广西地区阳虚体质成因分析

[目的]探讨广西地区健康体检人群的中医体质分布情况及其成因。[方法]随机对广西医科大学第一临床医学院体检中心1002例健康体检人群进行问卷调查,采用标准化的9种中医体质分类量表测评得分,应用最大得分法判定个体体质类型。[结果]平和体质293例,偏颇体质为709例(70.76%)。其中偏颇体质前三位分别为:阳虚体质171例(17.10%),阴虚体质117例(11.70%),湿热体质116例(11.60%)。[结论]广西地区的偏颇体质主要为阳虚体质。     

菟丝子外用对实验性豚鼠白癜风的药效

目的:考察菟丝子外用对实验性白癜风豚鼠模型的治疗作用,为《中国药典》增补其“外用消风祛斑”的功效提供药效学依据.方法:采用H2O2化学脱色法制备实验性白癜风豚鼠模型,观察菟丝子1.86,0.93,0.49 g·kg-1外涂40 d对豚鼠皮肤黑色素分布及血浆中酪氨酸酶(TYR)、血清胆碱酯酶(CHE)和单胺氧化酶(MAO)活性的影响.结果:菟丝子外用对实验性白癜风有良好的治疗作用,给药组皮肤黑色素分布含量增多,与模型组比较,菟丝子高、中剂量组具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);菟丝子高、中剂量血浆TYR[(30.57±3.39),(24.33±1.89) ng·mL-1]明显高于模型组[(16.43±3.50) ng·mL-1](P＜0.01);菟丝子高剂量血清CHE[(94.20±6.73)U·mL-1]明显高于模型组[(86.55±5.61) U·mL-1] (P ＜0.01);菟丝子高剂量血清MAO[(36.42±3.99) U·mL-1]明显低于模型组[(40.59±4.04)U·mL-1](P＜0.05).结论:菟丝子外用对白癜风豚鼠模型有治疗作用.     

贵州省猪乙型脑炎血清流行病学调查

为了解贵州省猪群中JEV隐性感染情况及疫苗免疫效果,采集了未免疫猪群血清样本592份和免疫猪群血清104份,进行猪乙型脑炎病毒血清抗体ELISA检测。结果显示,贵州省JEV隐性感染抗体平均水平为59.97%（355/592）,不同地区隐性感染率略有不同;在养殖方式上,JEV隐性感染率呈现种猪场<规模养猪场<养殖小区的趋势;在时间上呈现4-10月份为上升阶段,11月份出现下降;对疫苗免疫猪群的调查显示,JEV疫苗能刺激机体产生良好的血清抗体水平。以上数据分析可见,贵州省未免疫猪群存在严重的JEV隐性感染情况,感染严重程度与本地蚊群的繁殖季节呈正相关性,本病的预防应坚持疫苗免疫。     

Accuracy and resolution of in vitro imaging based porcine lens volumetric measurements

There is considerable interest in determining lens volume in the living eye. Lens volume is of interest to understand accommodative changes in the lens and to size accommodative IOLs (A-IOLs) to fit the capsular bag. Some studies have suggested lens volume change during accommodation. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the only method available to determine lens volume in vivo. MRI is, by its nature, relatively low in temporal and spatial resolution. Therefore analysis often requires determining lens volume from single image slices with relatively low resolution on which only simple image analysis methods can be used and without repeated measures. In this study, 7 T MRI scans encompassing the full lens volume were performed on 19 enucleated pig eyes. The eyes were then dissected to isolate and photograph the lens in profile and the lens volumes were measured empirically using a fluid displacement method. Lens volumes were calculated from two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) MR and 2D photographic profile images of the isolated lenses using several different analysis methods. Image based and actual measured lens volumes were compared. The average image-based volume of all lenses varied from the average measured volume of all lenses by 0.6%–6.4% depending on the image analysis method. Image analysis methods that use gradient based edge detection showed higher precision with actual volumes (r²: 0.957–0.990), while threshold based segmentation had poorer correlations (r²: 0.759–0.828). The root-mean-square (RMS) difference between image analysis based volumes and fluid displacement measured volumes ranged from 8.51 μl to 25.79 μl. This provides an estimate of the error of previously published methods used to calculate lens volume. Immobilized, enucleated porcine eyes permit improved MR image resolution relative to living eyes and therefore improved image analysis methods to calculate lens volume. The results show that some of the accommodative changes in lens volume reported in the literature are likely below the resolution limits of imaging methods used. MRI, even with detailed image analysis methods used here, is unlikely to achieve the resolution required to accurately size an A-IOL to the capsular bag.     

Effects of different monochromatic lights on refractive development and eye growth in guinea pigs

We investigated whether different monochromatic lights with similar luminance or identical light quantum number produce predictable changes in refractive state and eye growth in early eye development in guinea pigs. In experiment I, three groups of guinea pigs (two weeks of age, n = 18 in each group) were reared for 12 weeks under LED lighting of 430 nm (short-wavelength light, SL), 530 nm (middle-wavelength light, ML), and broad-band light (BL). The lighting conditions were set to provide equal levels of luminance. All animals underwent refraction and biometric measurements every 2 weeks. In experiment II, the lighting conditions were set at equal quantum number and another three groups of guinea pigs were raised and tested for 20 weeks. In experiment I, compared to the BL group, refraction of the ML group was less hyperopic (P < 0.001) with a faster vitreous extension (P < 0.001), while the SL group was more hyperopic with a slower vitreous elongation (P < 0.001). The mean difference in refraction between the SL and ML groups reached about 4.5 D at maximum. The refractive changes and eye growth in experiment II were very similar to experiment I during the first 12 weeks, but the difference in refraction between the SL and ML groups reached 6.05 D after 20 weeks of treatment, which was greater than the longitudinal chromatic aberration (approximately 1.5 D) in the guinea pigs eyes. The results suggest that the guinea pigs’ eyes overcompensated in response to narrow-band light, which resulted in an exaggerated and inaccurate refractive growth.     

TIMP-2基因转染豚鼠巩膜成纤维细胞基质金属蛋白酶2及其抑制剂表达

目的观察转染基质金属蛋白酶2抑制剂(tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase2,TIMP-2)基因的豚鼠巩膜成纤维细胞不同时间增生能力及基质金属蛋白酶2(matrix metalloproteinase2,MMP-2)和TIMP-2的表达,探讨基因治疗近视的可行性。方法随机选取三色健康豚鼠,组织块法体外培养原代巩膜成纤维细胞,免疫组织化学法进行波形蛋白的鉴定,取第3～6代细胞进行实验。分子克隆构建携带TIMP-2基因的真核表达载体,转染豚鼠巩膜成纤维细胞,MTT法观察转染后12h、24h、48h、3d、5d、7d细胞增生能力。提取总RNA,二步法逆转录-聚合酶链反应检测MMP-2mRNA及TIMP-2mRNA的表达水平。结果豚鼠巩膜成纤维细胞原代、传代培养生长良好,波形蛋白鉴定阳性。转染3d、5d、7d TIMP-2基因转染组成纤维细胞的增生速度分别为0.6724±0.0092、0.7963±0.0060、0.8462±0.0064,明显快于正常对照组成纤维细胞(0.5810±0.0120、0.6525±0.0072、0.7129±0.0132),差异均具有显著统计学意义(均为P<0.01)。转染48h MMP-2mRNA表达即开始减少,转染3d时表达明显减少,达到最低,除转染12h与24h之间外,转染组与正常对照组、各转染不同时间组间MMP-2mRNA表达差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。TIMP-2mRNA表达在转染48h时即开始增加,除12h与24h外,转染组与正常对照组、各转染不同时间组间TIMP-2mRNA表达差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论转染TIMP-2基因对豚鼠巩膜成纤维细胞有促增生作用,TIMP-2基因转染豚鼠巩膜成纤维细胞抑制MMP-2mRNA的表达,可在一定程度上阻止近视发展中巩膜组织的丢失与重塑。     

外用眼膏进入结膜下组织不良反应的实验研究

目的观察结膜下注入不同基质眼膏后,组织的炎症反应、病理变化及眼膏的降解吸收情况。方法将72只豚鼠随机分为3组,以凡士林和液状石蜡为基质的红霉素眼膏为A组,以玻璃酸钠和卡波姆为基质的氧氟沙星眼膏为B组,C组结膜下注射甲基纤维素作为对照组。3种药物各0.2mL分别注入豚鼠上方球结膜下,于注射后1d、3d、7d、14d、21d、28d,6个时间点观察3组结膜充血肿胀、眼膏降解与扩散及组织病理学改变。结果 A组结膜肿胀明显,眼膏液化向周围间隙扩散,未见明显降解吸收;病理变化显示早期炎性细胞以中性粒细胞为主,晚期纤维组织增生机化。B组结膜充血较明显,眼膏呈斑驳状扩散并逐渐被降解吸收;炎性细胞数目多于A组,但仅少量纤维组织增生。C组结膜肿胀轻、充血不明显;炎性细胞浸润少。结论 A组眼膏在结膜下反应最重、降解吸收最慢、病理变化最明显,建议不要用于有创口的组织表面;B组眼膏可降解吸收、增生较轻,认为可用于泪道探通术后和眶内填充。     

兔眼与猪眼视网膜色素上皮细胞分离及培养方法的对比

目的分别对兔眼及猪眼视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞进行体外分离、培养和鉴定,探讨二者的异同点及注意事项。方法对有色兔眼和猪眼的RPE细胞采用胰蛋白酶消化法进行分离、培养和传代,取第4代细胞用于实验。免疫细胞化学染色对传代的细胞进行鉴定。光学显微镜下观察并比较培养的2种动物来源RPE细胞的形态、特征,并对2种动物来源的RPE细胞的培养过程进行比较。结果2种动物来源的RPE细胞分离方法的不同与各自眼球的解剖结构相关,主要体现在消化过程,猪眼RPE细胞1次消化即可分离,兔眼RPE细胞需2次消化得到。原代猪眼RPE细胞24h内贴壁较兔眼48～72h贴壁时间早。培养早期细胞生长活跃,随传代次数增加活力下降,色素颗粒减少。免疫细胞化学染色提示细胞角蛋白（AE1／AE3）表达阳性。结论2种动物来源的RPE细胞均可通过胰蛋白酶消化法分离,获得的RPE细胞数量多,培养成功率高。猪眼RPE细胞的分离培养更为容易。4代以内的RPE细胞适合于实验研究。     

小型猪减压性骨坏死病理及血液流变学改变

目的 通过反复加减压建立小型猪减压性骨坏死模型并观察其血液流变学改变.方法 12头小型香猪,每周2～3次暴露于0.45 MPa加压舱内,每次6 h,1 min匀速减至常压.用锥板式黏度计测定全血黏度,光镜下血小板计数,反复加减压3个月后进行股骨同位素发射计算机扫描(ECT)及组织病理学检查.结果 ECT检查发现,动物股骨头同位素聚集增加,骨病理检查发现股骨发生缺血性坏死改变,血小板计数随加压次数增多而进行性降低,低剪切率下全血黏度则进行性升高.结论 减压性气泡引起的血小板消耗、血黏度增高是骨缺血坏死的原因之一.     

Sewage sludge and liquid pig manure as possible sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria

Within the last decades, the environmental spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria has become a topic of concern. In this study, liquid pig manure (n=305) and sewage sludge (n=111) - used as agricultural fertilizers between 2002 and 2005 - were investigated for the presence of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Bacteria were tested for their resistance against 40 chemotherapeutics including several “reserve drugs”. E. coli (n=613) from pig manure were at a significantly higher degree resistant to streptomycin, doxycycline, spectinomycin, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol than E. coli (n=116) from sewage sludge. Enterococci (Ent. faecalis, n=387, and Ent. faecium, n=183) from pig manure were significantly more often resistant to high levels of doxycycline, rifampicin, erythromycin, and streptomycin than Ent. faecalis (n=44) and Ent. faecium (n=125) from sewage sludge. Significant differences in enterococcal resistance were also seen for tylosin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin high level, fosfomycin, clindamicin, enrofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin. By contrast, aminopenicillins were more effective in enterococci from pig manure, and mean MIC-values of piperacillin+tazobactam and third generation cefalosporines were significantly lower in E. coli from pig manure than in E. coli from sewage sludge. 13.4% (E. coli) to 25.3% (Ent. faecium) of pig manure isolates were high-level multiresistant to substances from more than three different classes of antimicrobial agents. In sewage sludge, high-level-multiresistance reached from 0% (Ent. faecalis) to 16% (Ent. faecium). High rates of (multi-) resistant bacteria in pig manure emphasize the need for a prudent - cautious - use of antibiotics in farm animals.