Ⅰ～ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结清扫范围的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）外科治疗中系统性淋巴结清扫的作用。方法 对可手术的504例Ⅰ-ⅢA期病例随机分成研究组和对照组。研究组在肺切除同时行系统纵隔淋巴结清扫术;对照组则在肺切除同时仅行肺门淋巴结清扫术;纵隔淋巴结肉眼怀疑转移者则行该淋巴结摘除术。凡符合入选标准病例均对术式、病理类型、病理分级、肿瘤体积、淋巴结切除总数目、淋巴结转移数目、淋巴结转移比（淋巴结转移数量／淋巴结切除总数量）、PTNM分期、辅助治疗、随访期间内的复发转移、手术并发症、生存时间、生存质量等13项指标进行观察和评价。生存分析用Kaplan-Meier法,预后分析用Cox成比例危险率模型。结果 504例中,符合研究标准的病例共320例,研究组160例,平均每例切除淋巴结9．49个;对照组160例,平均每例切除淋巴结3．63个。Ⅰ期肺癌研究组的1,3,5,9年生存率分别为91．8％、86．9％、81．4％和74．2％,对照组为88．7％、72．5％、58．5％和52．1％,差异有显著性。Ⅱ、ⅢA期两组间的生存曲线差异无显著性。影响长期生存率的因素有术后分期、淋巴结转移比和淋巴结清扫范围3个因素。结论 肺叶（全肺）切除加上系统性的胸内淋巴结清扫,能减少肺癌术后局部复发率和远处转移率,提高长期生存率,可列为非小细胞肺癌的规范性术式。     

Laparoscopic bile duct resection with lymph node dissection for gallbladder cancer diagnosed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

IntroductionLaparoscopic reoperation of postoperatively diagnosed gallbladder cancer is a technically challenging procedure due to inflammatory adhesion or fibrosis around the hepatoduodenal ligament and gallbladder bed [1,2]. Here we describe a technique for laparoscopic bile duct resection with lymph node dissection in a patient with cystic duct cancer diagnosed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.VideoA 73-year-old woman presented with postoperatively diagnosed gallbladder cancer. She underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy to treat symptomatic gallbladder stones at another hospital, 2 months earlier. Postoperative pathology revealed a 0.9 × 0.7 cm, T2 lesion of adenosquamous carcinoma located at the cystic duct. The cystic duct margin showed high-grade dysplasia. We planned to perform laparoscopic bile duct resection with lymph node dissection. After adhesiolysis to expose the hepatoduodenal ligament, the lymph nodes were dissected around the retropancreatic area, hepatoduodenal ligament, and common hepatic artery in an en bloc fashion. Combined segmental resection of the bile duct, including the fibrotic scar around the cystic duct stump, was completed with negative resection margins. Retrocolic choledochojejunostomy and side-to-side jejunojejunostomy were then performed intracorporeally.ResultsThe operation time was 195 minutes and the estimated intraoperative blood loss was minimal. The postoperative pathologic report revealed no residual tumor tissue and negative resection margins. Lymph node metastasis was found in one of eight retrieved lymph nodes. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 4 with no postoperative complications.Conclusion.Laparoscopic radical surgery involving bile duct resection and lymph node dissection can be safely performed in patients with postoperatively diagnosed gallbladder cancer.     

腹腔镜在子宫颈癌治疗中的应用--附37例分析

目的　探讨腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除和盆腹腔淋巴结切除治疗子宫颈癌的可行性及价值。　方法　采用腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除和盆腔及腹主动脉周围淋巴结切除治疗 37例子宫颈癌。其中有2 5例选择性腹主动脉周围内淋巴结切除。　结果　腹腔镜下手术时间平均 182min ,术中出血平均16 8ml,切除淋巴结数平均 16个 ,术后住院平均 10 2天。术中发生膀胱损伤 1例、静脉损伤 2例 ,均于镜下修补成功 ;1例损伤大肠中转开腹 ;2例出现尿潴留。　结论　腹腔镜下施行广泛子宫切除和盆腹腔淋巴结切除术安全可行 ,且手术创伤小 ,并发症少 ,术后恢复快。     

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in T3 and T4b Breast Cancer Patients: Analysis in a Tertiary Cancer Hospital and Systematic Literature Review

IntroductionBreast cancer represents the most common type of cancer among women in the world. The presence and extent of axillary lymph node involvement represent an important prognostic factor. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is currently accepted for T1 and T2 with negative axillae (N0); however, many patients with T3-T4b tumors with N0 are often submitted to unnecessarily axillary lymph node dissection.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective, observational study of patients treated for breast cancer between 2008 and 2015, with T3/T4b tumors and N0, who underwent SLNB. A systematic review of the literature was also carried out in 5 bases.ResultsWe analyzed 73 patients, and SLNB was negative for macrometastasis in 60.3% of the cases. With a mean follow-up of 45 months, no ipsilateral axillary local recurrence was observed. In the systematic review, only 7 articles presented data for analysis. Grouping these studies with the present series, the rate of N0 was 32.1% for T3 and 61.0% for T4b; grouping all studies (T3 and T4b n = 431) the rate was 32.5%.ConclusionsSLNB in T3/T4b tumors is a feasible and safe procedure from the oncological point of view, as it has not been associated with ipsilateral axillary relapse.     

喉声门上区癌颈淋巴结转移的处理：（附50例报告）

1978年至1987年经手术治疗喉声门上区癌50例,对临床无颈淋巴结转移的36例,19例仅切除原发灶,17例在切除原发灶的同时行选择性功能性颈深上淋巴结清除术;另14例临床颈淋巴结转移的病例,行原发灶切除的同时行治疗性颈清除术。结果,T_1N_0M_0 T_2N_0M_0 T_(3-4)N_0M_0 T_(1-4)N_(1-2)M_0各组转移率分别为15％,50％,60％和71.4％,且转移部位皆在中、上颈部。本文提出声门上区癌颈淋巴结的处理意见为:T_1N_0M_0组行选择性中、上颈功能性区域淋巴结清除术;T_2N_0M_0和T_3N_0M_0组行选择性功能性颈清除术;T_(1-4)N)(1-2)M_0组行治疗性颈清除术。     

External validation of the pathological nodal staging score in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A population-based study

ObjectivesTo externally validate our previously developed pathological nodal staging model (pNSS) that allows quantification of the likelihood that a patient with pathologic node-negative status has, indeed, no lymph node metastasis (LNM).Patients and methodsWe analyzed data from 2,768 patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and lymph node dissection (LND) using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1988 to 2010. We estimated the sensitivity of pathologic nodal staging using a beta-binomial model and developed a new pNSS. Then, we compared these findings with those of the initial cohort.ResultsThe mean and median numbers of lymph node (LN) removed were 5 and 2, respectively (interquartile range = 5) in the validation cohort, though 66.5% of the patients (n = 1814) were pN0. Similar to the development cohort, the probability of missing a LNM decreased as the number of nodes examined increased in the validation cohort. If only a single node was examined, 35% of patients would be misclassified as pN0 while harboring LNM. Even when 5 nodes were examined, 8% would be misclassified. The probability of having a positive node increased with advancing pathological T stage in both the cohorts. Patients with pT0-Ta-Tis-T1 disease in both cohorts would have more than a 95% chance of a correct pathologic nodal staging with 2 examined nodes. However, if a patient has pT3–T4 disease, more than 12 examined LNs are needed to reach 95% accuracy.ConclusionsWe confirmed that the number of examined nodes needed for adequate staging depends on pT category. We externally validated our previous pNSS in a population-based database, which could help in the clinical decision-making regarding adjuvant chemotherapy administration.     

进展期胃下部癌No.14v淋巴结转移的危险因素

目的探讨进展期胃下部癌No.14v淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法分析2013年1月至2016年12月247例胃下部癌病人的临床资料,所有病人均行胃癌D2+No.14v淋巴结切除术。记录病人的一般资料、各组淋巴结检出数目及阳性数目,分析No.14v淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果247例共检出淋巴结11 837枚(16~107枚/例),平均(47.92±15.11)枚/例。179例有淋巴结转移,总体淋巴结转移率为72.47%。共获取No.14v淋巴结716枚(1~9枚/例),平均(2.90±1.43)枚/例。247例中No.14v淋巴结转移19例,转移率为7.69%。No.14v淋巴结转移与性别、肿瘤侵犯深度、分化程度、Laurén分型及Borrmann分型不相关(P0.05),与肿瘤大小、部位、pTNM分期以及No.4和No.6淋巴结转移相关(P0.05)。结论进展期胃下部癌病人,原发灶位于胃大弯侧、肿瘤最大径≥4 cm,以及怀疑No.4或No.6淋巴结转移,是No.14v淋巴结转移的危险因素。     

胸中上段食管癌三野淋巴结清扫及二野淋巴结清扫疗效比较

目的 比较胸中上段食管癌行三野淋巴结清扫术及二野淋巴结清扫术的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析襄阳市中心医院胸心外科2012年1月至2013年12月收治的98例胸中上段食管癌患者的临床资料和随访结果,所有患者均行食管癌根治术治疗.其中50例行三野淋巴结清扫术,48例行二野淋巴结清扫术,比较两组患者治疗后的围术期并发症、清扫淋巴结数、淋巴结转移数、随访淋巴结复发率以及3年生存率等情况.结果 术后心肺并发症发生率、术中出血量、吻合口瘘发生率等指标三野清扫组与二野清扫组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);三野清扫组与二野清扫组的平均清扫淋巴结数(28.04枚vs 18.23枚)和平均阳性淋巴结数(5.52枚vs 2.25枚)比较,三野清扫组均多于二野清扫组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);95例完成随访,平均随访时间为26.6个月,其中三野清扫组48例,二野清扫组47例;随访期间三野清扫组患者的淋巴结复发率为37.5%(18/48),明显低于二野清扫组的53.2%(25/47),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三野清扫组患者的3年生存率为56.3%(27/48),明显高于二野清扫组的38.3%(18/47),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 胸中上段食管癌行三野淋巴结清扫食管癌根治术安全可行,该术式下颈部及上纵隔淋巴结清扫更彻底,可降低局部复发率,提高患者术后生存率,具有一定的临床意义.