关节镜下空心螺钉与缝线固定治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的疗效比较

目的比较关节镜下空心螺钉与缝线固定治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的临床及功能效果。方法回顾分析因胫骨髁间棘骨折接受关节镜下骨折固定治疗的28例患者资料,根据手术固定方法不同,将患者分为A、B两组,A组采用关节镜下空心螺钉固定;B组采用关节镜下缝线固定。对患者的手术时间、止血带应用时间等围手术期指标进行考察。在末次随访时,采用前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、特种外科医院评分（HospitalforSpecialSurgery,HSS）和Lysholm评分对膝关节的功能效果进行评估。结果共有23例患者获得最终24个月的临床及影像学随访,A组13例,B组10例。A组和B组的手术时间分为（180.3±12．7）min和（176．2±11．4）min,止血带应用时间分别为（113．7±10．4）min和（111．6±10．0）min,两组病例在手术时间和止血带应用时间方面,组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。所有病例均获骨性愈合,均未出现骨折移位。末次随访时,患侧膝关节前抽屉试验、Lachman试验均为阴性;A、B两组的平均HSS评分分别为95．0±2．9和96．8±2．4,平均Lysholm评分分别为94．2±2．1和93．8±1．9,平均膝关节屈伸活动度分为别为137．1°±9．0°和135．6°±12．1°,组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论胫骨髁间棘骨折采用关节镜下空心螺钉或缝合线固定均可确定满意的临床疗效,患者术后2年的功能效果良好。     

基于后十字韧带的膝关节多发韧带损伤两种重建技术的对比研究

目的 比较采用关节镜下经胫骨隧道技术和切开胫骨镶嵌骨块技术重建基于后十字韧带的多发韧带损伤患者术后的后向稳定性和临床疗效.方法 自2005年4月至2009年12月,共连续完成基于后十字韧带的多发韧带损伤重建修复手术135例,2年以上随访者88例.后十字韧带采用关节镜下经胫骨隧道技术重建57例(64.8％),切开镶嵌骨块技术重建31例(35.2％),合并损伤予同期重建或修复.随访时间平均(45.9±17.0)个月(24～77个月).采用KT-1000和Telos应力装置测量手术前后膝关节后向稳定性.采用Tegner、Lysholm、AAOS评分评价临床疗效.结果 两组患者的性别、年龄、受伤至手术时间、合并损伤和主观评分比较,差异均无统计学意义.经胫骨隧道组术前KT-1000两侧差值为(13.5±4.8) mm,术后为(2.4±3.4)mm;术前Telos两侧差值为(14.9±7.1) mm,术后为(4.6±4.0) mm.切开胫骨镶嵌骨块组术前KT-1000两侧差值为(13.7±5.2) mm,术后为(2.2±3.6)mm;术前Telos两侧差值为(14.9±5.9) mm,术后为(4.3±3.9) mm.两组患者KT-1000和Telos两侧差值手术前后组内比较差异均有统计学意义,而组间比较差异均无统计学意义.两组患者术后Tegner、Lysholm、AAOS评分的差异均无统计学意义.结论 采用两种技术重建基于后十字韧带的多发韧带损伤,两组患者术后的后向稳定性及功能评分差异均无统计学意义,且均可明显恢复膝关节后向稳定性.     

关节镜下保留残端纤维的前交叉韧带单束解剖重建术

目的:探讨关节镜下保留残端纤维的前交叉韧带单束解剖重建术的方法及临床效果。方法:自2007年10月至2009年11月,对17例前交叉韧带断裂患者进行保留残端纤维的前交叉韧带单束解剖重建术。其中男10例,女7例;年龄28～62岁,平均39.3岁。致伤原因:交通事故9例,日常生活摔倒受伤6例,运动创伤2例。伤后至手术时间平均8.5d(2～14d)。采用国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)分级及Lysholm评分等评估患者手术疗效。结果:17例均获随访,时间24～39个月,平均29.5个月。所有患者未发现腘窝动脉、胫神经或腓总神经损伤等并发症。12例膝关节活动度达到正常;1例出现关节僵硬,术后6个月予以关节镜下松解,术后积极功能锻炼,术后膝关节屈曲20°缺失,伸直正常;3例有屈曲5°～10°缺失;1例有5°过伸受限。17例后抽屉试验和Lachman试验均阴性。17例IKDC评分均达到或接近正常。IKDC总评分16例正常,1例接近正常。末次随访时IKDC主观评分为94.3±5.1,Lysholm评分为94.7±3.1。结论:关节镜下保留残端纤维的前交叉韧带单束解剖重建术可获得良好的临床效果。     

分期微创治疗膝关节多韧带损伤的疗效观察

目的：探讨分期微创治疗膝关节多韧带损伤的临床效果。方法2009年1月至2010年5月于广州军区广州总医院采用分期微创法治疗20例膝关节脱位多韧带损伤患者,根据Lysholm和IKDC 2000评分标准进行疗效评价。结果20例患者平均随访15个月（12～36个月）,Lysholm膝关节功能评分由术前的（26±5）分提高到术后6个月的（94±5）分（t=44.270,P=0.000）;IKDC 2000评分由术前的D级20例提高到术后6个月的A级12例、B级6例、C级2例。结论严格把握治疗时机、分期对关节内外韧带进行修复重建有利于关节功能的恢复,治疗膝关节多韧带损伤效果好。     

关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后翻修的原因分析和治疗对策

目的：总结关节镜下前交叉韧带（ACL）重建术后翻修的原因及处理策略。方法2005年2月至2008年1月广州军区广州总医院收治14例因ACL重建失败而需要进行翻修手术的患者,其中术后再次创伤4例、移植物失效松驰7例、膝关节粘连活动受限2例、术后感染1例。对ACL完全断裂4例、松驰失张力7例患者行一期ACL重建术,其中8例骨隧道位置正常,采用空心钻钻过原有可吸收螺钉,重新建立骨隧道;另3例骨隧道位置错误者重新定位隧道。对2例膝关节粘连患者行粘连松解手术。对1例术后感染患者行关节镜病灶清理、关节腔冲洗引流术及抗生素治疗。结果随访时间29～73个月,平均43.4个月。均未发生再次关节粘连、伤口感染、移植物断裂等并发症。IKDC评分由术前C级4例、D级10例改善为术后A级11例、B级2例、C级1例;术后Lysholm膝关节功能评分为（89±9）分,较术前的（62±10）分明显提高（P＜0.05）。结论关节镜下ACL重建失败原因复杂,翻修难度较大。详细的术前评估和手术方案的设计对于保证翻修手术成功十分重要。     

Arthroscopic findings in patients with painful wrist ganglia

The aetiology of painful dorsal wrist ganglia remains obscure. In a prospective study we investigated the link between a painful dorsal wrist ganglion and wrist joint abnormality with wrist arthroscopy before excision of the ganglion. Of 16 wrists arthroscoped 12 were abnormal, 10 had an abnormal scapholunate joint, and two had abnormal lunatetriquetral joints. We think that painful dorsal wrist ganglia, like popliteal cysts in the knee, are markers of underlying joint abnormalities. Surgeons who treat painful ganglia should be aware of a possible underlying cause so that they can target treatment more accurately, particularly in recurrent cases and those patients with persistent wrist pain after excision of the ganglion.     

New operative technique for treatment of arthroscopically–confirmed injury to the scapholunate ligament by volar capsuloplasty augmented with a free tendon graft

We report how scapholunate (SL) lesions found during arthroscopy were treated using a new palmar operation based on the use of a tendon loop formed using the palmaris longus tendon, with promising preliminary results. Scapholunate instability induced by hyperextension injury was diagnosed and graded arthroscopically. Volar capsuloplasty was then done by free tendon graft in the same session in 31 patients with grades II-IV scapholunate instability. Half of the patients operated on had a normal range of movement, and all except one had flexion-extension of at least 75% of the normal. Half of the patients had no pain or limitations of the use of the wrist, and although half the patients had some pain on exertion, not one had severe pain. These results are comparable to, or even better than, those reported using other methods of repair. The combined procedure saves money, diminishes the total recuperation time and, as autologous tissues are used for the repair, secondary operations for removal of the implant are unnecessary. This method seems to be a useful adjunct to the types of operative treatment available, although it is apparently not suitable in static grade IV SL instability.     

Current status of temporomandibular joint arthroscopy in the United Kingdom

In an era during which minimally invasive procedures are increasingly becoming the norm, arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) seems to be infrequently used for diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the TMJ. The reasons for this are not clear. The purpose of this study was to find out the current state of arthroscopy of the TMJ in the UK and, more specifically, how often it is used, the indications for its use, the level of experience of practising surgeons, and the reasons for not using it. Information was gathered between 2009 and 2010 from a postal and e-mail questionnaire to all oral and maxillofacial consultants in the UK. Of the 346 consultants, 215 (60%) responded to the questionnaire. Forty-two said that they currently used arthroscopy of the TMJ, and 33 of those (81%) have more than 5 years' experience. During the past year, a total of 8 consultants nationally have done 20 arthroscopies or more. Thirty-three of the procedures (81%) were done for both diagnosis and treatment. Lack of perceived need of patients and lack of interest in this specialty were the main reasons given for not doing arthroscopy, lack of training being a key secondary reason. The Storz and Olympus systems were the most commonly used within the UK. Results seem to support the opinion that arthroscopy of the TMJ is under-used, and consideration should be given to ensuring that trainees are instructed in its use, which is important in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the TMJ.     

坚骨胶囊联合关节镜和尺神经松解术治疗肘关节骨关节炎伴尺神经卡压综合征的临床研究

目的探讨坚骨胶囊联合关节镜和尺神经松解术治疗肘关节骨关节炎伴尺神经卡压综合征的临床疗效。 方法选择河北省沧州中西医结合医院2018年1月至2021年5月收治的80例肘关节骨关节炎伴尺神经卡压综合征患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分成观察组与对照组各40例。对照组给予关节镜和尺神经松解术治疗;在此基础上,观察组口服坚骨胶囊治疗。连续治疗6个月后采用顾玉东建议的肘管综合征功能评定标准进行疗效评定。治疗前后对两组患者进行Mayo肘关节功能评分（Mayo elbow performance score,MEPS）、视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分,测量肘关节活动度,进行肌电图检查。并统计两组患者副反应情况。 结果观察组肘管综合征功能评定优良率为75.00%（30/40）,与对照组的52.50%（21/40）相比显著升高（P<0.05）。两组治疗后MEPS评分均较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）,疼痛VAS评分均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）;且治疗后,观察组MEPS评分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,疼痛VAS评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后肘关节旋前度数、旋后度数以及屈伸度数均较治疗前显著增加（P<0.05）,且均以观察组改善更显著（P<0.05）。两组治疗后尺神经神经传导速度（nerve conduction velocity,NCV）、小指展肌复合肌肉动作电位（compound muscle action potential,CMAP）均较治疗前显著增加（P<0.05）,小指展肌运动诱发电位潜伏期（motor evoked potential latent period,MEPLP）均较治疗前显著缩短（P<0.05）;治疗后,观察组尺神经的NCV、小指展肌的CMAP显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,小指展肌的MEPLP显著短于对照组（P<0.05）。所有对象均无明显副反应发生。 结论坚骨胶囊联合关节镜和尺神经松解术治疗肘关节骨关节炎伴尺神经卡压综合征能安全有效地改善患者的手、肘功能,提高关节活动度,减轻疼痛程度。