二甲双胍和α-硫辛酸合用治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的疗效研究

目的：探讨二甲双胍和α-硫辛酸合用治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的疗效。方法：将Ⅱ型糖尿病患者随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组使用二甲双胍和α-硫辛酸合用治疗;对照组单用二甲双胍治疗,比较两组患者疗效。结果：观察组与对照组比较：治疗15 d后各项指标无显著性差异（t=5.32,P＞0.05）;治疗30 d后观察组各项指标明显下降,与对照组比较差异明显（t=9.12,P＜0.05）;治疗60 d后差异显著（t=10.73,P＜0.05）。两组不良反应发生率比较无显著性差异。结论：二甲双胍与α-硫辛酸合用后的效果明显强于对照组。     

急性生理学与慢性健康状况Ⅱ评分在亚低温脑复苏患者中的运用及回归模型建立

目的应用急性生理学与慢性健康状况Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）评分评价亚低温脑复苏患者的病情危重程度并判断其预后,以评估其应用的有效性。方法连续收集入急诊重症监护室（ECIU）或重症监护室（mu）的亚低温脑复苏患者共34例,分别计算各自APACHEⅡ评分,并进行验证,建立回归模型。结果纳入的34例患者APACHEⅡ评分20—47（33．86±5．12）分。9例72h内存活者为（27．83±4．89）分,25例72h内死亡者为（35．56±7．12）分,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。非条件Logistic回归分析显示,APACHEⅡ评分是亚低温脑复苏患者死亡的危险因素（P〈0．01）。结论APACHEⅡ评分可应用于亚低温脑复苏患者的病情危重程度及预后的评估,指导临床决策。     

CHA2DS2-VASc score is a useful-predictor of not prognosis but coronary-arteriosclerosis in chronic atrial-fibrillation compared with CHADS2 score: A two-center study of 320-slice CT,part 2

Background

The aim of this study is to predict the risk of coronary-arteriosclerosis and prognosis in subjects with chronic-atrial-fibrillation (CAF) using the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores by 320-slice-CT and invasive-coronary-angiography (ICA) in a two-center-study.

Methods

53 CAF subjects who underwent 320-slice-CT and ICA within 6-months (43 male; 69 ± 9 years; CHADS2 score 2.2 ± 1.3; CHA2DS2-VASc score 3.5 ± 1.6) in the two-institutes were analyzed. CT and ICA data were transferred to the analysis-center and were analyzed by cardiologists.

Results

Agatston-calcium-score and frequencies of the presence of various-kinds of plaques and > 50% and > 75% coronary artery stenosis were significantly higher in the subjects with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 compared with those with score < 3. However there were no-significant differences in the Agatston-calcium-score and frequencies of the presence of various-kinds of plaques and > 50% and > 75% coronary artery stenosis evaluated by 320-slice CT between the subjects with CHADS2 score ≥ 2 and < 2. Frequency of > 50% coronary artery stenosis by ICA was significantly higher in the subjects with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 compared with those with score < 3. However, there were no-significant differences in the frequencies of > 50% and > 75% coronary artery stenosis by ICA between the subjects with CHADS2 score ≥ 2 and < 2. During a mean of 15.9 months, composite rate of cardiac death and heart failure did not differ between subjects with CHADS2 score ≥ 2 and score < 2 and between subjects with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 and score < 3.

Conclusions

The CHA2DS2-VASc score is a useful predictor of not prognosis but coronary-arteriosclerosis in subjects with CAF compared with CHADS2 score in this two-center-study.     

Comparison of the Framingham Risk Score,SCORE and WHO/ISH cardiovascular risk prediction models in an Asian population

Background

Cardiovascular risk-prediction models are used in clinical practice to identify and treat high-risk populations, and to communicate risk effectively. We assessed the validity and utility of four cardiovascular risk-prediction models in an Asian population of a middle-income country.

Methods

Data from a national population-based survey of 14,863 participants aged 40 to 65 years, with a follow-up duration of 73,277 person-years was used. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS), SCORE (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation)-high and -low cardiovascular-risk regions and the World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) models were assessed. The outcome of interest was 5-year cardiovascular mortality. Discrimination was assessed for all models and calibration for the SCORE models.

Results

Cardiovascular risk factors were highly prevalent; smoking 20%, obesity 32%, hypertension 55%, diabetes mellitus 18% and hypercholesterolemia 34%. The FRS and SCORE models showed good agreement in risk stratification. The FRS, SCORE-high and -low models showed good discrimination for cardiovascular mortality, areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.768, 0.774 and 0.775 respectively. The WHO/ISH model showed poor discrimination, AUC = 0.613. Calibration of the SCORE-high model was graphically and statistically acceptable for men (χ² goodness-of-fit, p = 0.097). The SCORE-low model was statistically acceptable for men (χ² goodness-of-fit, p = 0.067). Both SCORE-models underestimated risk in women (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The FRS and SCORE-high models, but not the WHO/ISH model can be used to identify high cardiovascular risk in the Malaysian population. The SCORE-high model predicts risk accurately in men but underestimated it in women.     

Using the CHA2DS2-VASc Score for Refining Stroke Risk Stratification in ‘Low-Risk’ Asian Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Background

A new scoring system, the anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) score, was proposed for risk stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether the ATRIA scheme can adequately identify patients who are at low risk of ischemic stroke remains unknown.

Objectives

The goal of the present study was to compare the performance of ATRIA to that of CHA₂DS₂-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65 to 74, female) scores for stroke prediction.

Methods

This study used the National Health Insurance research database in Taiwan. A total of 186,570 AF patients without antithrombotic therapy were selected as the study cohort. The clinical endpoint was the occurrence of ischemic stroke.

Results

During the follow-up of 3.4 ± 3.7 years, 23,723 patients (12.7%) experienced ischemic stroke. The CHA₂DS₂-VASc score performed better than ATRIA score in predicting ischemic stroke as assessed by c-indexes (0.698 vs. 0.627, respectively; p < 0.0001). The CHA₂DS₂-VASc score also improved the net reclassification index by 11.7% compared with ATRIA score (p < 0.0001). Among 73,242 patients categorized as low-risk on the basis of an ATRIA score of 0 to 5, the CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores ranged from 0 to 7, and annual stroke rates ranged from 1.06% to 13.33% at 1-year follow-up and from 1.15% to 8.00% at 15-year follow-up. The c-index of CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (0.629) was significantly higher than that of the ATRIA score (0.593) in this “low-risk” category (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Patients categorized as low-risk by use of the ATRIA score were not necessarily low-risk, and the annual stroke rates can be as high as 2.95% at 1-year follow-up and 2.84% at 15-year follow-up. In contrast, patients with a CHA₂DS₂-VASc score of 0 had a truly low risk of ischemic stroke, with an annual stroke rate of approximately 1%.     

SYNTAX Ⅱ积分对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者预后的预测价值

 目的 探讨SYNTAX Ⅱ积分对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者预后的预测价值。方法 采用回顾性分析方法,收集解放军总医院第三医学中心2014-01至2016-06确诊为急性STEMI,且行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(primary percutaneous coronary intervention,PPCI)的患者445例。每例患者用SYNTAX Ⅱ积分系统评分,并记录发生主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiac events,MACE)的情况。根据评分将患者分为SYNTAX Ⅱ低分组和高分组。比较各临床因素对两组患者的影响;比较两组间终点事件的发生率和死亡率;分析急性STEMI患者全因死亡的影响因素和独立影响因素。结果 两组患者在年龄、性别、吸烟史、射血分数和Killip分级的比较中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间终点事件发生率和死亡率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示:年龄、吸烟史、射血分数、血肌酐值、Killip 分级Ⅱ—Ⅳ级和SYNTAX Ⅱ积分是急性STEMI患者全因死亡的影响因素。COX回归分析表明:年龄(OR=1.696,95% CI 1.037～2.359)、射血分数(OR=0.810,95% CI 0.713～0.907)和SYNTAX Ⅱ积分(OR=1.309,95% CI 1.132～1.317)是急性STEMI患者全因死亡的独立危险因素。结论 SYNTAX Ⅱ积分是急性STEMI患者全因死亡的独立危险因素。随着SYNTAX Ⅱ积分的增加,MACE发生率增高,发生时间越早,其全因死亡率和心源性死亡率越高。     

C形臂X线机辅助下L形解剖锁定钢板微创治疗Rüedi-AllgöwerⅡ、Ⅲ型闭合性Pilon骨折的疗效

 

目的 探讨C形臂X线机辅助下L形解剖锁定钢板微创治疗Rüedi-AllgöwerⅡ、Ⅲ型闭合性Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法 在2013-01至2018-12武警第二机动总队医院采用术中分次C形臂X线机透视骨折部位,有限切开组织,骨折复位满意,L形锁定钢板固定良好,微创治疗Rüedi-AllgöwerⅡ、Ⅲ型闭合性Pilon骨折24例患者。结果 24例均获得随访,时间6～24个月,平均(15±3.25)个月,骨折愈合佳,无切口感染、血管损伤及踝关节僵硬等并发症;仅有1例出现创伤性关节炎,后经康复治疗1年后恢复正常。根据Mazur踝关节功能评分以及骨折的复位愈合程度评定:优16例,良5例,可3例,优良率为87.5%。结论 C形臂X线机辅助下L形锁定钢板微创治疗Rüedi-AllgöwerⅡ、Ⅲ型闭合性Pilon骨折,临床观察,疗效满意。