妇科疾病中人乳头瘤病毒感染的分子流行病学调查

目的:探讨各种妇科疾病与人乳头瘤病毒感染的关系,建立不同妇科疾病和不同年龄段妇女人乳头瘤病毒感染的流行病学资料库。方法:应用反向点杂交技术分别对疾病组1 512例病人标本和正常组500例标本进行HPV检测,所得数据用SPSS 13.0软件包进行统计分析。结果:正常组500例标本中,阳性标本101例,感染率为20.2%,疾病组1 512例标本中,阳性标本523例,感染率为34.6%,其中双重感染82例,占阳性标本的15.7%,多重感染34例,占阳性标本的6.5%,而高危感染340例,感染率为22.5%,占阳性标本的65.0%,其中单纯HPV16亚型感染155例,占所有阳性标本的29.6%;不同年龄段、不同性生活史、不同妇科疾病以及不同首次性生活年龄的HPV感染检出率都有显著性差异。结论:正常组和疾病组的HPV感染率有显著性差异(2χ=36.37,P<0.01)。在HPV感染的普查中可以有重点的选择高危人群,这样更加有针对性,从而大大降低普查成本。     

Presenting symptoms and natural history of Wilson disease

The presenting symptoms of Wilson disease and its natural history as related to age are described based on 283 cases collected in Japan. The disease presented with a variety of signs and symptoms; the most frequent were in order of frequency jaundice, dysarthria, clumsiness, tremor, drooling, gait disturbance, malaise and arthralgia. The mean age at onset of the disease was 12.0 years. Hepatic and osteoarthral symptoms developed early and neurological symptoms late. Fifty-eight cases develolped neurological symptoms only, 28 cases had hepatic symptoms only, and in 26 cases hepatic mortality rate was observed in hepatic, hepato-haematological and hepato-renal cases mainly due to acute hepatic failure resulting in death only a few weeks after onset. Cases having only neurological symptoms showed a more favourable prognosis with a longer survival.     

尼莫地平对阿尔茨海默病大鼠脑组织NO、NOS含量及行为学的影响

目的：探讨尼莫地平对阿尔茨海默病（AD）大鼠脑组织一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）浓度及行为学改变的影响。方法：SD大鼠30只，随机分为空白对照组,AD模型组和尼莫地平组，采用大鼠脑组织立体定位微量注射技术，尼莫地平组和AD模型组用鹅膏蕈氨酸（IBO）1μl(5μg)损毁大鼠双侧迈内特基底核（nbM）建立AD动物模型，空白对照组以0.1mol/L pH7.4PB液代替IBO。尼莫地平组给予尼莫地平0.5mg/kg，空白对照组和AD模型组以生理盐水代替尼莫地平，连续灌胃60d，每d2次，每次2ml。做迷宫试验及跳台试验测学习记忆能力，然后将大鼠断头处死，分离海马及大脑皮质，分别检测NO,NOS含量。结果：AD模型组较空白对照组学习记忆能力显著降低，海马及大脑皮质NO,NOS含量显著升高，尼莫地平较AD模型组学习记忆能力显著升高，海马及大脑皮质NO、NOS含量显著降低。结论：用IBO损毁大鼠双侧nbM可建立AD动物模型，尼莫地平可显著改变AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力，降低海马及大脑皮质NO、NOS含量。     

现代观念与电视剧创作

转型期的文学艺术总体格局出现了引人注目的变化 ,电视剧已成为百姓日常文化消费的主要对象 ;在艺术风格上呈现世俗化、平民化趋向的电视剧创作 ,同样要“代表先进文化的前进方向” ,这就要求创作者更新并优化观念。现代观念的涵义是丰富的 ,与时俱进的 ;一些电视剧的缺失都可以从中找到原因。而近几年涌现的一批在大众化、精品化方面取得重大进展的多种题材的电视剧 ,关键在于观念的突破带动了思想和艺术的创新     

醒脑静注射液治疗肺性脑病31例疗效分析

目的 :探讨醒脑静注射液治疗肺性脑病的临床疗效。方法 :采用随机分组对照法 ,将 6 1例肺性脑病患者分为加用醒脑静组 (治疗组 ) 31例和单纯西药治疗组 (对照组 ) 30例 ,进行疗效对比分析。结果 :治疗组治愈12例 ,有效 15例 ,总有效率 87.10 % ;对照组治愈 5例 ,有效 16例 ,总有效率 70 .0 % ,2组疗效差异有显著性(P<0 .0 5 )。从时效关系看 :治疗组对意识障碍的起效时间〔(72 .0 0± 33.94 )小时〕明显快于对照组〔(117.71± 34.70 )小时 ,P<0 .0 1〕,表现为促醒时间短 ,意识恢复正常快 ,并能达到镇静安神的作用 ;从改善原发病症状、体征及血气指标看 :治疗组在改善头痛、失眠、多语、幻觉、谵妄、狂躁及喘憋等症状方面明显优于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,对降低 Pa CO2 效果亦明显优于对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :醒脑静注射液具有开窍醒脑、行痰通瘀、镇静止痉和清热解毒等功效 ,是防治肺性脑病的安全、有效药物。     

巴金森氏病智力损害与年龄、病程、运动障碍的关系

巴金森氏病病人的年龄、起病年龄、病程、运动障碍的严重程度与其智力损害的关系至今仍存有争议。为此用定量的临床评定方法、标准化的韦氏成人智力测验对31名连续收选的特发性巴金森氏病进行了研究。结果发现缓动的严重程度与智力损害明显相关,而震颤严重程度与智力损害呈反相关。病人的年龄、起病年龄、病程及强直的程度与智力损害无明显相关。这些结果提示引起缓动的皮层下脑损害同样可能引起智力损害,而有明显震颤的巴金森氏病可能属于该病的早期或属于智力损害较轻的一种巴金森氏病亚型。     

消化系疾患的血清氨基酸检测

本文报告50名正常人及73例消化系疾病患者血清游离氨基酸检测结果。使用氨基酸自动分析仪,对血中40余种氨基酸组分进行定性定量测定。肝硬化病人芳香氨基酸显著升高,支/芳分子比值明显低于正常值(P<0.01),甲硫氨酸、色氨酸均升高.肝脓疡.消化道肿瘤患者也有此种变化(P<0.05)。统计21种组分中,各病理组有10多种组分有非常显著差异(P<0.01)。结果提示:血液氨基酸测定可为某些消化系疾患,尤其是肝病的诊治提供较好指标。本文改进自动分析条件,节省时间。节约试剂。     

Legionnaires' Disease in Leukaemic Reticuloendotheliosis

At our hospital 15 cases of leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis and 4 cases of Legionnaires' disease have been diagnosed. 3 patients had both diseases. The clinical findings are reported. It is probable that patients with leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis have an increased susceptibility to Legionnaires' disease. Possible reasons for the decreased resistance are discussed.     

Pharmaceutical Policy and the Lay Public*

Almost every national and supranational health policy document accords high importance to the need to listen to and ‘empower’ patients. The relationship between pharmaceutical policy and the lay public is not direct but mediated by several actors, including health care workers, patient organisations, industry and, most recently, the media. Although the overall aim of health and pharmaceutical policy is to address the needs of all citizens, there are only a few, well organised groups who are actually consulted and involved in the policymaking process, often with the support of the industry. The reasons for this lack of citizen involvement in health and pharmaceutical policymaking are many, for example: there is no consensus about what public involvement means; there is a predominance of special interest groups with narrow, specific agendas; not all decision makers welcome lay participation; patients and professionals have different rationalities with regard to their views on medicine. Because the lay public and medicine users are not one entity, one of the many challenges facing policy makers today is to identify, incorporate and prioritise the many diverse needs. The authors recommend research which includes studies that look at: lay attitudes towards pharmaceutical policy; lay experiences of drug therapy and how it affects their daily lives; the problem of identifying lay representatives; the relationship between industry and the consumers; the effect of the media on medicine users and on pharmaceutical policy itself. The authors acknowledge that although lay involvement in policy is still in its infancy, some patient organisations have been successful and there are developments towards increased lay involvement in pharmaceutical policymaking. This article is the fourth in a series of articles on this topic that will appear in Pharmacy World & Science during 2005.