Periostin在妇科恶性肿瘤中的研究现状

骨膜蛋白(periostin)是近年被发现的一种多功能高分子糖蛋白,主要由成骨细胞及其前体细胞分泌,也可由肿瘤细胞及癌旁细胞分泌。该蛋白是一种高度保守的功能蛋白质,参与细胞外基质(ECM)的组成,并与肿瘤细胞黏附、转移和生长密切相关,属于分泌型可溶性ECM蛋白。periostin促进肿瘤细胞生存的分子机制及其与肿瘤发生、发展的关系具有重要理论意义,而且可为肿瘤的临床检测和治疗提供新靶点。笔者拟就periostin的结构与功能,periostin高表达在妇科恶性肿瘤发生、发展中的作用机制,在卵巢癌、宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌的初步研究,以及periostin为肿瘤治疗提供新靶点等的最新研究进展进行阐述。     

促性腺激素释放激素激动剂降调节激素替代治疗周期在冻融胚胎移植中的研究进展

冻融胚胎移植（frozen-thawed embryo transfer,FET）技术因具有提高累积妊娠率和降低卵巢过度刺激风险等优点被广泛应用于临床,移植胚胎质量、子宫内膜以及两者同步性是FET成功的关键因素。临床常见的子宫内膜准备方案包括自然周期、控制性卵巢刺激周期、激素替代治疗（hormone replacement treatment,HRT）周期以及降调节HRT周期。大多数妇女采用常规方案进行FET子宫内膜准备,但多囊卵巢综合征、子宫内膜异位症、子宫腺肌病、反复着床失败以及薄型子宫内膜等特殊人群,采用常规方案临床效果欠佳。垂体降调节方法是在促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist,GnRHa）垂体降调节基础上应用HRT准备子宫内膜,即降调节HRT周期较常规方案可有效改善上述特殊人群的妊娠结局。综述GnRHa降调节HRT周期的相关机制及其适宜人群。     

增殖细胞核抗原指数监测激素替代治疗子宫内膜的变化

目的：了解核分裂率与增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）指数两项指标在监测子宫内膜变化中的作用。方法：选择正常月经周期内增殖期,分泌期,绝经后子宫内膜;观察接受周期性激素替代治疗后子宫内膜中两项指标的变化。结果：显示PCNA指数可敏感,可靠的反映月经周期内子宫内膜的变化。同时也能够反映激素替代治疗中,加用孕激素不同时间子宫内膜的增殖与抑制变化。结论：（1）PCNA指数可反映子宫内膜的增殖与抑制情况。（2）PCNA指数可用于激素替代治疗中对子宫内膜的监测。     

子宫内膜异位症不孕并发内膜息肉的病理特征及手术后复发分析

目的:分析子宫内膜异位症(EM)不孕患者发生内膜息肉情况及病理特征。方法:收集本院2016年1月-2017年1月收治的不孕患者,EM 67例为观察组,非EM 82例为对照组,比较两组内膜息肉发生率,观察组r-AFS不同分期内膜息肉发生率、治疗后临床妊娠率,分析发生内膜息肉的病理特征。结果:观察组内膜息肉发生率(31.3%)及息肉复发率(11.9%)高于对照组(12.2%、2.4%)(P<0.05);观察组EMⅠ期患者内膜息肉发生率17.7%、无复发,Ⅱ期内膜息肉发生率32.0%、复发率8.0%,Ⅲ期内膜息肉发生率40.0%、复发率20.0%,Ⅳ期内膜息肉发生率40.0%、复发率30.0%,各期发生率及复发率比较无差异(P>0.05);卵巢型内膜息肉发生率25.0%、复发率10.0%,腹膜型内膜息肉发生率29.0%、复发率9.7%,DIE型内膜息肉发生率43.8%、复发率18.8%,EM不同病理类型内膜息肉发生率及复发率无差异(P>0.05)。结论:EM不孕患者发生内膜息肉几率较大,及时手术切除息肉可提高妊娠率,临床应及早诊断和治疗。     

Blue dye single labelling for colorimetric sentinel lymph node mapping in early endometrial cancer: A feasibility study

BackgroundSurgical staging in endometrial cancer includes a systematic lymphadenectomy with significant morbidity, although its therapeutic role is unclear. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) study is a less morbid alternative to identify nodes most likely to be metastatic, permitting selective removal and thus reducing morbidity without compromising oncological safety. This study was done using blue dye single labelling to study the feasibility and utility in identifying SLN in early disease.MethodsTwenty-two patients of early-stage low-risk disease during surgical staging underwent cervical injection of methylene blue, SLN mapping, and sampling as per the standard algorithm, followed by a systematic lymphadenectomy in all cases. SLN were submitted separately for ultrastaging (US).ResultsTwenty patients underwent the procedure, and SLN could be identified in 18 patients with an overall mapping rate of 90% with a bilateral mapping rate of 70%, and a negative mapping rate of 10%. 57 SLN were identified along with two suspicious non-sentinel nodes and 11 were metastatic on US with a sensitivity of 66.7% and NPV of 87.5%. All patients with metastatic nodes, however, could be identified by applying the standard SLN algorithm for sampling.ConclusionSLN mapping algorithm with blue dye single labelling in early endometrial cancer, by identifying LN most likely to be metastatic enabling their selective removal may help avoid routine lymphadenectomies without compromising oncological safety. The procedure is simple and can be practiced at all centres and can also aid pathologists by pinpointing the likely metastatic nodes after a selective or complete lymphadenectomy.     

TIPE2 Ki67在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及对预后的评估价值

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子诱导蛋白8样蛋白2(TIPE2)、细胞增殖核抗原Ki67在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及对患者预后的评估价值。方法 选取2018年1月至2020年1月河北工程大学附属医院妇科收治的子宫内膜癌患者120例作为观察组,另选取同期收治的非子宫内膜癌患者130例作为对照组,所有入组患者均接受手术治疗。回顾性收集患者的临床及病理资料,比较两组患者子宫内膜组织中TIPE2、Ki67的表达水平。同时定期对观察组患者进行随访,分析患者2年生存情况,通过Cox比例风险回归模型分析子宫内膜癌患者预后的影响因素。结果 观察组、对照组子宫内膜组织中TIPE2阳性率分别为28.33%、71.54%。与对照组相比,观察组子宫内膜组织TIPE2阳性率降低（P<0.05）;观察组、对照组子宫内膜组织中Ki67阳性率分别为33.33%、5.38%。观察组子宫内膜组织Ki67阳性率高于对照组（P<0.05）。对120例子宫内膜癌患者随访2年,至随访结束,93例患者存活,生存率77.50%。Cox模型分析结果显示,TIPE2阴性（HR=3.736,95%CI=1.016～13.157）为子宫内膜...     

子宫内膜腺癌P53蛋白与基因突变的研究

目的 研究ｐ＾５３基因突变对子宫内膜腺癌临床病理特点及转归的影响。方法 运用免疫组化染色和聚合酶联反应－单链构象多态性分析（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）,检测子宫内膜腺癌患者Ｐ５３的蛋白表达与基因突变。结果 子宫内膜腺癌患者Ｐ５３蛋白表达阳性率为３４．１５％,阳性者５年存活率明显低于阴性者（Ｐ＝０．０３７）,核过表达仅与组织分化相关,而与患者年龄、分期、浸肌程度、淋巴结转移、附件转移均无关（Ｐ〉０．０５）;     

Endometrial pinopodes indicate a shift in the window of receptivity in IVF cycles

The formation of endometrial pinopodes detected by scanning electron microscopy may be a specific marker for uterine receptivity. Aiming to assess the effects of ovarian stimulation on pinopode formation, we examined sequential endometrial biopsies from 17 oocyte donors. Seven normally menstruating women served as controls. Up to four samples were taken from each woman at 24-72 h intervals between days 14 and 24, giving a total of 69 samples. The day of oocyte retrieval was designated day 14 in ovarian stimulation cycles and the day of luteinizing hormone surge was designated day 13 in natural cycles. Endometrial morphology and pinopode numbers were similar in both groups. Fully developed pinopodes appeared in only one sample per cycle, indicating their short life span. However, the cycle day these structures appeared varied up to 5 days between women and the distribution was as follows: day 18 (n = 2), day 19 (n = 7), day 20 (n = 4), day 21 (n = 3), day 22 (n = 1) in ovarian stimulation cycles, and day 20 (n = 2), day 21 (n = 2), day 22 (n = 3) in natural cycles. Furthermore, accelerated pinopode formation in ovarian stimulation cycles was positively correlated with day 13 progesterone. Our findings show that ovarian stimulation does not affect endometrial pinopode formation in terms of quantity and life span. The cycle days when pinopodes form are specific to the individual, being on average 1-2 days earlier in ovarian stimulation than in natural cycles. These changes in pinopode expression may reflect shifts in the window of receptivity, resulting in ovo-endometrial asynchrony and limiting implantation success in in-vitro fertilization.     

子宫内膜癌端粒酶活性研究

目的探索端粒酶活性与子宫内膜癌发生发展的关系。方法采用ＰＣＲ－ＴＲＡＰ方法检测３４例子宫内膜癌和６例正常子宫内膜组织的端粒酶活性。结果在３４例子宫内膜癌中,２８例端粒酶活性阳性;６例正常子宫内膜组织中,有１例端粒酶活性阳性。结论端粒酶激活与子宫内膜癌的发生发展有密切关系,并有可能成为子宫内膜癌的临床肿瘤标记物