经尿道电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻12例

目的探讨经尿道电切治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的疗效。方法对12例女性膀胱梗阻患者行径尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗,年龄51±13岁,病程3个月-5年,尿流率3.8±11.4ml／s,残余尿200-800ml术后随诊6个月以上。结果手术均获成功,手术时间15-50min,平均25min,术中出血〈20ml。12例患者排尿症状评分,最大尿流率平均18ml／s,残余尿均〈50ml。最大尿流率、残余尿量等均较术前显著改善,随访无尿失禁、尿瘘发生。结论经尿道电切术治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻疗效显著,并发症少。     

经肠镜金属支架置入术治疗左侧大肠癌性梗阻的应用体会

目的探讨经结肠镜金属支架置入术治疗左侧大肠癌性梗阻的临床价值．方法在X线辅助下经电子结肠镜放置金属支架治疗15例左侧大肠癌性梗阻的病人,其梗阻部位分别为直肠9例,乙状结肠4例,降结肠2例．结果15例癌性梗阻患者中,13例放置成功,成功率为86．7％．术后梗阻症状即获得明显缓解或消除,至第2天梗阻症状完全消失．5例为姑息性治疗,8例患者解除梗阻后7d左右手术治疗,术中可见肠道准备满意,肠壁无明显水肿,术后恢复顺利．结论经电子结肠镜放置金属支架治疗左侧大肠癌性梗阻能迅速、有效、安全地解除患者的梗阻症状,创伤小,对可根治手术患者来说只需面临一次根治性手术．对姑息性治疗患者来说由于不需要开腹手术造瘘,故可显著提高患者的生活质量．     

Left-Sided Portal Hypertension

Left-sided portal hypertension is a rare clinical syndrome which may lead to bleeding from isolated gastric varices. Pancreatic disease is the most common etiology. Left-sided portal hypertension should be considered in the presence of gastrointestinal bleeding with normal liver function and unexplained splenomegaly. It may be difficult to diagnose this entity both endoscopically and radiologically. While splenectomy is the treatment of choice for cases complicated by variceal bleeding, there is no consensus on the treatment of asymptomatic patients. The prognosis of left-sided portal hypertension mainly depends on the underlying etiology.     

尿毒清胶囊对梗阻性肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响

目的：观察尿毒清胶囊对梗阻性肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响,探讨其对大鼠肾间质纤维化的改善作用及其机制。方法：采用单侧输尿管结扎（UUO）大鼠模型,中药组以尿毒清灌胃,依那普利组则以依那普利灌胃,空白组以蒸馏水灌胃,另设假手术组作正常对照。应用免疫组化法检测肾组织细胞因子转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）、磷酸化的Smads信号蛋白2／3（P-Smad2／3）和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α—SMA）在梗阻性肾病肾组织中的表达。结果：尿毒清胶囊、依那普利治疗可以明显抑制肾组织TGF-β1、P—Smad2／3的表达（P〈0．05）,显著下调肾组织α-SMA的表达（P〈0．05）。结论：尿毒清胶囊与依那普利均可显著抑制大鼠梗阻性肾病α-SMA的表达,从而减轻肾间质纤维化,这一作用可能与其抑制肾组织TGF-β1、P-Smad2／3的表达有关。     

中西医联合治疗卵管阻塞性不孕症的临床观察

输卵管不通是不孕症的原因之一。用生理盐水20mL＋庆大霉素8万U＋糜蛋白酶4000U＋地塞米松10mg混合液在宫腔镜直视下经硬膜外麻醉导管注入输卵管;配合中医辨证施治：湿热下注型则清热利湿,邪毒阻络型则清热解毒通络,寒凝血瘀型则温经活血通络,肝郁血瘀型则疏肝理气活血。用上述方法治疗56例,总有效率89.3%。     

25例老年结肠癌伴急性肠梗阻的手术治疗体会

目的探讨老年结肠癌伴急性肠梗阻围手术期的术式选择及处理。方法回顾性分析2003年1月-2008年1月收治的25例60岁以上结肠癌伴急性肠梗阻的患者临床资料。结果术前有合并症者15例,行一期切除吻合14例,其中右半结肠6例,左半结肠8例,肿瘤切除近端肠管造口远端关闭二期吻合5例,回肠横结肠侧侧吻合3例,单纯结肠造口3例。术后有11例出现不同程度的并发症,死亡2例,其余均痊愈出院。结论老年结肠癌伴梗阻的患者应认真做好围手术期的处理,根据全身情况及局部奈件,慎重选择术式,方可获得满意的临床效果。     

Mesenteric lipoblastoma presenting as a segmental volvulus

Mesenteric lipoblastoma is a rare tumor and, its presentation as a bowel obstruction with possible midgut volvulus has only been reported once before. A 7-year-old girl presented with nausea and vomiting but a benign abdominal examination. Upper gastrointestinal contrast study demonstrated possible malrotation with midgut volvulus. During emergency laparotomy, segmental small bowel volvulus secondary to a large mesenteric lipoblastoma was found. The lipoblastoma was resected with a segment of small bowel. Resection margins were negative for tumor, and the patient is doing well with no evidence of recurrence.     

超声测量膀胱内前列腺突入程度在判断良性前列腺梗阻中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声测量膀胱内前列腺突入程度(IPP)在判断良性前列腺梗阻(BPO)中的临床应用价值. 方法 良性前列腺增生患者109例,经尿动力学检查诊断无前列腺梗阻25例、可疑梗阻15例、梗阻69例.采用经腹超声测量IPP,比较3组患者的IPP变化,统计学比较分析IPP与尿动力学检测指标的相关性. 结果无梗阻组、可疑梗阻组及梗阻组患者的IPP分别为(2.7±1.2)、(2.9±1.4)和(15.4±6.5)mm,无梗阻、可疑梗阻组与梗阻组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).IPP与尿流开始时逼尿肌压、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压、尿流结束时逼尿肌压、最大尿流率及A-G数均相关,r分别为0.628、0.714、0.591、-0.450及0.729(P<0.01).以IPP≥10 mm为BPO判断标准,其敏感性为89.9%、特异性为97.5%、阳性预测值为98.4%、阴性预测值为84.8%,约登指数为0.87. 结论 经腹超声测量IPP操作简便、无痛苦,判断BPO准确,可作为尿动力学诊断BPO的补充方法.     

经皮肾穿刺治疗梗阻性肾积水32例临床分析

目的探讨经皮肾穿刺治疗梗阻性肾积水的临床效果。方法32例梗阻性肾积水患者,根据病情,采用经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流、球囊扩张狭窄处输尿管并留置双J管内引流等方法进行治疗。结果12例患者行输尿管狭窄处球囊扩张治疗后留置双J管,其中1例先天性。肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的患者和9例输尿管手术后吻合口狭窄的患者获得治愈,1例吻合口狭窄的患者再发狭窄行开放手术治疗,2例腹腔肿瘤压迫的患者,1例获得手术治疗,1例失去手术时机,保留肾造瘘管作姑息处理;20例输尿管结石合并感染和肾功能不全的患者,行肾穿刺造瘘引流2周后,均获得手术治疗。结论经皮肾穿刺治疗梗阻性肾积水是一种简单有效的方法,可结合临床患者的具体情况,作为外科手术治疗的有效补充。     

Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) methods in the evaluation of calcular and non-calcular ureteric obstructive uropathy

PURPOSE: To prospectively assess ureteric obstructive uropathy using three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) methods when the etiology of ureteral obstruction was proved difficult to evaluate with two-dimensional ultrasound (2D US) and plain radiography. METHODS: The study had the local Ethics Committee approval. All patients gave informed consent. 318 patients: 219 men and 99 women (including 16 pregnant women) were selected within a 3-year period for 3D US based on clinical presentation, two dimensional ultrasound (2D US) results and preliminary plain radiography except for pregnant women. 3D US was performed on all patients. 301 patients had further excretory urogram before intervention decisions. RESULTS: The study showed a high accuracy of detection of different levels of ureteric calcular obstruction; 99.1% in men and 96.7% in women. 3D XI technology proved more efficient in stone count (88.9%) than sectional planes and rendering method altogether (55.6%). The success rate of identifying obstructive uropathy due to inflammatory variants showed a perfect diagnostic value of 100%. Similar percentages could be obtained in cases secondary to neoplastic infiltration or permeation of the ureters. Cases compared with excretory urography revealed close correlation with 3D US and superiority of the latter when renal function physiologically altered in some cases of calcular obstructive uropathy. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D US methods in case of obstructive uropathy have proved to be useful as an easy, mobile and non-invasive diagnostic tool, improving 2D US diagnostic utility.