentration). Neuroleptic activity, which was considered equivalent to the concentration of zuclopenthixol, was determined in serum by radio-receptor assay (RRA). Based on amelioration scores ≥50% on the BPRS, 15 patients were characterized as responders and 11 as non-responders. The responder group showed a statistically significant reduction in BPRS score, whereas this was not the case for the non-responders. Apart from a few patients, the serum concentrations showed a low intra-individual variation, but a relatively high inter-individual variation. The responder group had a significantly higher mean preinjection concentration than the non-responder group, whereas no significant difference was found in day 3–7 concentrations. The fluctuation of the serum concentration expressed as the ratio between maximum (days 3–7) and minimum (pre-inj.) was found to be significantly lower for responders than for non-responders. Thus although the present study did not demonstrate a clear relationship between serum level and clinical effect, it indicates that the best antipsychotic effect is obtained with a serum concentration which fluctuates only slightly (the ratio max/min concentration not exceeding 2.1).     

新生儿窒息合并心肌损害血清心肌酶变化(附12例分析)

目的探讨心肌酶水平对窒息新生儿心肌损害的诊断价值。方法将12例窒息新生儿为实验组,另外收集10例同期正常新生儿作为对照组。两组新生儿经股静脉穿刺采血2 ml,分离血清,在24 h内测定心肌酶活性,同时做心电图检查,统计学处理采用t检验。结果两组血清心肌酶测定结果比较显示两组血清心肌酶均值间的差别有显著性意义。窒息组均出现心电图改变。结论血清心肌酶活性测定及心电图检测可作为新生儿窒息后心肌损害的早期监测和诊断的指标,为早期治疗提供依据。     

NSE与视频脑电图在儿童热性惊厥的相关性研究

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum neuron specific enolase and Video EEG inFebrile Convulsion of childen. Method:Serum NSE was detected by RIA on the first day and the seventh day afterseizure in 40 children with simple febrile convulsion and 18 with complex febrile convulsion. Video EEG was per-formed at 1st, 7th and 30th day in all the patients. Results: There were significant differences between NSE levels at24th hour and on 7th day after convulsion (P<0.01). NSE concentrations in patients with SFC and CFC were also     

缺锌对大鼠力竭性游泳前后睾酮和锌水平变化的影响

本实验动态观察了缺锌和缺锌后补锌对大鼠力竭性游泳前后辜丸和血清睾酮、锌水平以及游泳能力的影响。结果显示：缺锌造成大鼠游泳能力大大降低，补锌后明显增加。不论安静时还是力竭性游泳后１２小时内，缺锌大鼠的血清和辜丸锌含量均显著低于对照和补锌大鼠。与对照和补锌大鼠相比，缺锌大鼠的血清和睾丸酮含量，安静时均较低，力竭性游泳后也呈现不同程度的降低。缺锌还造成大鼠辜丸重量的明显下降。结果表明，锌营养不良将损害运动能力。     

缺锌和补锌对运动大鼠锌营养状况的影响

通过建立大鼠缺锌模型，观察缺锌及补锌对游泳大鼠血清、肝脏锌含量和五种含锌金属酶活性的影响。结果表明：（１）血浆锌浓度和碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）活性是评价机体锌缺乏的灵敏指标；（２）血浆ＡＫＰ活性同时也是评价运动大鼠锌缺乏的较好指标，而血管紧张素Ｉ转换酶、酸性α－Ｄ－甘露糖苷酶５－核苷酸酶等不太理想；（３）运动时，缺锌大鼠血浆锌金属酶活性多数变化剧烈，表明机体内环境遭受较大破坏。而补锌后上述指标均接近正常水平，说明适量补锌有助于改善机体缺锌状况，维持机体内环境的稳定     

A rapid solid-phase extraction and HPLC/DAD procedure for the simultaneous determination and quantification of different benzodiazepines in serum,blood and post-mortem blood

Summary A rapid and quantitative method for the determination of benzodiazepines using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detection (DAD) is reported. The drugs were extracted from serum, blood or post-mortem blood using C₁₈ extraction columns. Brotizolam was used as internal standard. Experiments with spiked serum/blood samples resulted in recoveries between 75% and 94% for all investigated benzodiazepines. Excellent linearity was obtained over the concentration range 5–1500 ng benzodiazepine/ml. The limit of detection was approximately 2 ng/ml. The detection of low therapeutic serum levels of highly potent benzodiazepines is also possible.      

Elevated serum levels of the apoptosis related molecules TNF-α, Fas/Apo-1 and Bcl-2 in oral lichen planus

BACKGROUND: The serum circulatory levels of apoptosis related molecules measured in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and healthy individuals in order to investigate possible alterations associated with the clinical forms of OLP. METHODS: Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble Fas (sFas) and Bcl-2 studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in whole blood samples in 13 OLP reticular, 13 OLP atrophic-erosive form patients and 26 healthy subjects. RESULTS: Significantly elevated levels of TNF-alpha and sFas detected in OLP patients as compared with controls. Serum concentrations of Bcl-2 although increased in 17/26 patients, they were not statistically significant. Reticular OLP exhibited slightly elevated TNF-alpha and significantly elevated Bcl-2 serum levels, compared with erosive OLP. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a putative dysfunction in the Fas/FasL mediated apoptosis might be involved in the OLP pathogenesis. A downregulation of Bcl-2 serum levels in the atrophic-erosive OLP may be associated with promotion of the disease activity.     

早产儿血清表皮生长因子水平与脑发育相关研究

目的探讨早产儿血清表皮生长因子水平与脑发育的关系。方法依据入选标准观察对象为自2005年8月起连续收治入本院新生儿病房、出生24h内的胎龄为34周±3d的“正常”早产适于胎龄儿30例。采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法,分别测定30例早产儿生后24h内和出生第8天空腹股静脉血清表皮生长因子(EGF)水平,分别为t0和t1值,计算血清EGF浓度变化的速率(Δt)。同时,在新生儿出生后6周(纠正胎龄接近40周)和纠正1月龄时进行NBNA评分测定。并将以上实验室数据与新生儿行为神经测定(NBNA)评分值及差值、早产儿出生后的头围增长值及增长速率进行Pearson相关分析。如果P值<0.05,则认为差有统计学意义。结果30例早产儿观察对象t0为(234.71±58.07)pg/ml,t1为(347.81±87.49)pg/ml,Δt为(16.16±9.94)(12.14、15.20)pg/ml/d;Pearson相关分析显示2次NBNA评分结果及差值、出生后6周和纠正1月龄时的头围增长值/增长速率与t0值无相关性(P>0.05);2次NBNA评分结果及差值、出生后6周和纠正1月龄时的头围增长值/增长速率与t1和Δt之间有相关性(P<0.05)。结论研究结果表明,早产儿出生后血清EGF浓度呈上升趋势,提示早产儿出生后体内EGF合成和释放增加,可能促进脏器成熟和组织修复;更重要的是,早产儿出生1周时高水平血清EGF浓度和/或较快上升速率者,其出生后头围增长速度也快,可能有较好的脑发育水平、远期预后良好。     

二硫化碳对大鼠胚胎发育及血清锌和铜含量影响的研究

本文观察了CS_2对大鼠胚胎发育及血清锌、铜含量的影响。发现胚胎着床前死亡率升高,胎鼠皮下出血、心包淤血及骨骼骨化不金的发生率增高。但无明显的致畸效应。14.1及103.9ng/m~3的CS_2对妊娠大鼠的血清锌、铜含量无明显影响。说明CS_2对大鼠的胚胎毒性与其对妊娠大鼠血清锌、铜含量的影响之间没有关联。     

Photodynamic therapy of tumours: value of quantum chemical procedures for characterization of new drugs. Prediction of the electronic structure of zinc(II) phthalocyanine with special emphasis on triplet state excitation energies

Zinc(II) phthalocyanine is the active component of the liposomal formulation CGP 55847 which showed a high activity in photodynamic therapy in a variety of animal tumours. The photophysical properties of zinc(II) phthalocyanine have been studied in detail and compared to those of Photofrin, the only sensitizing agent approved so far for phase III/IV clinical trials. Since the efficacy of photodynamic therapy intrinsically depends on the spectroscopic features of the sensitizer, quantum chemical methods have proven to be an efficient means for optimizing chemical structures. As will be shown, a simple modification of the time-honoured INDO model of Pople allows a prediction of the singlet and triplet state properties of molecules of the size of zinc(II) phthalocyanine with an rms error of ≤ 1000 cm⁻¹.