损毁室旁核对迷走神经抑制皮层诱发的下颌运动的影响

损毁家兔单、双侧室旁核，观察迷走神经对皮层诱发的下颌运动抑制性影响的变化，发现损毁单侧室旁核不影响刺激迷走神经中枢端对皮层诱发的下颌运动的抑制作用；损毁双侧室旁核，迷走神经对皮层诱发的下颌运动的抑制作用消失。     

Influence of pre-target cortical potentials on saccadic reaction times

 Saccades elicited by suddenly appearing targets show a broad distribution of reaction times. This may depend on variations in the subject’s state of preparation before target onset. To test this hypothesis, we recorded scalp event-related potentials from eight human subjects to investigate whether differences in saccadic reaction times (SRTs) are related to differences in cortical slow potentials prior to target onset. Compared with trials with medium SRTs (180–230 ms), trials with fast SRTs (130–180 ms) were found to be preceded by a more negative slow potential and trials with slow SRTs (230–280 ms) were found to be preceded by a more positive slow potential. These results support the hypothesis that cortical activation prior to target appearance influences SRTs. Received: 21 June 1996 / Accepted: 15 January 1997     

实验性视网膜光化学损伤中的蛋白激酶C

目的：研究实验性视网膜光化学损伤中蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C，PKC)活性的改变；探索地塞米松(dexamethasone，DXM)对视网膜中PKC活性的影响。 方法；48只SD大鼠分为对照组和DXM组，后者于光照前3天开始，连续5天腹膜腔注射DXM 1mg/(kg·d)。经(1 900±106.9)Ix的绿色荧光灯(λ＝510nm～560nm)连续照射24小时后的6小时和1、3、7、14天，进行视网膜PKC活性检测。 结果：光化学损伤后视网膜中的PKC活性在短暂的上升后即出现持续性的下降；DXM对PKC的活性改变无明显作用。 结论：光化学损伤中的视网膜功能障碍可能与PKC活性的持续降低有关。 （中华眼底病杂志，1997，13：78-80）     

The history of the evil eye and its influence on ophthalmology, medicine and social customs

Belief in the evil eye is one of the oldest and most widespread superstitions in the world. The concept of the evil eye has influenced present day ophthalmology, medicine, and social customs. Oculus sinister (OS), the serpent and the staff of Asclepius, the symbol of RX, and many social customs are historically related to the evil eye. Presented, in part, at the tenth annual meeting of the David G. Cogan Ophthalmic History Society, the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, March 8 and 9, 1997.     

Difference in projections to the lateral and medial facial nucleus: anatomically separate pathways for rhythmical vibrissa movement in rats

Summary The present paper demonstrates that the lateral and medial subdivisions of the rat facial motor nucleus (NVII) receive differing mesencephalic and metencephalic projections. In order to study brain projections to facial nucleus, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected iontophoretically into the entire facial nucleus or the following subdivisions: lateral, dorsolateral, medial, intermediate, and ventral. In the mesencephalic region, the retrorubral nucleus was found to project to the contralateral medial subdivision of NVII, while the red nucleus was found to project to the contralateral lateral subdivision of NVII. Other mesencephalic projections to the facial nucleus arose from the deep mesencephalic nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, central gray including inter stitial nucleus of Cajal and nucleus Darkschewitsch, superior colliculus and substantia nigra (reticular). In the metencephalic region, the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, and the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus projected mainly to the ipsilateral lateral subdivision of NVII. In addition, the trapezoid, pontine reticular, vestibular, and motor trigeminal nuclei were observed to have predominantly ipsilateral connections to the facial nucleus. In contrast, projections from the myelencephalic region were to both the lateral and medial subdivision of NVII. The medullary reticular nucleus, ambiguus nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus and parvocellular reticular nucleus projected to both lateral and medial subdivisions of NVII with an ipsilateral predominance. The gigantocellular and paragigantocellular reticular nuclei, raphe magnus, external cuneate nucleus and the nucleus of the solitary tract also projected to the facial motor nucleus. Surprisingly, no direct projections to the NVII were observed from diencephalic and telencephalic regions. Our findings that the lateral subdivision of NVII which innervates vibrissa-pad-muscles (Dom et al. 1973; Martin and Lodge 1977; Watson et al. 1982) receives different metencephalic and mesencephalic projections than medial subdivision which controls pinna movement (Henkel and Edwards 1978), suggest that the functional difference between these subdivisions is mediated by the anatomically separate pathways. We confirmed our anatomical findings by eliciting exclusively vibrissa responses by electrical stimulation of the nuclei which project to the lateral subdivision of NVII.     

92例跟骨骨折后足部畸形功能障碍治疗探讨

本文对92例106足波及距下关节的跟骨骨折治疗后1～6年遗留足畸形、功能障碍的病例(PALey:舌型17足,中央压陷型53足,严重粉碎型36足)进行了分析和总结。作者强调解剖复位、牢靠固定、一期植骨、早期关节持续被动运动及不过早负重是预防跟骨骨折众多并发症的重要措施。     

Chorea as a presenting feature of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

We report on a patient with pathologically proven variant Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in whom chorea was a presenting feature of the disease, and was unaccompanied by the typical prodrome of psychiatric disturbance or sensory symptoms.     

介绍一种新术式——巩膜壳后硅胶球植入术 附:羟基磷灰石用于义眼台植入术

眼球摘除后,若不放置眶内植入物,常发生上睑凹陷等并发症。因此,应尽量在摘除眼球的同时做一期眼窝成形手术。同仁医院眼科主要使用海绵状硅胶球作为眶内充填材料,但临床上常见植入物脱出。为此,笔者设计了巩膜壳后人工义眼台植入术,保留了直肌与巩膜的联系,以改善义眼台的运动;同时使硅胶球前面有双层自体巩膜,从而减少了硅胶球脱出的机会。10例巩膜壳后硅胶球植入手术,观察3个月～2.5年,临床效果满意。     

眼窝再造联合义眼座置入术

目的评价烧伤后用全厚皮片行眼窝再造术联合羟基磷灰石义眼座置入的疗效。方法对10例由于铁水、强酸、强碱及火药烧伤引起的眼窝闭锁进行手术治疗。其中已摘除眼球者6例，有残留萎缩眼球者4例。对8例眼部烧伤患者行一期羟基磷灰石义眼座置入同时行全厚皮片移植眼窝再造术，2例为义眼座置入后二期行眼窝再造术。皮片取自上臂或大腿内侧，包裹自制眼模在置人羟基磷灰石义眼座后置入眼窝内，上下眼睑行睑缝合术，术后6～10个月剪开睑缘，定制义眼片。结果经8～36个月(平均23．2个月)的随访，皮片均成活，义眼座无暴露，无继发感染，患眼上下穹窿形成好，放置义眼片后外观满意，无义眼片自行脱出现象。结论对一些已无结膜组织的严重烧伤患者，用全厚皮片行眼窝再造术是较为有效的手术方法。     

The Keeler Pulsair air impulse tonometer Comparison with the Perkins hand-held applanation tonometer for peri-operative measurement of intra-ocular pressure

The Keeler Pulsair is a noncontact tonometer which can be used by those without specialist ophthalmic training. The instrument was compared, in a series of 30 patients in whom a total of 150 readings were taken, in respect of accuracy, ease and speed of use, and acceptability to patients, with the Perkins hand-held applanation tonometer. There was good correlation between measurements obtained with the two instruments: r = 0.92, (p less than 0.001); the Pulsair was described as easy to use in 87% of subjects, and no patient found the procedure unpleasant. The median times taken for Pulsair measurements were 7 (range 4-14) seconds for a single reading in conscious patients, and 11 (range 4-29) seconds for four readings in anaesthetised patients. These times were significantly quicker than those recorded with the Perkins tonometer which were 83 (range 66-138) seconds and 20 (range 8-45) seconds respectively (p less than 0.001). We conclude that the Pulsair is suitable for use by those who are not ophthalmologists for the rapid measurement of intra-ocular pressure changes during anaesthesia.