基于熵权-AHP法结合响应面法优化复方黄芪方絮凝工艺

目的 研究中药水提液絮凝过程,优化复方黄芪方的絮凝纯化工艺。方法 通过考察不同种类絮凝剂对水提液中有效成分保留率、出膏率、pH、黏度、浊度、电导率的影响,确定用于絮凝工艺中效果最佳的絮凝剂;并通过单因素试验考察絮凝反应工艺条件对絮凝效果的影响。在此基础上,以黄芪甲苷保留率、总黄酮保留率、出膏率的熵权-层次分析法（AHP）综合评分为评价指标,搅拌速度、药液质量浓度、絮凝剂加入量为考察因素,利用Box-Behnken响应面法优化其最佳工艺参数。结果 确定采用壳聚糖溶液作为絮凝剂,AHP结合熵权法可用于絮凝工艺多指标权重的建立,最佳工艺参数确定为搅拌速度360 r·min^–1、药液质量浓度0.20 g·mL^–1、絮凝剂添加量4.00 g·L^–1;纯化后药液黄芪甲苷保留率、总黄酮保留率分别达到85.86%、71.52%,出膏率降至29.16%。结论 优化后的絮凝工艺稳定可行,为中药水提液纯化工艺研究提供参考。     

Use of a patient information system to audit the introduction of modified early warning scoring

Modified early warning scoring (MEWS) uses abnormalities in routine observations to identify patients at risk of critical illness. Nurses recorded scores at or above the medical response score of 3 on a hospital clinical information system during the first year of introducing MEWS to 10 wards in a university hospital. A total of 619 triggers were recorded in 365 patients. Fifty-nine required intensive care unit (ICU)/high dependency unit (HDU) care; 71 died. Survival was significantly worse for initial scores >4 (35/104 patients died) than for scores 3-4 (P<0.004). Multivariant analysis showed age (P<0.001) and trigger score (P<0.001) but not ward specialty (P=0.1) predicted death. Mean ages of survivors and non-survivors were 64 years (SD 18) and 74 years (SD 17), respectively. Addition of a score for age did not significantly increase the area under a receiver operator characteristic curve for the predictive value of MEWS scores. The study shows that increasing MEWS score is associated with worse outcome across a range of specialties and that nursing staff will use a patient information system to audit MEWS scores.     

Utility of the Guy’s Stone Score in predicting different aspects of percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Objective

To evaluate Guy’s scoring system (GSS) as a grading system for complexity of kidney stone before percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) as a predictor for different items of outcome.

糖尿病周围神经病变患者检测血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶的临床价值

目的探讨糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)患者检测血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的临床价值。方法采用化学发光法检测120例糖尿病并发周围神经病变患者(DPN组)、47例糖尿病未并发周围神经病变患者(DM组)、40例健康对照者(对照组)的血清NSE,并根据多伦多临床评分系统(TCSS)评分将120例DPN患者分为轻度组(35例)、中度组(51例)、重度组(34例)。结果⑴DPN组、DM组、对照组血清NSE相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),DPN组血清NSE显著高于DM组、对照组(P0.05),DM组与对照组血清NSE差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。⑵轻度组、中度组、重度组血清NSE相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),重度组血清NSE显著高于轻度组、中度组(P0.05),中度组血清NSE显著高于轻度组(P0.05)。结论血清NSE与DPN密切相关,血清NSE既可以用于DPN的诊断,还可以用于DPN的病情评估。     

Polysomnographic diagnosis of idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder

The presence of either excessive tonic chin EMG activity during REM sleep, or excessive phasic submental or limb EMG twitching is required to diagnose REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). The aim was to identify cut‐off values and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of these values taken separately or combined to diagnose idiopathic RBD patients. Eighty patients presenting with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic RBD and 80 age‐ and gender‐matched normal controls were studied in the sleep laboratory. Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn to find optimal cut‐off values for three REM sleep EMG parameters. Tonic and phasic EMG activity were measured in the chin, but not in the limbs. Videos were examined during the recording but were not systematically reviewed by the authors. Total correct classification of 81.9% was found for tonic chin EMG density ≥30%; 83.8% for phasic chin EMG density ≥15% and 75.6% for ≥24 leg movements per hour of REM sleep. Five patients did not fulfill any of these three polysomnographic (PSG) criteria. Conversely, one subject of the control group met the PSG criteria for RBD. This study estimates the diagnostic value of a visual scoring method for the diagnosis of idiopathic RBD and establishes cut‐off values to be used in clinical and research set‐ups. For the five RBD patients who did not show chin EMG abnormalities, it cannot be excluded that they had increased phasic EMG activity in the upper limbs and presented visible motor activity. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society     

急性非静脉曲张上消化道出血风险评估的临床研究

目的 探讨Rockall(RS)和Blatchford(BRS)评分系统对急性非静脉曲张上消化道出血(ANVUGIB)预后风险评估的准确性和临床实用性.方法 记录我院2009年1月至2009年12月间收治的195例符合研究标准及资料完整的ANVUGIB患者的临床资料,分别计算各患者RS和BRS分值进行危险分层,出院后随访30 d,并将死亡或出院后30 d的疾病转归作为临床研究终点.检验两评分系统对预后的预测能力.结果 195例患者中男150例,女45例,男女比例2.3:1.年龄15～85岁,平均(53.97±18.34)岁.年龄≥60岁患者(老年组)90例,年龄<60岁患者(非老年组)105例.生存182例(93.3%),死亡13例(6.7%),生存患者中再出血11例(5.6%).老年组患者病死率[12.2%(11/90)]、合并基础疾病率[43.3%(39/90)]及服阿司匹林[24.4%(22/90)]均高于非老年组患者[1.9%(2/105)、16.2%(17/105)和11.4%(12/105),P值均<0.05].RS预测死亡风险的曲线下面积(AUC)=0.742(P=0.004),预测再出血风险的AUC=0.469(P=0.101);BRS评分系统预测死亡风险AUC=0.493(P=0.067),预测再出血风险AUC=0.341(P=0.092).RS分值与住院天数呈正相关性,而BRS与住院天数关系无统计学意义.结论 RS评分系统对死亡预测能力良好,其分值高低与住院天数长短呈正相关,但对再出血预测能力较差.BRS对住院患者死亡和再出血预测能力均不理想,不适用于住院患者不良预后的风险预测.     

顺逆旋转及顺逆旋转延伸加压超声扫查法结合Alvarado评分对急性阑尾炎的诊断价值

目的探讨顺逆旋转及顺逆旋转延伸加压超声扫查法结合Alvarado评分对急性阑尾炎的辅助诊断价值。方法参照Alvarado评分（简称“评分”）,对我院超声科在2011年1～5月由急诊科医师拟诊为“急性阑尾炎”采用顺逆旋转及顺逆旋转延伸加压超声检查法的205例患者进行前瞻性分析。结果在本次研究拟诊为“急性阑尾炎”的205例中,有67例通过术后病理诊断确诊为阑尾炎,超声检查结合评分的准确率约为95．6％,灵敏度约为93．1％,特异性约为97．O％,阳性预测值94．4％,阴性预测值96．3％,关联系数为0．67,阴性阑尾切除率为5．97％。超声结合评分对急性阑尾炎的诊断结果如下：0～4分准确率为99．O％,灵敏度为91．7％,特异性为100％;5-6分准确率为88．6％,灵敏度为85．7％,特异性91.7％;7-8分准确率约为94．1％,灵敏度为97．1％,特异性为88．2％;9～10占准确率为100．O％,灵敏度为100．0％,特异性为100．0％。使用Pearsonx。检验,对顺逆旋转及顺逆旋转延伸加压超声扫查法结合Alvarado评分与临床最终诊断的关联性进行分析,其与临床最终诊断相关联,差异有统计学意义（x^2=167．31,P〈0．05）。结论顺逆旋转及顺逆旋转延伸加压超声扫查法结合Alvarado评分对急性阑尾炎的辅助诊断有一定的价值。     

改良头位分娩评分法在头位难产中应用研究

目的:探讨改良头位分娩评分法用于识别初产妇头位难产的可行性和临床价值。方法:对420例足月分娩初产妇应用改良头位分娩评分法进行适时评分,采取相应措施,选择正确分娩方式进行分娩。结果:420例孕妇中经阴道分娩为313例(74.5%),剖宫产的为107例(25.5%);新生儿窒息的发生率为5.2%(22/420);其中改良评分在80分以上的产妇经阴道分娩率为95.7%(267/279),剖宫产率为4.3%(12/279),评分在80分以下的产妇经阴道分娩率为67.4%(95/141),剖宫产率为32.6%(46/141),两者间比较,差异具统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:改良头位分娩评分可及时地、准确地判断头位难产,便于医生作出正确选择,减少新生儿窒息的发生。     

M-POSSUM评分预测老年胃肠道肿瘤患者手术风险的临床意义

目的:应用M-POSSUM评分对老年胃肠道肿瘤患者手术风险进行评估,以评价该评分的临床有效性,同时对多个手术风险的单因素进行分析,为临床治疗决策提供参考。方法:对250例手术的老年胃肠道肿瘤手术患者进行M-POSSUM评分,同时统计术后实际并发症和死亡率,并与评分预测值进行比较,就有可能产生并发症和死亡的多个单因素进行比较分析。结果:M-POSSUM评分预测并发症和死亡率分别为36.7%和7.8%,与实际并发症(32.4%)和死亡率(5.6%)较为接近;单因素分析比较显示6个单因素与并发症的产生有关联,2个单因素与患者死亡有关联。结论:M-POSSUM评分系统可以较好地预测老年胃肠道肿瘤患者术后并发症和死亡率;6个手术风险的单因素应引起临床医师的高度重视。     

Programming InterStim™ for faecal incontinence

Objective  Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for faecal incontinence (FI) is achieved by implanting a pulse generator attached to a tined lead with individually programmable electrodes. Our aim was to establish whether the 'ideal' programme for the treatment of FI has been used most commonly. We also wished to determine whether re-programming changed the symptom severity scores.
Method  The following data were extracted from our SNS patient database: the frequency with which each programme was used, the length of time it was effective for, the number of months from implantation that the programme was started and the symptom severity scores prior to a change or no change in programme.
Results  Thirty-eight patients have had implanted pulse generators inserted since 2004. One hundred and two programme changes were documented in the database. The 'ideal' programme was not most commonly programmed. The common programmes were effective for longest. The electrode furthest from the tip was used in the initial programme only once and the median duration from implantation to the start of a programme including it is 13 months. Symptom severity scores were significantly higher in patients who required re-programming than in those whose programme remained unchanged.
Conclusions  In our patients the 'ideal' programme was not the programme used most frequently, nor for the longest duration. The theoretical migration of the tined lead inwards with time is upheld by our results. Patients who feel the sensation of SNS perianally have lower symptom scores than those who do not and who require re-programming.