Psychosocial correlates of alcohol intake among women aged 45 to 64 years: The Framingham Study

This study of 749 women, aged 45 to 64 years, investigates the psychological, behavioral, and social correlates of alcohol intake. These data from the Framingham Study are uniquely based on a community sample of women, which results in a normative study of drinking behavior in women. Two measures of alcohol intake were utilized in these analyses: (1) the frequency of alcohol intake over 1 week and (2) drinking vs abstaining from alcohol. Among this sample of women, increased socioeconomic status, worrying about aging, and being easily upset were positively associated with frequency of alcohol intake. The rigid attitude scale was the strongest discriminating variable for drinkers vs nondrinkers. Older women were more likely to be nondrinkers compared to younger women, however, among older women, being a homemaker was significantly associated with increased alcohol intake. Contrarily, younger women who were homemakers were more likely to be abstainers than women employed outside the home. As would be expected, cigarette smoking was associated with drinking alcohol.This research is dedicated in fond remembrance to our friend and colleague Joseph Stokes III, M.D.     

HBV-DNA阳性育龄妇女HBV血清标志物、前S1抗原的检测分析

目的：探讨HBV—DNA阳性育龄妇女病毒复制与HBV标志物及前S1抗原的关系。方法：对1643例慢性乙型肝炎育龄妇女采用荧光定量PCR法检测血清HBV—DNA，酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测HBV标志物和前S1抗原。结果：HBV—DNA阳性育龄妇女432例。其中，HBsAg阴性者占19．44％，前S1抗原总阳性率55．09％，且随着HBV—DNA载量增加，前S1抗原阳性率也升高。结论：采用HBV—DNA、HBV标志物、前S1抗原联检，才能更准确提供育龄妇女HBV感染诊疗依据，有效控制HBV感染率。     

Bioavailability of oestradiol and oestriol administered orally to oophorectomized women

A bioavailability study was performed on ten oophorectomized women in a randomized cross-over design. The absorption of tablets containing 2 mg of micronized oestradiol and 1 mg of micronized oestriol (Estrofem®) was compared to the absorption of the same micronized hormones administered in an aqueous suspension. Serum concentration values of oestradiol, oestriol and oestrone were measured by radioimmunoassay. The data obtained were analyzed both by univariate and multivariate analyses, and neither the serum concentrations at the various sample times, the maximum concentrations, the times for the maximum concentrations, nor the areas under the serum concentration curves disclosed any significant differences between the tablet and suspension administrations at the 5% level. The serum concentration values achieved by giving 2 mg of oestradiol and 1 mg of oestriol were of the same magnitude or higher than those of the normal menstrual cycle.     

农村妇女就医选择行为的影响因素——基于2018年CFPS数据分析

目的 为引导农村妇女合理有序就医,本文基于计划行为理论框架探索其就医选择行为的影响因素。方法 运用2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据,采用二元Probit回归、Bootstrap抽样方法对农村妇女就医选择行为的影响因素进行研究。结果 农村妇女的就医选择行为受到其主观态度、结构性因素和知觉行为控制因素的正向影响（β = 0.403,0.388,0.096,P＜0.05）,医疗自付费用支出在农村妇女主观态度及其就医选择行为间起部分中介作用（β = 0.135,95%CI: 0.026～0.054）。 结论 农村妇女就医选择行为受到主观态度、结构性因素和知觉行为控制因素的影响,应加大健康教育宣传力度;合理统筹医联体医保政策;夯实农村基层首诊制度,推进基层医院家庭医生签约服务,提升农村基层医疗卫生服务利用效率,对农村妇女就医选择行为进行有针对性的干预。     

降钙素原、C-反应蛋白与妊娠晚期B族链球菌感染状态的关系

目的探讨血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平在妊娠晚期B族链球菌(group B streptococcus,GBS)阳性孕妇感染状态中的判断价值。方法选取2018年4月至2019年12月在华北理工大学附属医院分娩的妊娠晚期GBS阳性孕妇190例为研究对象,其中GBS带菌46例(GBS带菌组)、GBS亚临床感染120例(GBS亚感染组)、绒毛膜羊膜炎24例(GBS羊膜炎组);选择同期在我院分娩的正常妊娠晚期孕妇20例为正常组。待研究对象分娩后,取母体肘静脉血,采用电化学发光法检测血清CRP、PCT水平,分析每组孕妇血清CRP、PCT水平变化。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析CRP、PCT对妊娠晚期GBS阳性孕妇感染状态的诊断效能。结果GBS带菌组孕妇血清CRP水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PCT无明显差异;GBS亚感染组和GBS羊膜炎组孕妇血清PCT和CRP均升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与GBS羊膜炎组孕妇血清PCT和CRP相比较,GBS带菌组和GBS亚感染组孕妇血清PCT和CRP均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与GBS亚感染组孕妇血清PCT和CRP相比较,GBS带菌组孕妇血清PCT和CRP均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GBS阳性孕妇血清中PCT检测的AUC分别为0.165、0.632、0.988,血清中CRP检测的AUC分别为0.168、0.687、0.934,其中血清PCT和CRP在GBS羊膜炎的诊断效能最高;GBS亚感染次之;GBS带菌的诊断效能相对最低。结论妊娠晚期GBS感染孕妇血清中PCT、CRP含量对GBS羊膜炎的预测有一定的价值,能够作为GBS阳性孕妇感染状态的早期诊断指标。     

初次妊娠孕妇妊娠期缺铁性贫血及贫血程度的影响因素分析

目的探讨初次妊娠孕妇妊娠期缺铁性贫血及贫血程度的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年12月我院收治的980例初次妊娠孕妇的临床资料,依据是否出现缺铁性贫血分为对照组(未出现缺铁性贫血,800例)和观察组(出现缺铁性贫血,180例)。根据病情严重程度将观察组分为轻度组(血红蛋白100~109 g/L, 100例)、中度组(血红蛋白70~99g/L, 60例)和重度组(血红蛋白40~69 g/L, 20例),分析四组孕妇的临床特点,以及初次妊娠孕妇妊娠期缺铁性贫血与贫血程度的影响因素。结果两组的孕次、文化程度、家庭人均月收入水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。轻度组、中度组、重度组年龄≥35岁、膳食铁摄入差、孕前保健<3次占比均高于对照组(P <0.05)。经Logistic多因素分析显示,年龄≥35岁、膳食铁摄入差、孕前保健<3次均为妊娠期缺铁性贫血发生的危险因素(OR>1, P <0.05)。结论高龄、膳食铁摄入差、孕前保健次数少是引发妊娠期缺铁性贫血的危险因素。     

Exploratory Efficacy of Calcium-Vitamin D Milk Fortification and Periodontal Therapy on Maternal Oral Health and Metabolic and Inflammatory Profile

In this 2 × 2 factorial, outcome-assessor blinded, feasibility randomised trial we explored the effect of a non-pharmaceutical multi-component intervention on periodontal health and metabolic and inflammatory profiles among pregnant women with periodontitis receiving prenatal care in a Brazilian public health centre. 69 pregnant women (gestational age ≤20 weeks, T0) were randomly allocated into four groups: (1) fortified sachet (vitamin D and calcium) and powdered milk plus periodontal therapy during pregnancy (early PT) (n = 17); (2) placebo sachet and powdered milk plus early PT (n = 15); (3) fortified sachet and powdered milk plus late PT (after delivery) (n = 19); (4) placebo sachet and powdered milk plus late PT (n = 18). Third trimester (T1) and 6–8 weeks postpartum (T2) exploratory outcomes included periodontal health (% sites with bleeding on probing (BOP)), glucose, insulin, C-Reactive Protein, serum calcium and vitamin D. The mean BOP was significantly reduced in the early PT groups, while BOP worsened in the late PT groups. No significant effect of fortification on BOP was observed. Changes in glucose levels and variation on birthweight did not differ among groups This feasibility trial provides preliminary evidence for estimating the minimum clinically important differences for selected maternal outcomes. A large-scale trial to evaluate the interventions’ clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness is warranted.     

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Selected Lifestyle Elements among Young Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus from Northeast Poland: A Case-Control COVID-19 Survey

An appropriate balanced diet and dietary patterns are important at every stage of life, but in the case of young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), it is especially crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to assess health and nutritional behaviors, mainly adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland among women with T1DM, and to compare them with a healthy population. This survey (based on a questionnaire) was conducted in December 2020 and included 219 young women, healthy (n = 106) and with T1DM (n = 113), from northeast Poland. Over 30% of the study group admitted that they did not engage in any physical activity. A large proportion declared that their screen time was 5–7 h a day (48% in control and 40% in T1DM group). High intakes of sweet-beverages, sweets and red meat, but also low intakes of olive oil, fish and nuts were observed. The vast majority of participants (60% vs. 71%) were moderately adherent to the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). The study demonstrated that despite the similarity between the behaviors of healthy people and those with T1DM, negative health and nutritional practices, such as low physical activity, long screen time, medium and high levels of stress and inappropriate eating habits were observed.     

Evaluation of Serum Zinc Status of Pregnant Women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum zinc status of pregnant women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) in 2015–2016. Methods: A total of 7147 apparently healthy pregnant women were randomly selected in 302 national monitoring sites. Information on age, race, residence region, education, pregnancy, and family income per annum was collected, and the concentration of serum zinc was determined. The evaluation of serum zinc status was further performed according to the recommendations by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG). Results: The median concentration of serum zinc was 858.9 μg/L with an interquartile range (IQR) of 712.9 μg/L and 1048.9 μg/L, while the overall prevalence of zinc deficiency was 3.5% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.0% and 3.9%. Serum zinc status of pregnant women changed greatly in the different categories, particular in pregnancy and family income per annum (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of zinc deficiency (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The lower prevalence of zinc deficiency generally indicated a better zinc status for pregnant women in the CACDNS in 2015–2016. However, a well-designed evaluation system of zinc status for pregnant women should be continually optimized and improved by inducing more parameters such as biochemical, dietary, or functional indicators.     

What Are the Maternal Factors that Potentially Intervenes in the Nutritional Composition of Human Milk?

Background: To evaluate the potential factors associated with the nutritional composition of human milk of puerperal women. Methods: cross-sectional study, conducted between March 2016 and August 2017, with 107 women, selected in a Tertiary Health Care Tertiary Health Facility of the Unified Health System (SUS) in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected two months after delivery. The dependent variable of the study was the nutritional composition of human milk. We divided the independent variables into hierarchical levels: distal (age, schooling, parity and pregestational nutritional status), intermediate (number of prenatal visits and gestational weight gain) and proximal (alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes mellitus and hypertension). For data analysis, we applied the multiple linear regression, centered on the hierarchical model. Only the variables associated with the nutritional composition of breast milk remained in the final model at a 5% level of significance. Results: The nutritional composition of human milk yielded by women with pregestational overweight, smokers and hypertensive had higher amounts of lipids and energy. Conversely, women with gestational weight gain below the recommended had lower amounts of these components. Conclusion: The evaluation of factors associated with the nutritional composition of human milk is extremely important to assist post-partum care practices. In this study, we observed that lipid and energy contents were associated to pregestational nutritional status, gestational weight gain, smoking and hypertension.