可乐定-氯胺酮硬膜外给药在剖宫产术的应用

目的观察剖宫产术中硬膜外并用氯胺酮和可乐定对产妇和新生儿的影响。方法80例择期剖宫产产妇,随机分为四组氯胺酮组(LK组);可乐定组(LC组);氯胺酮 可乐定组(LKC组);对照组(L组)。麻醉生效后,硬膜外腔给予氯胺酮0·6mg/kg和/或可乐定1μg/kg。术中常规监测SBP、DBP、ECG、HR和SpO2。每组于用药前(T0)、切皮时(T1)、胎儿娩出时(T2)及术毕(T3)对产妇进行疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和镇静评分,并取产妇静脉血2ml、脐动静脉血各2ml,测定血浆肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)浓度。记录术中不良反应。胎儿娩出后1min和5min行Apgar评分。结果四组产妇SBP、DBP和SpO2在各时点差异均无显著意义;与L组相比,LC组与LKC组HR明显下降(P<0·05)。在T1、T2、T3时LK、LC和LKC组VAS均较L组明显降低(P<0·05),LKC组降低尤为明显(P<0·01);镇静评分均明显升高,LKC组升高更为明显(P<0·01)。在T1时L组和LK组产妇E、NE、Cor浓度较T0时均有明显升高(P<0·05),但在LC和LKC组升高不明显;在T2时各组E、NE、Cor浓度较T0时均有明显升高(P<0·05),但LKC组较其他组升高较少;在T3时L组E、NE、Cor浓度较T0时仍有明显升高(P<0·05),但LK组、LC和LKC组均有不同程度下降(P<0·05),LKC组下降尤其明显(P<0·01)。在脐动、静脉血,LK组、LC和LKC组E、NE、Cor浓度较L组均有降低(P<0·05),其中LKC组降低尤其明显(P<0·01)。四组新生儿出生后1min及5minApgar评分差异均无显著意义。L组有5例出现寒战,LK组有4例产妇出现兴奋多语。结论氯胺酮可乐定联合硬膜外给药,能更好地消除产妇术中疼痛,降低母婴的应激反应,减少二者单独应用时对母婴的不良影响。     

腹腔镜联合手术临床应用分析

目的探讨腹腔镜联合手术的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析35例腹腔镜联合手术的临床资料。结果35例腹腔镜联合手术全部获得成功,无手术并发症。结论腹腔镜联合手术能将多种腹腔疾病同时处理,创伤小,痛苦轻,住院时间短,恢复快,经济实用,能充分体现微创外科手术的优越性。     

联合断流术治疗食管静脉曲张出血的临床研究及远期疗效观察

自1981年1月以来,行联合断流术治疗门脉高压症食管静脉曲张出血102例,手术死亡率为6.9%。随访1～8年的生存率为85.7%,食管静脉曲张减轻或消失者为90%,未发现肝性脑病症状。远期死亡9例(14.3%),再出血4例(6.3%)。资料表明,这种手术既阻断了胃外又阻断了胃壁内的门-奇静脉交通血流,止血效果肯定而持久。由于未降低门静脉压力,故有利于维持肝脏的血流灌注。肝功能状况是决定治疗效果的主要因素。文章提出了选择手术适应证的条件。     

眼科手术表面与球后麻醉比较的临床研究

目的：评价表面麻醉(表麻)下行内眼手术的安全性及可行性。方法：随机抽取表麻下内眼手术300眼与球后麻醉下内眼手术288眼，对两组术中、术后并发症进行对比。结果：表麻下与球后麻醉下内眼手术效果，术中、术后并发症的发生率无显著性差异，但表麻可以最大限度减少因麻醉带来的术中、术后并发症，使内眼手术更加安全快捷。结论：表麻下行内眼手术是可行的、安全的。     

罗比卡因与布比卡因硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术时心电图及心肌酶的变化

目的　比较硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术时罗比卡因和布比卡因对心电图及心肌酶的影响。方法　择期剖宫产手术病人 30例 ,硬膜外麻醉时Ⅰ组 (15例 )用 0 5 %罗比卡因 ,Ⅱ组 (15例 )用0 5 %布比卡因。观察麻醉手术期间心电图P R、QRS波间期以及肌酸磷酸激酶 (CK)和同工酶 (CK MB)的变化 ,同时观察麻醉镇痛、肌松效果和不良反应。结果　两组病人P R、QRS波间期均在正常范围内 (P >0 0 5 )。两组病人CK术后 2 4h值明显高于术前 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但反映心肌受损特异性较高的CK MB则无明显变化 (P >0 0 5 ) ,两组间亦无差异 (P >0 0 5 )。麻醉效果及不良反应两组间无差异。结论　硬膜外麻醉时罗比卡因与布比卡因对心电图及心肌酶影响无明显差异     

颈丛阻滞下行颈动脉内膜剥脱术--附32例分析

目的观察颈丛阻滞下行颈动脉内膜剥脱术的效果.方法 28名ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级患者行32例颈动脉内膜剥脱术,采用深浅丛联合阻滞,观察围术期血液动力学指标变化,分流管放置率和并发症情况.结果 麻醉后血压和心率与麻醉前相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05),其它时点与麻醉前相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05).颈动脉夹闭前后收缩压和心率的波动性的差异无显著性(P＞0.05).围术期高血压的发生率为50.0%,低血压6.25%,心动过速28.1%,心动过缓6.25%,分流管放置率6.25%.患者满意率84.4%.无1例改用全麻,无严重围术期并发症.结论颈丛阻滞是颈动脉内膜剥脱术安全、有效的麻醉方法.     

Comparison of propofol induction with thiopentone or methohexitone in short outpatient general anaesthesia

The per- and post-operative characteristics of three different i.v. anaesthetic induction agents were studied double-blindly in 75 patients admitted for outpatient gynaecological dilatation and curettage. All the patients were premedicated with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg i.m. Induction started with alfentanil 0.015 mg/kg i.v. 60 s before either: propofol 2.2 mg/kg i.v., or thiopentone 4.0 mg/kg i.v., or methohexitone 2.0 mg/kg i.v. All the patients received 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen. The propofol patients were significantly better relaxed and had a higher incidence of hypotension during the procedure. The methohexitone patients had higher pulse rates and a higher frequency of hiccups during the procedure. Propofol induction resulted in a faster awakening of the patients and a better recovery function compared with methohexitone for the first 15 min and compared with thiopentone for the first 240 min after the procedure. Postoperative side-effects were less frequent in the thiopentone group, and minor abdominal pain was significantly more frequent in the propofol group. There was no significant difference between the groups for any variable after 240 min postoperatively.     

Gaseous homeostasis during low-flow anaesthesia

The object of this clinical study was to investigate the circle system gas homeostasis during low-flow anaesthesia using a technique designed to keep a constant inspired oxygen fraction of 0.30. Denitrogenation was adequately accomplished with mask preoxygenation, 10 l/min, for 1 min and an initial fresh gas flow of 5 l/min for 6 min after intubation. There was no need to wash out accumulated nitrogen at intervals, since the already low nitrogen concentration in the system tended to decrease after 1 h. The fresh gas flow of nitrous oxide to oxygen ratio and the inspiratory to end-expiratory oxygen concentration difference both reflected the uptake of nitrous oxide. The calculated rates of uptake of nitrous oxide, a subject of controversy, were in accordance with those found by Severinghaus and Barton & Nunn.     

静脉镇静镇痛技术在隆乳术中的临床应用

目的介绍静脉镇静镇痛技术在局部麻醉隆乳术中的应用效果和体会。方法将606例ASAⅠ、Ⅱ级隆乳术患者分为四组,分别采用负荷剂量后持续输注异丙酚-芬太尼(P-F组,n=56)、咪唑安定-芬太尼(M-F组,n=130)、异丙酚-芬太尼-氯胺酮(P-F-K组,n=68)或咪唑安定-芬太尼-氯胺酮(M-F-K组,n=352)复合液的给药方法,调整注速维持镇静深度在改良的警觉/镇静评分2或3分。结果四组患者术中的镇静镇痛效果均满意,呼吸循环功能基本稳定,均在停药3~10min后清醒,但P-F-K组和M-F-K组患者的术中疼痛发生率及程度显著低于P-F组和M-F组。术后随访所有患者均对麻醉效果满意,仅P-F组和P-F-K组分别有11例和5例患者有模糊术中记忆。结论镇静镇痛技术是适用于隆乳局部麻醉手术简单、安全有效的理想麻醉方法,复合使用小剂量氯胺酮能明显减少术中疼痛的发生率,其中以咪-芬-氯复合镇静镇痛的术中疼痛和记忆发生率最低,程度最轻,是适于该手术的最佳镇静镇痛方法。     

宫腔镜手术的麻醉处理

目的探讨宫腔镜手术麻醉方式的选择及其对患者呼吸循环的影响以及对水中毒预防的体会。方法选取416例妇科宫腔镜手术患者,根据手术种类及难易程度分别采用静脉全麻,腰-硬联合阻滞麻醉及静-吸复合全麻。术中连续监测各项生命体征,观察麻醉前后对患者呼吸循环的影响。同时为防止水中毒的发生,凡是手术时间超过1h,膨宫液超过10000ml以上的宫腔镜手术,预防性地应用呋塞米20~40mg。结果静脉麻醉诱导后,全组病人的RR(呼吸频率),HR(心率),MAP(平均动脉压)均有不同程度降低,与诱导前比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)但仍在正常范围内,无需处理,术毕即恢复正常。在正常吸氧情况下SpO2(血氧饱和度)差异无显著性(P>0.05)。联合阻滞麻醉前后各时点的HR,MAP,RR,SpO2均无明显变化。结论虽然宫腔镜手术是微创手术,但潜在的危险性依然存在,对于麻醉来说,除了选择合适的麻醉方式,为手术提供良好的镇静和肌松条件外,还要进行一系列麻醉监测,密切观察患者的各项生命体征,适当地使用呋塞米可有效预防水中毒。