Impact of anterior occlusal conditions in the mixed dentition on oral health–related quality-of-life item levels:: A multivariate analysis

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of anterior occlusal conditions in the mixed dentition on item-level analysis of oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL).Materials and MethodsA population-based cross-sectional study of 787 children aged 8 to 10 years was conducted. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ_8-10) was used to evaluate OHRQoL, and the analysis of item levels was performed on CPQ_8-10 domains. Anterior occlusal characteristics were diagnosed according to the Dental Aesthetic Index criteria. Individual analyses were performed relating the outcome as independent variables. The variables with P < .20 in the individual analyses were tested in multiple logistic regression models, and those with P < .10 remained in the model. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsNo associations were found with regard to anterior occlusal characteristics (P < .001) after the variables of the previous determinants were adjusted for multivariate analysis. However, the following variables were significantly associated with negative impact on OHRQoL item levels: sex, in oral symptoms (OR = 1.42; CI, 1.07–1.89) and emotional well-being (OR = 1.34; CI, 1.00–1.79); race, in oral symptoms (OR = 1.48; CI, 1.10–1.98), emotional well-being (OR = 1.54; CI, 1.14–2.06), and social well-being (OR = 1.34; CI, 1.00–1.80); and family income in functional limitation (OR = 1.46; CI, 1.06–2.02), emotional well-being (OR = 1.71; CI, 1.21–2.42), and social well-being (OR = 1.59; CI, 1.14–2.21).ConclusionsAnterior occlusal conditions did not affect the levels of OHRQoL items.     

牙周组织再生结合骨皮质切开术对骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]牙龈厚度影响的数字化评估

目的通过口内扫描技术初步探索并建立一种评价软组织改变的方法,评估牙周组织再生结合骨皮质切开术对骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]骨嵴顶冠方牙龈厚度的影响。方法纳入2018年1月至2019年3月于北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院正畸科和口腔颌面外科转诊至牙周科、全身和牙周健康、需行正畸-正颌联合治疗的骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形患者22例,其中男性4例,女性18例,年龄(24.0±4.5)岁(19~35岁);观测前牙共112颗,其中上颌前牙46颗,下颌前牙66颗。在前牙去代偿正畸移动前行牙周组织再生结合骨皮质切开术,观察探诊深度、出血指数、角化龈宽度,比较术前及术后6个月的差异。术前与术后6个月通过口内扫描技术直接获取患者上下颌前牙区数字化模型,在分析软件中构建软组织形态测量模型,并定量分析牙冠正中测量矢状面上龈缘根方1和2 mm处牙龈厚度的变化。结果22例患者手术前后探诊深度、出血指数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月角化龈宽度从术前的(4.22±1.43)mm显著增加至(5.18±2.32)mm(P<0.05)。术后6个月上颌、下颌前牙龈缘根方1和2 mm处牙龈厚度与术前相比均显著增加(P<0.05);其中上颌前牙龈缘根方1和2 mm处牙龈厚度增加量分别为(0.68±0.56)和(1.00±0.69)mm;下颌前牙龈缘根方1和2 mm处牙龈厚度增加量分别为(0.38±0.42)和(0.58±0.45)mm;且上颌牙龈厚度增加量均显著大于下颌(P<0.01)。结论基于口内扫描技术进行软组织形态变化的定量评价方法切实可行。在骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]正畸-正颌联合治疗中牙周组织再生结合骨皮质切开术不但能增加角化龈宽度,而且可增加骨嵴顶冠方牙龈组织厚度。     

Meta-analysis on the mandibular dimensions effects of the MARA appliance in patients with Class II malocclusions

Objectives:To evaluate the short- and long-term effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance (MARA) on mandibular dimensions in patients with Class II malocclusion and to assess the stability of the MARA results.Materials and Methods:Multiple electronic databases were searched for articles published in any language until March 2014. A manual search was also performed of reference lists of retrieved articles. The primary outcomes were the short-and long-term effects of the MARA appliance on mandible dimensions. The secondary outcome was postretention stability. Outcome measures were total mandibular unit length, corpus length, and ramus height. Two reviewers examined all articles independently and assessed their methodologic quality. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. The Cochrane test and the I² statistic were used to assess heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses were performed and publication bias was evaluated.Results:Seven retrospective clinical controlled studies that compared MARA with controls were included. Three of the studies were medium quality; the rest were low quality. Meta-analysis of the short-term effects revealed a significant increase in total mandibular unit length (1.16 mm/y) and ramus height (1.58 mm/y) with MARA and a nonsignificant increase in corpus length (0.21 mm/y). Analyses of the long-term effects showed a statistically significant advantage of MARA over controls for all three variables, but the effect sizes were small. More high-quality studies are warranted.Conclusions:The MARA appliance produced statistically significant mandibular growth enhancement in the short- and long-term. These findings, however, may not be clinically significant.     

Development of a conceptual model of oral health for malocclusion patients

Objectives:To provide an empirical test of the applicability of Locker''s conceptual model of oral health for malocclusion patients, and to suggest alternative models of the effect of malocclusion on well-being.Materials and Methods:Data from a survey of 323 adolescents attending for orthodontic treatment were analyzed to develop a new oral health model for malocclusion patients. Oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) was measured using the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile; malocclusion was measured using the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Using structural equation modeling, the relationship between conceptual domains in Locker''s model was explored and three models of their interrelationship tested for goodness of fit.Results:Fit indexes for Locker''s model indicated that it did not fit the data well. Therefore, a modified model was developed to incorporate additional paths between other levels to better fit the data. The best fit was provided by a model in which the direct effects of malocclusion on pain, discomfort, and handicapping—and the direct effect of pain on disability—were removed. A direct effect of functional limitation on disability was allowed. The modified Oral Health Impact Profile model proved to be a good fit to the data (root mean square error of approximation  =  0.069).Conclusion:The pathways identified in Locker''s (1988) conceptual model of oral health may not be appropriate for describing the relationships between OHRQoL constructs in individuals with malocclusion. An alternative model is proposed.     

A comparative evaluation of dermatoglyphics in different classes of malocclusion

Aim

To study associations of dermatoglyphic features with malocclusion in Indian children.

Materials and methods

A total of 237 children aged 12–16 years, who attended our outpatient clinic in a government medical college, were selected. Finger and palm prints were collected, and fingertip pattern frequencies, total ridge counts (TRCs), and atd angles (formed by the triradii below the first and last digits and that in the hypothenar region of the palm) were calculated. These parameters were analyzed with their Angle’s class of malocclusion using appropriate statistical tests. Dermatoglyphic parameters were examined and asymmetry analysis was conducted in subjects with different occlusion patterns.

Results

Although no fingerprint pattern was found to be specific for a particular class of occlusion, increased tendencies toward high frequencies of whorls in subjects with class II malocclusion and plain arches in those with class III malocclusion were observed. Significant differences in atd angle and TRC were observed among malocclusion types (p = 0.0001). Asymmetry scores did not differ significantly.

Conclusion

Dermatoglyphic analysis can be used as an indicator of malocclusion at an early age, thereby aiding the development of treatments aiming to establish favorable occlusion. Inheritance and twin studies, as well as those conducted in different ethnic groups, are required to examine these relationships further.     

玻璃离子水门汀垫高术在正畸治疗中的应用

对45例安氏错患者在正畸治疗前期(2～5月)应用玻璃离子垫高术,短期内不引起垂直向高度指标的变化、没有明显垂直向改变。这种方法在正畸治疗中短期应用具有可行性。     

Tip-Edge Plus矫治技术矫治恒牙期安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(牙合)的软硬组织改变

目的 探讨Tip-Edge Plus矫治技术矫治恒牙早期安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(猞)面部软硬组织的改变,以期为临床提供参考.方法 选择以下颌后缩为主的恒牙早期安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(拾)16例,其中男性7例,女性9例,年龄12～15岁,平均13.5岁,均采用Tip-Edge Plus矫治技术进行非减数矫治.矫治前后拍摄头颅侧位X线片,对矫治前后软硬组织头影测量结果进行配对t检验.结果 16例患者平均疗程16个月.矫治后U1-NA角和U1-NA距分别减少(15.40±5.31)°和(4.16±1 82) mm(P ＜0.01) 、U1-L1角增加(- 14.60 ±6.62)°(rP＜0.01),U1-SN角减少(13.30±2.53)°(P＜0.05),ANB角及Y轴角均显著减少(P＜0.05),SNA角矫治前后差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).矫治后患者软组织侧貌改善明显,鼻唇角增加( 16.60±5.29)°(P＜0.01),面型角减少(5.00±1.37)°(P＜0.05),上唇突度减少,下唇突度增加,上下唇和颏部软组织产生移位和改形,上下唇突度达到正常范围,由治疗前的Ⅱ类骨面型变为治疗后Ⅰ类直面型.结论 对下颌后缩的安氏Ⅱ类1分类错(拾)患者采用Tip-Edge Plus矫治技术,可快速、高效改善面部侧貌,使软硬组织侧貌面型趋于正常.     

Management of maxillofacial hard and soft tissue discrepancy in Möbius sequence: Clinical report and review of the literature

Background

Möbius sequence implies significant maxillofacial hard and soft tissue anomalies which nevertheless have not been addressed thoroughly in the scientific literature.

Objectives

To report a case of complete Möbius sequence and discuss the management of maxillofacial hard and soft tissue anomalies.

Patients and methods

A 15-year-old girl with complete Möbius underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, horizontal sliding genioplasty and mentalis muscles reinsertion. Vestibuloplasty and bilateral canthopexy were performed to address lip deficiency and attenuate hypotonic depression of the lower eyelids, respectively. Cheekbone augmentation was achieved with an autologous fat transfer. The authors review the scientific literature and discuss surgical planning for the correction of maxillofacial discrepancy.

Results

The patient exhibits significant functional and aesthetic improvement, with excellent integration of the transferred fat and adequate bone healing.

Conclusions

Orthognathic bimaxillary surgery combined to soft tissue management can improve aesthetics and orofacial function in Möbius patients, thereby contributing to facilitate social interaction and increase patients’ self-esteem.