Inactivated influenza vaccine formulated with single-stranded RNA-based adjuvant confers mucosal immunity and cross-protection against influenza virus infection

Influenza vaccination is considered the most valuable means to prevent and control seasonal influenza infections, which causes various clinical symptoms, ranging from mild cough and fever to even death. Among various influenza vaccine types, the inactivated subunit type is known to provide improved safety with reduced reactogenicity. However, there are some drawbacks associated with inactivated subunit type vaccines, with the main ones being its low immunogenicity and the induction of Th2-biased immune responses. In this study, we investigated the role of a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) derived from the intergenic region in the internal ribosome entry site of the Cricket paralysis virus as an adjuvant rather than the universal vaccine for a seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine. The ssRNA adjuvant stimulated not only well-balanced cellular (indicated by IgG2a, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) and humoral (indicated by IgG1 and IL-4) immune responses but also a mucosal immune response (indicated by IgA), a key protector against respiratory virus infections. It also increases the HI titer, the surrogate marker of influenza vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, ssRNA adjuvant confers cross-protective immune responses against heterologous influenza virus infection while promoting enhanced viral clearance. Moreover, ssRNA adjuvant increases the number of memory CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, which can be expected to induce long-term immune responses. Therefore, this ssRNA-adjuvanted seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine might be the best influenza vaccine generating robust humoral and cellular immune responses and conferring cross-protective and long-term immunity.     

Baseline immune activation as a risk factor for the onset of depression during interferon-alpha treatment.

BACKGROUND: Major depression has been associated cross-sectionally with increased cell-mediated immune activation but causality has been difficult to establish. This study prospectively investigated the hypothesis that baseline level of immune activation predicts the development of depression during interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) treatment. METHODS: Sixteen hepatitis C patients without psychiatric disorder underwent IFN-alpha treatment. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were determined before starting treatment. Presence of a major depressive disorder (MDD) was assessed at baseline and several times during treatment. RESULTS: Baseline soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2r), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations were significantly increased in the five subjects that developed MDD during treatment compared with those that did not, with standardized effect sizes of 1.08, 1.16, and 1.25, respectively, controlling for marijuana use, cigarette smoking, and baseline level of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that increased immune activation, rather than an epiphenomenon, is a causal risk factor for the development of MDD.     

急性脑梗死血清C-反应蛋白的临床分析

目的观察急性脑梗死患者血清CRP在发病中的作用及临床意义。方法采用免疫比浊法对60例急性脑梗死患者的血清CRP水平进行动态观察（病程第1．7及14天），并与45例健康人进行比较。结果急性脑梗死患者血清CRP从病程第1天即升高（P〈0．01），至第7天达高峰，以后降低；重型患者明显高于轻、中型患者。结论血清CRP可能在急性脑梗死的发生、发展中起一定作用，并与病情严重程度呈正相关。     

Effect of periodontal therapy on specific antibody responses to suspected periodontopathogens

The effects of clinically successful periodontal therapy were studied in juvenile periodontitis (JP) and rapidly progressive periodontitis (RP) patients and compared with periodontally healthy subjects (HS). Serum samples were obtained in 35 HS prior to the study and in 12 of these subjects 3-4 years later. Serum samples were obtained from 50 JP patients initially, 9 subjects immediately following surgical therapy and 29 of these subjects 3-4 years later. RP patients provided 46 initial serum samples, 9 following therapy and 27 samples 3-4 years later. Antibody levels were determined utilizing a standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with Bacteroides gingivalis, B. ochracea, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serving as antigens. The JP patients showed an initial rise in antibody levels immediately following therapy followed by a significant decrease in antibody levels 3 to 4 years later. The RP patients did not show an early change in antibody levels but by 3 to 4 years post-therapy, antibody levels had significantly decreased. However, during this study, the antibody levels of JP and RP patients remained significantly higher when compared with HS patients.     

白细胞介素-18基因修饰的胎肝细胞经脾移植对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：观察表达mIL-18的重组腺病毒基因修饰的胎肝细胞（AdmIL-18/BNL.CL2)经脾移植对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：实验组小鼠经脾移植AdmIL-18/BNL.CL2，同时设LacZ病毒对照组（Ad-LacZ/BNL.CL2),BNL.CL2细胞对照组及空白对照组。2周后处死，留取血清，制备腹腔巨噬细胞、脾淋巴细胞、肝组织匀浆液，提取肝组织总RNA。采用ELISA法检测各组小鼠血清、腹腔Mφ和脾细胞培养上清、肝匀浆中细胞因子的含量；采用半定量RT－PCR法，检测肝组织细胞因子mRNA相对表达量；以LDH释放法测定腹腔Mφ杀伤活性和脾NK细胞活性，用MTT还原比色法测定脾淋巴细胞的增殖活性。结果：实验组小鼠血清、细胞培养上清及肝匀浆中，IL－18、IL－2、IFN－γ、TNF-α稔均高于其它对照组，而IL－4、IL－10水平则低于对照组；半定量RT－PCR结果与ELISA检测结果一致；同时，实验组腹腔Mφ的杀伤活性和脾NK细胞活性，及脾淋巴细胞增殖活性也明显高于对照组。结论：AdmIL-18能有效转染至胎肝细胞并稳定表达mIL-18;AdmIL-18基因修饰的胎肝细胞经脾移植后，可显著提高肝脏、脾脏免疫细胞活性，活化腹腔Mφ，促进Th1类细胞因子表达，抑制Th2类细胞因子的分泌。     

烧伤后红细胞免疫的变化及意义

对近年来烧伤后红细胞免疫的研究作一综述。     

中西医结合冲击治疗免疫性不孕的临床研究

目的：探讨中西医结合冲击治疗对女性免疫性不孕症病人的治疗效果。方法：应用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）对560例病人血清和宫颈粘液中的抗精子抗体（AsAb）、抗子宫内膜抗体（IAEmAb）、抗卵巢抗体（AOVAb、抗人绒毛膜促性腺激素抗体（AhCGAb）进行检测，采用中药，维生素E、维生素C对所有抗体阳性者进行周期性治疗，2个周期为1疗程。结果：560例病人血清中共检测中各种抗体641例例次，宫颈粘液中共检出各抗体596例次。治疗1疗程，AsAb、AEmAb、AOVAb、AhCGAb在血清的转阴率分别为87．4％、85．4％、74．0％、86．5％，在宫颈粘液中的转阴率分别为93．7％、95．0％、87．0％，94．2％，在宫内颈粘液中的转阴率分别为90．1％、94．0％、94．7％、100．0％，抗体转阴后妊娠率高达58．2％，结论：中西医结合冲击治疗对免疫性不孕抗体转阴所需时间短，转阴率和转阴后妊娠率高，对AsAb、AEmAb、AOVAb与AhCGAb等所致的免疫性不孕均有显著疗效。     

腹腔镜手术对HIV感染者免疫功能的影响

目的:检测HIV(+)者腹腔镜手术前后主要细胞和体液免疫指标的变化并与HIV(-)者对照,探讨微创手术对HIV感染者主要免疫功能的影响。方法:将42例胆囊疾病患者分为2组:观察组(HIV+)22例,对照组(HIV-)20例。用同样方法施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)。于术前1d,术后3、7d(POD3,7)检测血常规、白蛋白,CD3、CD4、CD8及其百分比和CD4/CD8;IgG、IgM、IgA,补体C3和C4,CRP。HIV(+)者检测HIV-RNA。常规统计学方法处理所得数据。结果:白细胞总数HIV(-)组>HIV(+)组(POD3,7)(P<0.05)。淋巴和中性粒细胞无显著变化(P>0.05)。白蛋白2组手术前后>35g/L。IgA手术前后HIV(+)>HIV(-)(P<0.05)。IgG、IgGM、C3和C42组手术前后均无显著变化,均在正常范围。CD4HIV(+)者术前1天至术后1月<50copy/ml。组间比较:CD4手术前后HIV(+)0.05)。CD4/CD8手术前后HIV(+)0.05)。CRPHIV(+)组术前>POD3,7(P<0.05)。CRP HIV(-)组术前相似文献   

CD80mAb协同imDC诱导同种异体大鼠胰十二指肠移植免疫耐受

目的 观察共刺激分子阻断剂CD80单克隆抗体（CD80mAb）在协同未成熟树突细胞（imDC）诱导同种异体大鼠胰十二指肠移植免疫耐受中的作用。方法 建立糖尿病大鼠胰十二指肠移植动物模型；4E5杂交瘤细胞株BABIMC小鼠腹腔注射，抽取腹水，分离纯化后获得CD80mAb；分离供体大鼠骨髓来源DC细胞前体，经GM—CSF、IL-4体外刺激后。再加入IL-10共培养，鉴定为imDC；移植前7d，将2×10^6imDC经静脉途径注射至受体体内，同时分别给予生理盐水1ml、CD80mAb5mg连续14d。结果 四组受体大鼠移植后中位生存时间分别为12．7d、32．4d、50．2d、92．0d，实验组存活时间明显延长；组织学观察发现移植后7dCD80mAb＋imDC组移植物形态尚完整，淋巴细胞浸润减少；混合淋巴细胞反应证实移植后7dCD80mAb＋imDC组供受体间呈低反应性。结论 共刺激分子阻断剂CD80mAb能够协同imDC诱导受体T细胞对移植物的免疫耐受，降低宿主对移植物的急、慢性排斥反应，延长移植物的存活时间。     

Immunological responses to pneumococcal vaccine in frail older people

Advanced age has been associated with a wide range of defects in both the innate and adaptive immune systems including diminished specific antibody responses that increase the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and limit the effectiveness of vaccines. However, the elderly are a heterogeneous group and measures of overall frailty may be a better indicator of disease susceptibility (or vaccine response) than chronological age alone.