郭霞珍教授活血化瘀法治疗青春期崩漏经验

郭霞珍教授认为肝脾肾三脏的功能失调与青春期崩漏的发生关系密切,如肝郁血热、脾虚失摄、肾精不足等。无论何种原因导致的崩漏,血出日久,或过用固涩药物止血,最终均可发展为血瘀。故临床治疗应以活血化瘀以澄其源,同时针对"瘀"形成的不同原因,佐以疏肝清热、健脾益气或补肾填精,方能取得预期疗效。     

200例超声在瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩方式选择的意义

目的：探究200例超声在瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩方式选择的意义。方法选取2010年9月至2013年9月该院接收的200例均有1次剖宫产史的妊娠晚期孕妇进行回顾性分析,所有病例均先采取经腹部或阴道超声,再将腹部联合阴道超声检测,并将联合超声检测结果与剖宫产术中验证结果进行比较,同时观察子宫瘢痕分级对其妊娠分娩结局进行观察对比。结果（1）观察组200例孕妇联合超声检测子宫瘢痕显影率（100．0％）显著高于单纯经腹超声检测（92．0％）和单纯经阴道超声检测（96．5％）,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;联合超声检测子宫瘢痕分级诊断与术中验证瘢痕分级进行比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。（2）Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级瘢痕组孕妇剖宫产率、术中出血量及术后24 h出血量均显著高于Ⅰ级瘢痕组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论联合超声检测能有效提升子宫瘢痕检测诊断符合率,明确瘢痕愈合情况有效选择分娩方式。     

妊娠子宫嵌顿的声像图特征分析

目的总结妊娠子宫嵌顿的超声图像特征,提高超声对该病的检出率。方法回顾性分析2018年5月至2020年5月于北京大学第三医院确诊的3例妊娠子宫嵌顿患者及通过中国知网、万方数据库、维普期刊数据库及PubMed数据库检索的2000年1月至2020年7月中英文文献报道的53例经临床证实的妊娠子宫嵌顿患者的超声资料。总结56例患者的声像图特征及妊娠结局,统计各项超声特征显示率,复习相关文献并总结其诊断经验。结果56例患者中45例(80.4%)超声显示阳性征象,其中34例(60.7%)显示宫颈异常(宫颈拉长前移或显示不清),27例(48.2%)显示子宫后倾后屈,12例(21.4%)显示子宫底位于子宫直肠陷凹,4例(7.1%)显示膀胱拉长上移,宫颈异常与子宫后倾后屈的显示率差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.452,P<0.05)。结论宫颈异常是妊娠子宫嵌顿超声显示率最高的征象,正确识别宫颈有助于提高对该病的检出率。     

利用有限元分析预警经阴道分娩瘢痕子宫破裂风险

目的应用有限元法分析瘢痕子宫受力与瘢痕厚度及位置的关系,研究瘢痕子宫破裂风险因素。方法首先基于孕期为40周孕妇子宫尺寸应用Solid Works建立瘢痕厚度和位置可变的子宫三维模型,然后在ANSYS软件中设置宫内压力,压力范围为4.83~23.9 k Pa,计算子宫受力。结果在宫缩过程中,最大应力位于子宫瘢痕处,瘢痕厚度低于3 mm子宫所受最大应力大于子宫抗拉强度;以3 mm作为子宫下体厚度界限,若测量厚度小于3 mm,子宫破裂应立即选择剖宫产,反之可以选择经阴分娩;当瘢痕厚度为3.0 mm时,子宫所受最大应力随着与子宫底距离的增加先减小后增大,在距离子宫底295 mm时子宫瘢痕处的应力最小;瘢痕距离子宫底为285~305 mm时,瘢痕所受极限应力小于其抗拉强度,选择顺产比较安全。结论基于ANSYS有限元分析研究瘢痕子宫破裂风险因素,分析结果与临床资料相符,为临床中分娩方式的选择提供分析方法和理论指导。     

The making of the ‘useless and pathological’ uterus in Taiwan, 1960s to 1990s

During the 1960s and 1970s, the notion that the uterus is a useless and pathological organ after a woman has had ‘enough’ children emerged alongside news reports of excessive hysterectomy in Taiwan. This notion and hysterectomy became two sides of the same coin, the former pointing to the burden of birth control and cancer risk, and the latter to sterilization and removing cancer risk. I explore how, in post-war Taiwan, the notion became commonplace through the intersection of three historical formations: the medical tradition of employing surgery to manage risk (such as appendectomy for appendicitis), American-dominated family planning projects that intensified the surgical approach and promoted reproductive rationality, and cancer prevention campaigns that helped cultivate a sense of cancer risk. The gender politics operating in the family planning and cancer prevention projects were apparent. The burden of birth control fell mainly on women, and the cancer prevention campaign, centring almost exclusively on early detection of cervical cancer, made cancer into a woman’s disease. I argue that the discourses of reproductive rationality and disease risk were parallel and, in several key ways, intersecting logics that rendered the uterus useless and pathological and then informed surgeons’ practice of hysterectomy. Exploring the ways in which the uterus was envisioned and targeted in the history of medicine in Taiwan, this paper shows overlapping bio-politics in three strands of research in an East Asian context – namely women’s health, family planning and cancer prevention – and offers a case for global comparison.     

Parp‐1 deficiency in ES cells promotes invasive and metastatic lesions accompanying induction of trophoblast giant cells during tumorigenesis in uterine environment

Embryonic stem (ES) cells deficient in poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (Parp‐1) develop into teratocarcinomas with the appearance of trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) when injected subcutaneously into nude mice. Because the uterus is one of the original organs in which germ cell tumors develop with induction of trophoblast lineage, here we investigated whether Parp‐1 deficiency in ES cells affects teratocarcinoma formation processes by grafting ES cells into the horns of uteri. Teratocarcinomas developed from both wild‐type (Parp‐1^+/+) and Parp‐1^?/? ES cells. The weights of the tumors derived from Parp‐1^?/? ES cells were lower than those of the tumors derived from Parp‐1^+/+ ES cells (P < 0.05). The Parp‐1^?/? tumors showed the appearance of TGCs. Notably, organ metastasis to the lung and liver was observed for the Parp‐1^?/? tumors, but not for the Parp‐1^+/+ tumors (P < 0.05). Invasions were more frequently observed with the Parp‐1^?/? tumors compared with the Parp‐1^+/+ tumors (P < 0.05). Since TGCs are known to have invasive properties, the appearance of TGCs may have supported the metastatic process. The present findings suggest that loss of Parp‐1 during teratocarcinoma formation might augment invasive and metastatic properties of the tumors in the uterine environment.     

瘢痕子宫孕妇阴道试产对母儿结局的影响

目的 探讨瘢痕子宫孕妇不同分娩方式的选择以及对母儿结局的影响。方法 选择2017年1月至2018年12月在合肥市第一人民医院产科住院且符合剖宫产后阴道试产纳入标准的产妇160例,依据医生评估结果及产妇意愿选择分娩方式,按实际分娩结果分为剖宫产后阴道分娩（简称阴道分娩）组68例,再次剖宫产（简称剖宫产）组80例,12例因阴道试产失败急诊行子宫下段剖宫产术（简称阴道试产失败组）。同时选择同期住院分娩的40例单胎顺产初产妇作为对照组。比较各组产妇的临床特征以及分娩信息,分析影响瘢痕子宫产妇阴道试产成功的相关因素。结果 在瘢痕子宫患者中,阴道分娩成功率为85%。阴道分娩组与阴道试产失败组相比,孕妇体质量、体质量指数、距上次剖宫产时间、新生儿体质量、产时出血量、产后24 h出血量差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而孕妇年龄、孕次、产次、瘢痕厚度、新生儿Apgar评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。阴道分娩组孕妇体质量、体质量指数、孕周、距上次剖宫产时间、新生儿体质量、产后24 h出血量、住院时间均小于剖宫产组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,孕妇年龄、孕次、产次、瘢痕厚度、新生儿Apgar评分差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。阴道分娩组与对照组相比,分娩时出血量、产后24 h出血量、新生儿Apgar评分、产后住院时间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 瘢痕子宫孕妇在严格的操作规程以及孕期控制体质量指数、胎儿体质量可鼓励阴道试产。     

Dissociation of uterine eosinophilia and water imbibition from other estrogen-induced responses by nafoxidine pretreatment

We investigated the effect of pretreatment of immature rats with 5 or 50 micrograms nafoxidine (UA), or with 0.05 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on several uterine responses elicited by treatment with a test injection of 15 micrograms E2, administered 48 h after pretreatment. Early (6 h) and late (24 h) responses were measured, including wet weight, RNA, protein and glycogen content and number of blood eosinophils per uterus. The results showed that, like a 24 h pretreatment with 5 micrograms UA, a 48 h pretreatment with either of the UA doses dissociated the early wet weight response from the late responses to E2 treatment, only the former being restored. In the case of E2 pretreatment, both types of response to E2 treatment were reinstalled. By contrast, uterine eosinophilia, induced 6 and 24 h after E2 treatment, was not only restored but even markedly amplified following any of the 3 pretreatments. This was obtained without amplification of the early wet weight response and with various levels of the other parameters at the time of administration of the test E2 injection (i.e. due to the pretreatment alone). From this it may be concluded that if the previously documented correlation between estrogen-induced eosinophilia and edema actually reflects the existence of a causal link between the 2 responses, as postulated by Tchernitchin in 1972, this would be with eosinophils controlling edema, rather than the reverse. Testable working hypotheses for the mechanism of amplification of the eosinophil response are proposed.