Two screening instruments for collecting alcohol-related information from expectant mothers and fathers: Testing the reliability of the Parent Alcohol Screening Questionnaire and the Social Support for an Alcohol-Free Pregnancy Questionnaire

The aim is to test the reliability of two alcohol screening instruments: (1) The Parent Alcohol Screening Questionnaire (PASQ5), and (2) the Social Support for an Alcohol-free Pregnancy (SSAFP) questionnaire. This is a cohort study from the south of Sweden using repeated surveys during pregnancy. To examine if responses differed according to different data collection methods, two cohorts consisting of 289 expectant mothers and 141 fathers completed the PASQ5 both verbally (weeks 6–7) and in writing (week 12) within regular antenatal visits. One of the cohorts (n = 137/64) also completed the SSAFP in week 12 and later in week 33. The third cohort, consisting of 179 and 133 expectant mothers and fathers, respectively, completed the PASQ5 and the SSAFP twice in late pregnancy (week 31 + 33). Eight of 10 items in the PASQ5 were stable for both expectant mothers and expectant fathers when comparing verbal versus written-delivered formats. Eight of 10 questions in the PASQ5 were stable when assessing the items in a test–retest analysis in late pregnancy for expectant mothers and nine of 10 questions were stable for fathers. The SSAFP items showed high internal consistency (0.86) for expectant mothers and excellent internal consistency (0.94) for expectant fathers. Most SSAFP items (17 of 21 for expectant mothers and 18 of 22 for expectant fathers) were also stable in a test–retest scenario in late pregnancy. Both the PASQ5 and SSAFP are reliable tools and may be helpful for clinicians who aim to have a deeper dialogue about alcohol consumption during pregnancy. These tools may also be helpful for researchers aiming to better understand a person's changes in alcohol intake and/or their social support network.     

Assessing attitudes towards online psychoeducational interventions: Psychometric properties of a Brief Attitudes Scale

Participant attitudes are an explanatory factor for attrition in online health-related interventions. However, its assessment prior to interventions start is uncommon, partly because proper measures are missing. This study presents the psychometric properties of a new scale measuring attitudes towards online psychoeducational interventions (OPIs). Structural validity, reliability and screening performance of the Online Psychoeducational Intervention – Brief Attitudes Scale (OPI-BAS) were studied in a sample of 157 dementia caregivers. Scale cut-off scores were derived to categorise the participants into ‘OPIs sympathisers’ or ‘non-sympathisers’. Groups were compared across sociodemographic and internet use variables. A parsimonious five-item version of OPI-BAS demonstrated good structural validity, with one factor explaining 63.3% of variance. Internal consistency of the scale was high (α = 0.85). OPI-BAS showed good screening performance in identifying individuals with either a preference to use conventional face-to-face or online psychoeducational interventions (area under the curve = 0.84). An optimal cut-off score of 20 was suggested by the receiver operating characteristic graph, providing good sensitivity (74%) and specificity (84%). No significant differences were found between groups on sociodemographic and internet use variables. Attitudes towards OPIs were overall positive, but face-to-face interventions were preferred. This study offers preliminary support to the psychometric quality of OPI-BAS. This short scale has practical applications for research and intervention.     

补气活血止痛汤配合硫辛酸注射液对糖尿病周围神经病变 患者炎症反应和下肢神经功能的影响

目的:探讨补气活血止痛汤配合硫辛酸注射液对糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)患者的炎症反应和下肢神经功能的影响。方法:选取2018年1月—2019年12月在上海市静安区江宁路街道社区卫生服务中心收治的DPN患者148例,按照随机对照的方法,随机分为对照组(n=74)和观察组(n=74),对照组给予硫辛酸注射液治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予补气活血止痛汤治疗,4周为1个疗程,连续用药2个疗程后比较临床疗效。结果:观察组治疗后患者IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α及CRP水平较对照组显著下降(P<0.05);观察组治疗后左胫神经、右胫神经、左腓总神经和右腓总神经传导速度较对照组显著提高(P<0.05);观察组治疗后TCSS、TSS和NRS评分较对照组临床症状评分下降更明显(P<0.05)。结论:补气活血止痛汤配合硫辛酸注射液可显著降低炎症反应、促进神经传导功能,从而改善DPN患者的临床症状。     

布地奈德联合福莫特罗干粉剂在急诊治疗重症支气管哮喘患者中的应用效果评价

目的 观察布地奈德联合福莫特罗干粉剂在急诊治疗重症支气管哮喘患者中的应用效果。方法 参照随机数字表法,将2017年7月—2019年6月在某医院接受急诊治疗的40例重症支气管哮喘患者分为两组,每组各20例。对照组患者采用布地奈德治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合福莫特罗干粉剂治疗。两组患者均治疗1个月,观察两组C反应蛋白(CRP)、血常规水平及肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1与用力肺活量(FCV)比值(FEV1/FCV)和最大呼气流量(PEF)]。结果 治疗期间对照组患者夜间睡眠时憋醒次数为(13.55±3.25)次,观察组患者夜间睡眠时憋醒次数为(5.25±0.95)次;组间相比,差异有统计学意义(t=10.962,P<0.05);治疗后,观察组CRP、白细胞计数、嗜酸性粒细胞比率、淋巴细胞比率分别为:(12.36±1.43)mg/L、(6.31±1.05)×109/L、(4.82±2.03)%、(20.06±2.48)%,均低于对照组的(15.98±1.95)mg/L、(8.59±1.34)×109/L、(6.79±2.68)%、(25.09±3.12)%,(t值分别为6.695、5.990、2.621、5.644,P值均<0.05);治疗后,观察组FEV1、PEF及FEV1/FCV水平分别为:(2.51±0.70)L、(3.28±0.75)L/s、(75.38±8.49)%,均高于对照组(2.02±0.52)L、(2.76±0.66)L/s、(62.63±6.89)%,(t 值分别为2.513、2.328、5.215,P值均<0.05)。结论 布地奈德联合福莫特罗干粉剂在急诊重症支气管哮喘患者的治疗中效果较好,能有效改善CRP及血常规水平,提高肺功能。     

躯体形式障碍患者社会支持与家庭功能特征研究

目的 探讨躯体形式障碍患者社会支持及家庭功能特征。方法 2017—2018年,收集就诊于综合医院心理门诊的躯体形式障碍患者48例,以性别、年龄、学历匹配正常人群47例进行对照研究,用一般人口学调查表、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、家庭功能评定量表(FAD)、家庭亲密度及适应性量表(FACES-II)进行评估,采用多元线性回归分析对躯体形式障碍的危险因素进行分析。结果 躯体形式障碍患者在社会支持总分[(34.58±7.47)vs(40.25±7.16)]、客观支持评分[(7.54±2.34)vs(8.85±2.89)]、主观支持评分[(20.02±4.44)vs(23.30±4.52)]、社会支持利用度评分[(6.00±2.02)vs(7.79±2.05)]、家庭亲密度评分[(54.35±10.87) vs (63.91±15.55)]、适应性评分[(35.75±10.27)vs (42.38±13.37)]均低于正常对照组(t值分别为-3.78、-2.43、-3.57、-4.28、-3.47、-2.71,P值分别为0.000、0.017、0.001、0.000、0.001、0.008);两组在问题解决、角色、情感反应、行为控制因子的评分差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05),躯体形式障碍患者在沟通评分[(2.69±0.57) vs (2.11±0.36),(t=5.95,P=0.004)]、情感介入评分[(2.60±0.36) vs (2.24±0.49),(t=4.13,P=0.032)]、家庭总的功能评分[(2.80±0.56)vs( 2.07±0.43),(t=7.14,P=0.004)]均高于正常对照组。多元线性回归分析结果显示问题解决、角色、情感反应是躯体形式障碍的危险因素(R=0.91,P＜0.01)。结论 躯体形式障碍患者在社会支持、家庭亲密度、适应性、沟通、情感介入方面表现较差,问题解决、角色、情感反应对躯体形式障碍的发病具有预测作用,其中影响最显著的为情感反应因子。     

早期心脏康复对先心病患儿介入术后心功能及运动耐力的影响

目的 探索早期心脏康复在先心病介入术治疗患儿中应用对心功能、运动耐力的影响。方法 在我科2017年1月—2019年8月收诊的先心病介入术治疗患儿中选出100例为研究对象,根据术后护理方法分组,对照组患儿给予常规护理措施,实验组患儿在此基础上给予早期心脏康复护理,对比两组的术后心电监护时间、术后住院时间、心功能、6 min步行距离、生存质量评分等。结果 实验组患儿术后心电监护时间和住院时间均短于对照组,t值分别为6.803、9.369,P＜0.001;术前两组的LVEF、LVED差异无统计学意义,t值分别为0.354、0.380,P值为0.724、0.705,术后12周,两组的LVEF、LVED差异无统计学意义,t值分别为0.666、0.659,P值为0.507、0.511;实验组内LVEF、LVED差异有统计学意义,t值分别是7.841、6.055,P＜0.001,对照组内LVEF、LVED差异有统计学意义,t值分别是7.294、4.871,P＜0.001;术后12周,实验组的6 min步行距离长于对照组,t值为7.617,P＜0.001;术后12周生存质量量表的心脏症状、外貌感受、治疗焦虑、认知心理、交流沟通评分比较:实验组均高于对照组,t值分别是5.133、4.603、4.073、3.843、4.361,P＜0.001。结论 早期心脏康复在先心病介入术患儿中应用效果肯定,有助于促进患儿术后运动耐力的改善,促进患儿术后早日康复,提高生存质量。     

重症肺炎机械通气患者早期肺功能康复研究进展

重症肺炎好发于中老年群体,发病机制为人体发生病原体感染所致的毒血症、血液循环障碍,临床症状包括体温升高、咳嗽、咳痰、血压低、休克等。随着病情继续发展,易导致患者呼吸衰竭,危及生命。所以当前临床主张采用机械通气法干预重症肺炎相关症状,促使患者可正常通气,呼吸疲劳得以较快改善,肺功能逐渐恢复,进一步提升患者疾病预后疗效。机械通气又称辅助通气,是采用机械手段来帮助或代替自主呼吸,近年来应用于重症患者,效果较为理想。本文检索了多名学者关于重症肺炎患者机械通气治疗期间的早期肺功能康复情况研究文章,对于早期肺功能康复疗法的相关内容进行了综述,希望可以为后续更多接受机械通气治疗的重症肺炎患者提供早期肺功能康复干预的方法指导。     

基于数据挖掘的低增生性骨髓增生异常综合征与再生障碍性贫血分类模型研究

目的 构建低增生性骨髓增生异常综合征（hypo-MDS）与再生障碍性贫血（AA）鉴别诊断的决策树、贝叶斯、卷积神经网络、改进的支持向量机四种模型并选择出最优模型。方法 收集2010—2019年华北理工大学附属医院的AA与hypo-MDS患者的病例资料,使用统计学方法筛选指标,将处理后的样本以4[DK]∶1随机分为训练集和测试集,构建决策树、贝叶斯、卷积神经网络、改进的支持向量机四种模型,采用五折交叉验证法多次重复验证,通过灵敏度、AUC等指标评价鉴别诊断效果。结果 hypo-MDS患者红细胞、血红蛋白含量等指标低于AA患者,成熟单核细胞比例等指标高于AA患者,年龄和职业分布也存在差异(P＜0.05）;最终选出21个特异性指标。四种模型的分类效果比较:灵敏度分别为82.56%、65.12%、87.21%、79.07%;AUC分别为0.81、0.68、0.82、0.83;准确率分别为75.32%、69.48%、77.27%、74.03%。对卷积神经网络的误判病例分析得出年龄、血成熟淋巴细胞等7个指标均存在差异（P＜0.05）。结论 在决策树、贝叶斯、卷积神经网络、改进的支持向量机四种诊断模型中,卷积神经网络具有最佳分类效果。     

社会活动对老年人认知功能的影响

目的 探讨社会活动对不同性别和年龄的中国老年人认知功能的影响。方法 运用2018年“中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查”的15424份数据。通过MMSE-R量表评价老人认知功能。控制居住地、受教育水平、配偶、自评健康状态、慢性病等因素,运用二元logistic回归分析社会活动对不同性别、年龄段老人认知功能的作用。结果 我国60岁以上老年人认知障碍发生率为34.88%,串门/与朋友交往、家务、看电视听广播和棋牌是所有性别和年龄段的老人认知功能的保护因素。阅读书报是＞85岁组男性老年人认知功能的保护因素,健身运动、旅游是60~85岁组男性认知功能的保护因素;社会组织活动是＞85岁组女性老人认知功能的保护因素。结论 根据老人的状态和需求提供适宜的社会活动方案,重视老年人社会活动的指导和推广。