医院感染常见细菌分布与耐药性分析

目的了解细菌分布及常见细菌的耐药性。方法回顾性分析某院2000—2004年临床标本分离的细菌及其耐药性监测结果。结果1439株细菌中，革兰阳性菌456株（31．69％），以凝固酶阴性表皮葡萄球菌为多，达206株（45．18％），其次为金黄色葡萄球菌92株（20．18％）；两种葡萄球菌的耐药率相似，对万古霉素耐药率均为0。革兰阴性菌983株，前5位依次为肠杆菌属346株（35．20％），克雷伯菌属164株（16，68％），铜绿假单胞菌155株（15．77％），埃希菌属101株（10．27％），变形杆菌属94株（9．56％）；前5位革兰阴性菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性以半合成青霉索较明显，铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性较突出。结论应高度重视细菌变迁和耐药性监测，提高抗菌药物合理应用水平。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者抗病毒治疗后生存质量评估

目的了解慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者生存质量（QOL）状况,并通过抗病毒治疗对其QOL进行干预.方法采用横断面调查,选择2003年至2004年期间武汉大学人民医院感染科212例慢性乙型肝炎患者及健康人群185例,分别以健康状况问卷（SF-36）、医学应对问卷以及肝病特质问卷进行调查.结果与健康对照组比较,CHB患者除情感职能（RE）外,其他维度得分均明显低于健康对照者（P＜0.05）.CHB患者QOL与年龄、肝病特质问卷得分以及医学应对问卷中的屈服、面对因子分显著负相关（P＜0.01）.虽然不同抗病毒治疗方案对CHB患者QOL的影响差异无统计学意义,但完全应答组与无应答组比较,两组除社会功能（SF）（P＜0.05）以外其他维度的得分差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;部分应答组与无应答组比较,仅RE、躯体疼痛（BP）及一般健康状况（GH）维度的得分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论CHB患者QOL多个纬度均有受损.有效的抗病毒治疗能提高患者的QOL.     

住院患者精神药品使用情况调查分析

目的:了解我院住院患者应用精神药品的现状及趋势,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:对我院住院患者2001年~2005年精神药物的销售金额、用药频度(DDDs)、药品限定日费用等进行统计分析。结果:精神药品销售金额和用药频度逐年增加,年增长率分别为25.76%、37.58%、87.03%、145.61%,药品限定日费用逐年上升。结论:应用精神药物人数增加较快,销售金额增加明显,对现有的精神药品应加强不良反应监测。     

Independent regulation of activation and inactivation phases in non-contractile Ca transients by nicotinic receptor at the mouse neuromuscular junction

Non-contractile Ca²⁺ mobilization (not accompanied by muscle contraction) occurs by the prolonged activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in mouse diaphragm muscles treated with anticholinesterase. To elucidate the regulation properties of non-contractile Ca²⁺ mobilization by nicotinic receptor, the modes of action of competitive and depolarizing neurmuscular blockers were investigated. (+)-Tubocurarine (0.07–0.1 μM), pancuronium (0.05 μM) and -bungarotoxin (0.03–0.06 μM) decreased decay time (T₂, duration of inactivation phase) without changes in rise time (T₁, duration of activation phase) of non-contractile Ca²⁺ transients. These competitive antagonists also suppressed their peak amplitude at higher concentrations than those affectingT₂. Contractile Ca²⁺ transients were not inhibited by these antagonists at the concentrations used. Decamethonium (1 μM), a depolarizing blocker, suppressed the peak amplitude of non-contractile Ca²⁺ transients without affecting their duration. In contrast, succinylcholine (0.3 μM) suppressed both peak amplitude andT₁ without changingT₂, presumably via the receptor desentization. Succinylcholine but not decamthonium inhibited contractile Ca²⁺ transients at the concentrations used. These results demonstrate that the activation and inactivation phase in non-contractile Ca²⁺ transients are independently regulated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.     

几种抗癌药对HL—60细胞在小鼠肾囊膜下生长的抑制作用

以纤维蛋白凝块为HL-60细胞支持物,将其接种于正常和免疫抑制小鼠肾囊膜下,观察其增殖特性和生长特点。结果HL-60细胞纤维蛋白凝块在免疫排斥反应出现前的正常小鼠肾囊膜下,体积增殖5倍左右;在免疫抑制小鼠肾囊膜下,增殖15倍左右。组织切片发现,在肾囊膜下生长6d细胞密度明显增加,生长细胞沿肾囊膜向四周侵润,肿瘤细胞切面面积明显扩大,且生长细胞仍保持HL-60细胞的形态特点。维甲酸(RA)、维胺酸(RⅡ)及三尖杉酯碱等药物可明显抑制HL-60细胞的生长。     

Ketanserin降低清醒自发性高血压大鼠血压波动性的机理初探

应用计算机化清醒大鼠血流动力学测定技术，观察５－ＨＴ２受体阻滞剂Ｒｉｔａｎｓｅｒｉｎ（Ｒｉｔ）和α１受体阻滞剂哌唑嗪对清醒自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）的血压、血压波动性（ＢＰＶ）和动脉压力感受性反射血压控制部分（ＡＢＲ－ＢＰ）的效应，旨在初步探讨兼具５－ＨＴ２受体和α１受体阻滞作用地新型抗高血压药Ｋｅｔａｎｓｅｒｉｎ降低ＢＰＶ的机制。结果表明：Ｒｉｔ对ＳＨＲ无降压作用，但侧脑室给药明显提高ＡＢＲ－Ｂ     

新抗真菌剂三氮唑含硫化合物的合成

作者合成了１２个三氮唑类化合物，其中１０个为三氮唑含硫化合物，后者未见文献报道。作者还对这些化合物进行了体外抗真菌活性的测定。     

Pharmacological evaluation of natural product analogues. I. Preliminary pharmacological evaluation of O-methylgortschakoine and O-methylpetaline

The synthesis of O-methylgortschakoine and O-methylpetaline was achieved through an unambiguous route. Pharmacological testing of O-methylgortschakoine in comparison to papaverine and 7,8-dimethoxy-N-methyltetrahydroisoquinoline, indicated that it possesses hypotensive, neuromuscular blocking and smooth muscle relaxant activities. 7,8-Dimethoxy-N-methyltetrahydroisoquinoline showed only nonspecific smooth muscle relaxation in our testing system. The 1-(p-methoxybenzyl)-substituent of O-methylgortschakoine appears to be required for this hypotensive and neuromuscular blocking effect. The quaternary analogue O-melthylpetaline was found to possess a more potent neuromuscular blocking activity.