左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼或芬太尼在分娩硬膜外自控镇痛的应用

目的探讨左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）用于分娩镇痛的临床效果及安全性。方法随机选择120例美国标准协会（ASA）I-Ⅱ级初产妇，随机分为舒芬太尼组（A组）、芬太尼组（B组）、无镇痛组（C组），每组40例。A组和B组采用PCEA，C组不给予镇痛药物。观察各组不同时段视觉模拟评分（VAS）和不良反应的发生，同时记录3组产程时间、分娩方式、缩宫使用情况、产后出血量、新生儿Apgar评分。结果A、B2组和C组在PCEA20、60min及宫口开全时VAS差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；PCEA5min，A、B2组VAS差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05），2组Bromage评分、不良反应差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。3组产程时间、分娩方式、产后出血量、新生儿Apgar评分比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼或芬太尼用于分娩镇痛安全有效，对母婴无明显不良影响。     

气管内硬膜外联合麻醉下的超前镇痛

目的研究气管内硬膜外联合麻醉下,硬膜外给药时间不同、全麻诱导药物不同对术后镇痛产生的影响。方法开腹行切除肝癌、胃癌的病人120例,随机分为A、B、C、D4组,每组30例。A组:在T8-9经硬膜外注入1%利多卡因和0.25%布比卡因混合液6～8ml,再经硬膜外注入含吗啡2mg、氟哌利多2.5mg的生理盐水10ml;全身麻醉诱导药物为芬太尼3μg·kg-1,异丙酚1～1.5mg·kg-1,琥珀胆碱2mg·kg-1。B组:诱导药物中不使用芬太尼,用利多卡因1～1.5mg·kg-1代替,术中也不使用芬太尼,其余条件同A组。C组:在T8-9行硬膜外穿刺,之后行全身麻醉诱导,诱导药物为芬太尼3μg·kg-1,异丙酚2～2.5mg·kg-1,琥珀胆碱2mg·kg-1,必要时可加芬太尼2～3μg·kg-1。切皮后90min,经硬膜外注入1%利多卡因和0.25%布比卡因6～8ml,再经硬膜外注入含吗啡2mg、氟哌利多2.5mg的生理盐水10ml。D组:诱导药物中不使用芬太尼,用利多卡因1～1.5mg·kg-1代替,术中也不使用芬太尼,其余条件同C组。分别于术毕后4、8、24、48h观测VAS、镇痛药消耗量、恶心、呕吐、骚痒等指标。结果A组的药物消耗量最少、镇痛效果最好;B组和C组次之;D组的药物消耗量最大,镇痛效果最差。结论硬膜外复合气管内麻醉时,硬膜外麻醉与芬太尼同时使用,术后镇痛效果最好。     

患者自控镇痛在妇产科疾病介入治疗中的应用

妇产科疾病介入治疗多采用子宫动脉栓塞（UAE），UAE后即时疼痛发生率为90％～100％，术后疼痛发生率为80％～90％，疼痛可以采用硬膜外患者自控镇痛（patient controlled epidural analgesia，PCEA）治疗。UAE围介入治疗期采用PCEA法镇痛明显优于传统用药法，其间镇痛效果好，不良反应少，能消除或减轻患者的痛苦，提高康复质量；PCEA配方中加入氟哌利多（0．005％）可以减少恶心呕吐不良反应的发生率。     

术后镇痛10年后的质量控制探讨：1168例回顾性研究

目的 了解术后镇痛的现状，探讨术后镇痛的质量控制问题。方法 回顾近3个月1168例术后镇痛所采用的镇痛方法和预防术后恶心呕吐的方法，了解镇痛效果和副作用的发生情况，并分析影响镇痛效果和副作用发生率的有关因素，患者的满意度情况。结果 90％采用了连续硬膜外镇痛法，配方主要是小剂量吗啡复合低浓度布比卡因或罗比卡因，静脉镇痛主要采用吗啡复合氯诺昔康。预防术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的方法有5-HT3受体拮抗剂（昂丹司琼或阿扎司琼），氟哌啶，地塞米松等，单用或复合应用。连续硬膜外镇痛需要补救镇痛者约5％，静脉镇痛补救镇痛者约10％。PONV总体发生率低，妇科开腹手术低至20％，女性非妇科手术低至10％，剖宫产术低至1％，使用氟哌啶使妇科手术PONV降低约50％。1例高龄患者出现血氧饱和度下降至82％，经停药、吸氧等处理好转。硬膜外导管脱落0．5％。瘙痒、头晕等并发症小于5％。通过补救镇痛，及时处理并发症，患者满意度在90％以上。结论 硬膜外镇痛方法效果优于静脉镇痛方法，适度镇痛，减少镇痛药量，增加安全性，重视PONV的预防，及时处理镇痛不足和副作用，从而提高患者的满意度，是术后镇痛质量控制的可行的理念和方法。     

Post-surgical pain relief with zero-order intravenous infusions of meptazinol and morphine: a double-blind placebo-controlled evaluation of their effects on ventilation

Summary A double-blind, placebo-controlled study has been made of the analgesic and respiratory effects of constant rate infusions of meptazinol and morphine in 30 patients after abdominal surgery. Group I received meptazinol, loading dose 50 mg followed by i.v. infusion 0.5 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, Group II received morphine, loading dose 5 mg and then an infusion of 0.05 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, and Group III received saline. After recovery from inhalation anaesthesia (without opiates or a local anaesthetic) pain relief and chemoreceptor carbon dioxide tolerance were assessed before and at various times after starting the analgesic infusion. A similar degree of pain relief was found after 10 min in Groups I and II, which lasted until the end of observation period (20 h). Heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lower in Group II than in Groups I and III, and respiratory rate fell in Groups I and II. After 6 h arterial carbon dioxide tensions (P_aCO₂) became significantly higher in Group II than Group III. The maximum percentage fall in mean tidal volume (V_T) and expired minute volume (0V_E) from the preinjection values was significant in Groups I and II. End-tidal carbon-dioxide (P_ETCO₂) and P_aCO₂ were significantly higher after 20 h of infusion in Group II compared to Group I. The slope of 0V_E/P_ETCO₂ (<S>) was increased in Group I and it was significantly reduced in Group II. Analysis of derived variables, such as the CO₂ intercept (CO₂I) and minute ventilation at 7 kPa (0V_E7), indicated a shift to the right of the slopes in Groups I and II, initially more so in Group I. It is concluded that constant rate infusions of meptazinol and morphine were effective in providing postoperative pain relief. However, their effects on the central regulation of respiration were different, as meptazinol did not impair CO₂ sensitivity whereas morphine did.     

欧丹西酮预防曲马多硬膜外术后镇痛期间恶心、呕吐的定量研究

目的　寻找欧丹西酮 (Ondansetron)预防妇产科手术后曲马多连续硬膜外镇痛期间恶心和呕吐的最佳剂量。方法　ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级妇产科手术病人 12 0例 ,随机分为 4组 (n =30 ) ,于关腹后接镇痛泵前 (配方为曲马多 80 0mg+布比卡因 112 .5mg ,总量 10 0ml,泵速 2ml/h)分别接受欧丹西酮 2mg、4mg、6mg和生理盐水 2ml静注。观察镇痛期不同时点的VAS值和 0～ 2 4h的恶心、呕吐发生率。结果　 4组VAS均值无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。在 0～2 4h ,恶心 :2mg组 30 .4 % (7) ,4mg组 3.3% (1) ,6mg组 3.3% (1)和生理盐水组 4 6 .7% (14 ) ;呕吐 :2mg组2 0 .0 % (6 ) ,4mg组 3.3% (1) ,6mg组 3.3% (1)生理盐水组 4 3.3% (13)。在预防恶心和呕吐两个事件方面 ,所有用药组与对照组相比均有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;在用药组中 ,2mg组与 4mg和 6mg组间比较P <0 .0 5 ,而后 2个剂量组间无差别。结论　本文 3个剂量组的欧丹西酮均有预防妇产科手术后曲马多连续硬膜外镇痛期间恶心和呕吐的作用 ,其中以 4mg组最优。     

CO2 laser in cancer surgery of the breast: a comparative clinical study

Review of the literature reveals little to no data regarding the use of the CO2 laser as a surgical modality in the local treatment of breast cancer. This study was undertaken to determine if the CO2 laser is a surgical improvement over the scalpel, influencing patient care during the surgical and postsurgical period. In the author's series, a total of 209 procedures were performed. Within this group, 105 cases were performed with CO2 laser and 104 cases performed with the scalpel. Biopsies were always performed as a separate procedure prior to definitive surgery. This study was not designed to compare cure rates, the medical follow-up period being 1 year. The results of this study demonstrate a significant improvement in patients' postoperative care, surgical technique, and hospital cost-effectiveness.     

塞来昔布对骨科围手术期镇痛的疗效评估

[目的]观察塞来昔布(西乐葆)对骨科围手术期患者术后镇痛的疗效及安全性。[方法]选择2004~2005年住院手术患者,共64例,随机分组,分别给予西乐葆或镇痛泵进行术后镇痛。西乐葆给药时间:一般于手术前8~12 h,即患者手术禁食前首次给药,手术后6 h患者可进食后再次给药,手术后3~5 d按手术大小及患者疼痛程度决定停药时间。给药剂量:西乐葆首次服用400 mg,大手术可加大剂量。观察患者疼痛VAS评分、药物不良反应及患者满意度。[结果]西乐葆的术后镇痛效果与镇痛泵相似,但发生不良反应比及患者总体满意度优于镇痛泵。[结论]西乐葆对手术后镇痛具有满意的疗效及安全性,适合于骨科围手术期术后镇痛。