Mortality in major affective disorder: relationship to subtype of depression

A total of 219 inpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of major depression, 150 women and 69 men, were followed prospectively for 3–10 years and mortality was recorded. The patients were previous participants in psychopharmacological multicenter trials, which were carried out for the purpose of comparing the antidepressant effect of newer 5-HT reuptake inhibitors with that of the tricyclic antidepressant drug, clomipramine. The study comprised patients with a total Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of ≥ 18 and/or a Hamilton subscale score of ≥ 9. Diagnostic classification according to the Newcastle I Scale in endogenous and nonendogenous depression was performed. The observed mortality was significantly greater than that expected. The increased mortality was essentially due to suicides and mainly found among women. Patients scored as nonendogenously depressed had a significantly higher suicide rate than endogenously depressed patients. The excess number of suicides in the nonendogenous group largely occurred within the first year of observation. No association was found between response to the antidepressant treatment in the trial and the suicide risk in the first 3 years of observation.     

Antimuscarinic effect of tiquizium bromide in vitro and in vivo

Objective: We studied the bronchodilatory effect of tiquizium bromide [3-(di-2-thienylmethylene)-5-methyl-trans-quinolizidinium bromide; TQZ], an antimuscarinic agent, on airway smooth muscle in vitro, and also in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: In the first experiment, canine tracheal smooth muscle was used to measure the pA2 of TQZ in vitro. The selectivity of TQZ for muscarinic receptor subtypes was also examined with a radioligand binding assay. Results: The pA2 value of TQZ was 8.75. The pK _i values of TQZ for M1, M2, and M3 were 8.70, 8.94, and 9.11, respectively. In an open pilot experiment, the effects of TQZ inhalation were studied in seven patients with COPD (seven men, mean age 68.5 years). TQZ significantly increased forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) in a dose-dependent manner. The mean maximum increases in FVC and FEV₁ caused by inhaled TQZ (2.0 mg) were 24% and 29%, respectively, and they were measured 1 h after the drug had been inhaled. The FVC and FEV₁ were still significantly higher than the control values even 8 h after the drug had been inhaled. No adverse effects were observed after inhalation of TQZ. Conclusion: These data suggest that TQZ is an effective antimuscarinic agent, and that it causes significant bronchodilation in patients with COPD. Received: 3 April 1995/Accepted in revised form: 27 November 1995     

调节性B淋巴细胞在视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病患者外周血中的表达和意义

背景 调节性B淋巴细胞(Breg)是一类具有负向免疫调节作用的细胞,在多种自身免疫性疾病中表达异常,视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(NMOSD)系自身免疫性疾病,目前关于Breg在NMOSD患者外周血中的表达和意义的研究较少。目的 研究Breg在NMOSD患者外周血中的表达和意义。方法 选取2019年6月—2021年12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院神经内科收治的NMOSD患者55例作为NMOSD组,选取同期本院体检正常的健康志愿者50例作为对照组。运用流式细胞仪检测两组研究对象外周血中CD19⁺CD24^hiCD38^hi Breg、CD19⁺CD24^hiCD27⁺Breg的表达。采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测和比较两组研究对象血清中白介素10(IL-10)、白介素35(IL-35)和转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)的水平。结果 NMOSD组患者CD19⁺CD24^hiCD38^hi Breg、CD1...     

Human rotavirus specific T cells: quantification by ELISPOT and expression of homing receptors on CD4+ T cells

Using an intracellular cytokine assay, we recently showed that the frequencies of rotavirus (RV)-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells secreting INFgamma, circulating in RV infected and healthy adults, are very low compared to the frequencies of circulating cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactive T cells in comparable individuals. In children with acute RV infection, these T cells were barely or not detectable. In the present study, an ELISPOT assay enabled detection of circulating RV-specific INFgamma-secreting cells in children with RV diarrhea but not in children with non-RV diarrhea without evidence of a previous RV infection. Using microbead-enriched CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets, IFNgamma-secreting RV-specific CD8(+) but not CD4(+) T cells were detected in recently infected children. Using the same approach, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) RV-specific T cells were detected in healthy adults. Furthermore, stimulation of purified subsets of PBMC that express lymphocyte homing receptors demonstrated that RV-specific INFgamma-secreting CD4(+) T cells from adult volunteers preferentially express the intestinal homing receptor alpha4beta7, but not the peripheral lymph node homing receptor L-selectin. In contrast, CMV-specific INFgamma-secreting CD4(+) T cells preferentially express L-selectin but not alpha4beta7. These results suggest that the expression of homing receptors on virus-specific T cells depends on the organ where these cells were originally stimulated and that their capacity to secrete INFgamma is independent of the expression of these homing receptors.     

小鼠派氏集合淋巴结T细胞活化和调节性T细胞的分析

目的： 通过对小鼠派氏集合淋巴结（PPs）、肠系膜淋巴结（MLNs）和腹股沟淋巴结（ILNs）的比较性研究，以分析PPs T细胞活化和调节性T细胞的功能特点。 方法： 无菌分离小鼠PPs、MLNs和ILNs，分别制备单个淋巴细胞悬液，运用流式细胞术结合荧光抗体染色技术来检测CD3+T细胞、CD3+CD4+辅助性T细胞和CD4+CD25＋调节性T细胞的比例；用多克隆刺激剂刀豆蛋白A（Con A）、佛波醇酯（PDB）和离子霉素（Ion） 刺激活化淋巴细胞，随后运用流式细胞术结合双色荧光抗体染色技术来检测T细胞早期活化标志CD69的表达水平。 结果： PPs内CD3+T细胞所占比例明显低于MLNs和ILNs，然而CD4+CD25＋调节性T细胞的比例明显高于MLNs和ILNs；在没有加入刺激剂的培养条件下，PPs来源的T细胞CD69的表达水平明显高于MLNs和ILNs来源的T细胞，MLNs来源的T细胞CD69的表达水平明显高于ILNs来源的T细胞；而在加入Con A或者单纯PDB的培养条件下，PPs来源的T细胞却表现出低反应性；在加入PDB＋Ion的培养条件下，3者来源的T细胞CD69的表达水平没有明显差别。 结论： PPs内CD3+T细胞所占比例较低，CD4+CD25＋调节性T细胞的比例较高，这可能是PPs整体T细胞低反应性的原因之一；PPs来源T细胞的高基础活化率可能与其不断接触小肠来源的食物和共生菌抗原有关；PPs来源T细胞选择性地对某些刺激剂表现出低反应性，提示这群细胞处于某种程度的无能状态。上述特征的生物学意义在于避免因为不断接受小肠来源的食物和共生菌抗原的刺激而发生病理性炎症的同时还保留对病原微生物抗原的应答。     

Keratin immunohistochemistry in renal cell carcinoma subtypes and renal oncocytomas: a systematic analysis of 233 tumors

Keratin immunohistochemistry represents a widely applied differential diagnostic tool in surgical pathology. To investigate the value of keratin subtyping for the diagnosis among histological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma and oncocytomas, we performed a detailed immunohistochemical study, applying 22 different monoclonal keratin antibodies on a large series of 233 renal tumors [125 conventional, 22 chromophobe, and 20 papillary (12 type-1, 8 type-2 tumors) cancers and 66 oncocytomas] using a tissue microarray technique. Immunoreactivity for keratin 7, 8, 18, and 19 was present in all tumor entities, albeit in varying quantities. With antibodies directed against keratins 8 and 18, oncocytomas showed a distinct perinuclear and punctate dot-like pattern, which was not observed in renal cancer specimens. The only tumors showing immunoreactivity for keratin 20 were two type-2 papillary cancers. All other monospecific keratin antibodies yielded consistently negative results. Overall, in contrast to some recent publications, keratin subtyping generally appeared to be of additional value only for the differentiation of renal epithelial tumors. Hence, with respect to differential diagnostic value, Hales colloidal iron stain and vimentin immunostaining are still the most useful tools in renal tumor pathology.     

核辐射对机体的影响

机体受到一定剂量核辐射后会出现多个器官结构和功能的改变.本文综述了机体受到低剂量核辐射后出现的免疫细胞数量和功能变化,包括淋巴细胞总数和部分亚群数量、淋巴细胞转化率、血清免疫球蛋白含量以及单核细胞功能等变化.同时还综述了核辐射对内分泌及遗传的影响.     

乙型肝炎表面抗原对BALB/c小鼠细胞免疫应答的影响

目的研究不同来源乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)对BALB/c小鼠的某些细胞免疫应答的影响.方法采用血源、CHO和酵母HBsAg分别免疫BALB/c小鼠,于免疫后不同时间制备脾脏单个核细胞(MNC),测定MNC对刀豆蛋白(ConA)和细菌脂多糖(LPS)的增殖反应性;采用绵羊红细胞(SRBC)作为致敏原,测定不同HBsAg免疫小鼠后迟发性超敏反应(DTH)的发生程度.结果不同来源HBsAg对ConA或LPS刺激的反应指数(SI)表现出不同的时间曲线,一般于免疫20?d和25?d时显著升高,其中血源HBsAg较高,酵母较低.H.M.-HBsAg在免疫5?d时即显出较高的SI值.CHO-HBsAg对SRBC诱导的DTH反应具有显著的抑制作用(P＜0.05).结论不同来源HBsAg诱导细胞免疫反应的类型和程度存在差异,CHO细胞来源的HBsAg对TH1细胞介导的DTH反应有抑制作用.     

白术多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞功能的调节

研究了白术多糖ＰＡＭ体内及体外对小鼠脾淋巴细胞的调节作用。结果表明：白术多糖ＰＡＭ在一定的浓度范围内能单独激活或协同ＣｏｎＡ／ＰＨＡ促进正常小鼠淋巴细胞转化并能明显提高ＩＬ－２分泌的水平。ＰＡＭ对氢化可的松造成的免疫抑制小鼠淋巴细胞的增殖功能有恢复作用。同时还发现白术多糖ＰＡＭ对淋巴细胞的调节与β－肾上腺素受体激动剂异丙肾上腺素相关。     

卵巢切除对大鼠子宫雌激素受体亚型表达的影响

目的 通过对去卵巢大鼠雌激素受体亚型在子宫表达的观察，研究卵巢切除对大鼠子宫影响的机制。方法 选择成年Wistar大鼠30只，10只为正常组，10只为假手术组，10只为模型组(去卵巢组)。6周后处死大鼠，分离摘取子宫，常规石蜡包埋、切片，分别进行ERα、ERβ抗体的免疫组织化学染色。结果 1．ERα在正常组、假手术组及模型组子宫的上皮细胞、间质细胞及肌细胞核均有表达，其中以腺上皮细胞表达最强。图像分析表明，模型组腺上皮ERα表达较其他2组弱。2．ERα在去卵巢子宫中未见明显表达，只在正常组和假手术组子宫腺上皮细胞核中表达，且较ERα表达弱。结论卵巢切除后明显影响大鼠子宫ERα、ERα的表达，尤其对ERα的影响较为显著。