长期无创正压通气对稳定期重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者BODE指数的影响

目的 探讨长期无创正压通气在稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者中的应用价值.方法 将符合条件的54例稳定期重度COPD患者分为治疗组和对照组,每组各27例,治疗组在一般治疗的同时给予长期无创正压通气治疗,对照组只接受一般治疗,所有治疗组和对照组患者在入组时(治疗前)及在治疗观察12周后(治疗后)两次进行测定BODE指数,并对所获结果进行统计学分析.结果 治疗组患者治疗后较治疗前的BODE指数明显降低(P＜0.05)、呼吸困难评分显著改善(P＜0.05)、6分钟步行距离有极显著的提高(P＜0.01),BMI和FEV1有所改善,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).对照组观察前后上述指标均无改善.结论 长期无创正压通气可有效降低重度COPD患者的BODE指数,改善患者的临床症状及预后.     

Postoperative Outcomes After Robotic Versus Abdominal Myomectomy

Background and Objectives:

Differences in postoperative outcomes comparing robotic-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (RALM) with abdominal myomectomy (AM) have rarely been reported. The objective of this study was to compare surgical, quality-of-life, and residual fibroid outcomes after RALM and AM.

Methods:

Consecutive patients who underwent RALM (n = 16) were compared with AM patients (n = 23) presenting with a uterine size of <20 weeks. Study patients participated in a telephone interview at 6 weeks and underwent a no-cost ultrasonographic examination at 12 weeks after surgery to obtain quality-of-life and residual fibroid outcomes. Medical records were reviewed to obtain surgical outcomes.

Results:

Longer operative times (261.1 minutes vs 124.8 minutes, P < .001) and a 3-fold unfavorable difference in operative efficiency (73.7 g vs 253.0 g of specimen removed per hour, P < .05) were observed with RALM compared with AM. Patients undergoing RALM had shorter lengths of hospital stay (1.5 days vs 2.7 days, P < .001). Reduction of patient symptoms and overall satisfaction were equal. RALM patients were more likely to be back to work within 1 month (85.7% vs 45.0%, P < .05). Residual fibroid volume in the RALM group was 5 times greater than that in the AM group (17.3 cm³ vs 3.4 cm³, P < .05).

Conclusion:

RALM and AM were equally efficacious in improving patient symptoms. Although operative times were significantly longer with RALM, patients had a quicker recovery, demonstrated by shortened lengths of stay and less time before returning to work. However, greater residual fibroid burden was observed with RALM when measured 12 weeks after surgery.     

无创颅内压监测在早期预警高血压脑出血后血肿扩大中的意义

目的 探讨无创颅内压(NICP)监测在高血压脑出血(HICH)后血肿扩大早期预警中的作用及意义.方法 应用NICP监测技术前瞻性地对158例HICH病例进行动态监护,经颅脑CT证实后分为血肿扩大(HE)组和血肿稳定(HS)组,并对两组NICP、脑灌注压(CPP)、血肿侧与健侧NICP的差值(D值)及预后进行对比分析.结果 全组符合血肿扩大诊断59例(37.3％),其中91.5％的病例发生于起病12 h以内;同时,HE组NICP及D值较入院首测均显著增高(P=0.001和0.000),而CPP以及HS组NICP、CPP及D值则均与入院首测无显著改变(P＞0.05);对D值≥1.3 mm Hg的病例数分析,入院首测时两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.873),而血肿扩大或24h后复测HE组为51例(86.4％),较HS组的7例显著增多(P=0.000);GOS评分HE组的良好率显著低于HS组(P=0.000),而植物生存及病死率则显著增高(P=0.005和0.036),但两组中残及重残的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P =0.604和0.256).结论 NICP因其无创、可连续监测的优点可能成为早期预警HICH后血肿再扩大的有效监测手段;而以D值作为观察指标时,这种预警可更为早期和敏感.     

高流量鼻导管氧疗与早产儿呼吸支持

高流量鼻导管氧疗(high flow nasal cannulae,HFNC)是一种经充分湿化、加温,流量大于1～2 L/min,通过鼻塞外联吸氧管输送高流量混合氧气的无创性呼吸支持模式。在新生儿的应用中,HFNC 产生的扩张压与氧流量呈正相关,与新生儿体型呈负相关,同时沿导管泄露氧气也会对其造成影响。HFNC在提高新生儿潮气量、呼吸功等方面与经鼻持续气道正压通气(nasal continuous positive airway pressure, nCPAP)可能有相似效果,但仅限于流量低于2 L/min 的情况下。HFNC 可替代 CPAP /nCPAP 等各类无创通气方法,但在早产儿中推广普及则缺乏更强有力的证据支持。     

非侵袭性检查指标对中老年男性膀胱出口梗阻的诊断价值

目的：探讨临床常用非侵袭性检查指标诊断膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）的准确性及可靠性。方法回顾性研究2003年11月—2015年11月在广州市第一人民医院就诊并接受压力—流率测定（PFS）的男性 LUTS ／BPH患者,以侵袭性的 PFS 为诊断 BOO 的“金标准”,以前列腺体积（PV）、移行带体积（TZV）、移行带指数（TZI）、前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、最大尿流率（Qmax）、剩余尿量（PVR）、剩余分数（RF）等非侵袭性检查指标为诊断指标进行诊断试验评价。结果筛选1319例患者纳入统计分析。以 ICS 列线图为诊断标准,PV、TZV、TZI、PSA、Qmax、RF、PVR 诊断 BOO 的 ROC 曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0．803、0．807、0．698、0．775、0．740、0．679、0．641;以 Schaefer 列线图为诊断标准,PV、TZV、TZI、PSA、Qmax、RF、PVR 诊断 BOO 的 AUC 分别为0．806、0．814、0．713、0．773、0．721、0．684、0．642。结论 PV、TZV、TZI、PSA、Qmax、RF、PVR 等非侵袭性指标对筛查及诊断中老年男性 BOO 有一定的参考价值及临床意义,其中 TZV、PV、PSA、Qmax 的诊断准确性较高。     

Predicting Failure Load of the Femur with Simulated Osteolytic Defects using Noninvasive Imaging Technique in a Simplified Load Case

Currently, there is no proven sensitive or specific method for predicting pathological fracture of the femur. The clinical management of lytic femoral metastases is based on geometric measurement of the bone, of the defect, or both. However, the mechanical behavior of a structure depends on both its material and geometric properties. Our hypothesis is that a change in bone structural properties as the result of tumor induced osteolysis determines the fracture risk in bones with skeletal metastases. We developed a method of QCT (Quantitative Computed Tomography) combined with engineering beam analysis as a noninvasive tool for measuring the material and geometric properties of the femur with simulated lytic defects in the intertrochanteric region. In this ex-vivo study we prove that engineering beam structural analysis applied to serial transaxial QCT scans through human femora with simulated lytic defects at the proximal femur predicts the load at failure and location of fracture better than current clinical guidelines. Structural rigidity measured by QCT in this study may be used to predict the load carrying capacity of femurs with metastatic defects and, furthermore, may be used when the tumor has weakened the bone sufficiently such that pathological fracture is imminent and prophylactic stabilization is necessary.

无创检测技术在新生儿血红蛋白检测中的应用

目的 探讨采用Masimo Radical-7脉搏血氧仪检测新生儿无创血红蛋白浓度的准确性,并探讨无创血红蛋白检测技术在新生儿病房中的应用。 方法 选取包钢集团第三职工医院新生儿病房2015年5~10月收治新生儿,在静脉血常规检测血红蛋白数值(tHb)的基础上于采血前采用Masimo Radical-7脉搏血氧仪检测新生儿无创血红蛋白浓度(SpHb)值,将收集的157对有创静脉血tHb与无创SpHb数据进行相关性及一致性的分析。 结果(1)tHb和SpHb测定结果分别为(137.36 ± 20.80) g·L-1和(136.68 ± 21.35) g·L-1,n=157,t=0.758,P=0.449,差异无统计学意义。(2)pearson相关性分析结果显示tHb与SpHb具有较好的相关性(r=0.858,P<0.001)。(3)Bland-Altman研究显示95％一致性的上下限(-21.4~22.8) g·L-1,其中有6个点(3.82％)在95％一致性界限外,151个点(96.18％)位于95％一致性界限内。 结论 采用Masimo Radical-7脉搏血氧仪检测新生儿无创血红蛋白浓度与有创采集的静脉血常规中血红蛋白浓度之间具有较好的相关性和一致性,对于诊断贫血具有良好的应用价值。     

无创正压通气在重症支气管哮喘治疗中的应用

目的：分析研究无创正压通气在重症支气管哮喘疾病治疗中的应用效果。方法：从我院呼吸科室收治的重症支气管哮喘患者中选取其中43例,给患者采用无创正压通气治疗,观察患者的生理指标以及血气指标变化情况,并判定患者临床治疗效果。结果：对比治疗前后的血气分析变化情况,差异显著有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,治疗2h、24h、48h血气分析对比有显著差异,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,治疗有效率为95.3%,均无严重并发症发生。结论：给予重症支气管哮喘患者采用无创正压通气治疗,可显著改善患者的临床症状,安全高效,应用效果显著,值得推广应用到临床治疗中。     

Characteristics and risk factors of facial pressure injuries in acute inpatients using noninvasive positive pressure ventilation: A retrospective case control study

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics and risk factors of facial pressure injuries in patients using noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.Setting and samplePatients who developed facial pressure injuries due to non-invasive positive pressure ventilation at a teaching hospital in Taiwan from January 2016 to December 2021 were selected, resulting in a total of 108 patients in our case group. A control group was formed by matching each case by age and gender to three acute inpatients who had used non-invasive ventilation but had not developed facial pressure injuries, resulting in 324 patients in the control group.Research methodologyThis study was a retrospective case-control study. The characteristics of the patients who developed pressure injuries at different stages in the case group were compared, and the risk factors of non-invasive ventilation-related facial pressure injuries were then determined.ResultsHigher duration of non-invasive ventilation usage, higher length of hospital stay, lower Braden scale score, and lower albumin levels in the former group. The results of multivariate analysis from binary logistic regression involving the duration of non-invasive ventilation usage demonstrated that the patients who used this device for 4–9 days and 16 days were at greater risk of facial pressure injuries than those who used it for 3 days; in terms of the Braden scale score, higher Braden scale scores were correlated with a higher risk of facial pressure injuries. In addition, albumin levels lower than the normal range were correlated with a higher risk of facial pressure injuries.ConclusionPatients with pressure injuries at higher stages had a higher duration of non-invasive ventilation usage, higher length of hospital stay, lower Braden scale scores, and lower albumin levels. Thus, a longer duration of non-invasive ventilation use, lower Braden scale scores, and lower albumin levels were also risk factors for non-invasive ventilation-related facial pressure injuries.Implications for clinical practiceOur results serve as a useful reference for hospitals, both in creating training programs for their medical teams to prevent and treat facial pressure injuries and in drafting guidelines for assessing risk in order to prevent facial pressure injuries caused by non-invasive ventilation. The duration of device usage, Braden scale scores, and albumin levels in particular should be seriously monitored to reduce the occurrence of facial pressure injuries in acute inpatients treated with non-invasive ventilation.     

无创正压通气早期介入治疗急性左心室衰竭的临床观察

目的评价无创正压通气(NIPPV)早期介入治疗急性左心衰的临床效果。方法对28例符合早期介入指标的急性左心衰患者,在常规抗心衰基础治疗上加用NIPPV治疗,观察其临床效果、并发症及不良反应。结果 28例急性左心衰患者应用NIPPV治疗后,无一例患者需要气管插管机械通气,临床症状明显改善;NIPPV治疗前后患者的生命体征及生化结果,有明显差异(P<0.01);对比过去3年30例符合早期介入指标给予常规治疗的急性左心衰竭患者,有效率66.67%,需有创机械通气10例,有创通气率33.3%,两组有效率及有创通气率有明显差异(均P<0.05)。结论 NIPPV早期介入治疗急性左心衰效果显著,安全性高,并发症少,适宜在临床推广应用。