呼吸机相关性肺炎应用一次性湿热交换器的预防效果研究

目的:研究分析应用一次性湿热交换器预防呼吸机相关性肺炎的效果。方法:选取重度颅脑外伤住院患者90例,全部患者均构建人工气道,以随机数字法将其划分成研究组与对照组,两组患者例数均为45例,研究组患者应用一次性湿热交换器,对照组患者应用常规湿化,对比分析两组患者1 h后气道内平均温度、湿化满意度、多重耐药菌感染率以及呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率。结果:和对照组相比较,研究组1 h后气道内平均温度(26.2±1.3℃)和湿化满意度(93.3%)均比较高,同时多重耐药菌感染率(4.4%)和呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率(2.2%)少,组间数据比较差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经研究结果的分析可知,对于机械通气患者应用一次性湿热交换器,可预防和减少呼吸机相关性肺炎和多重耐药菌感染的的发生,同时还可提高患者湿化满意度,有利于治疗效果和预后的改善,值得应用与推广。     

死亡结构域相关蛋白及其在宫颈病变中的研究进展

宫颈癌对妇女健康构成严重威胁,人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈病变及宫颈癌的发生密切相关。关于宫颈癌发生发展的机制仍在研究中。近年研究发现一种多功能核蛋白,即死亡结构域相关蛋白(death domain associated protein,Daxx),其与细胞内蛋白或病毒蛋白相互作用,参与调节细胞凋亡、转录调控、抗病毒等细胞活动,在不同途径中发挥不同的生理或病理作用。通过对Daxx功能及其作用机制的研究有助于进一步阐明宫颈癌发生发展的机制,有助于发现新的预防和治疗方法。综述Daxx的一般特性和研究现况及其在宫颈病变的研究进展。     

痛风的遗传基础

痛风是一种常见的由尿酸盐沉积引起的慢性炎症性关节炎。该文总结了最新的痛风遗传学基础,发现痛风的高风险基因多数与肾脏和肠道尿酸盐转运系统相关。糖酵解基因是一种异于肾和肠道尿酸排泄的血清尿酸调控路径,也为痛风和其他相关的代谢性疾病提供了新的病因学线索。基因之间的相互作用、基因与环境危险因素之间的相互作用均与痛风的发病风险相关。     

相关炎症指标预测慢性乙型肝炎患者肝纤维化程度的价值

目的研究和分析相关炎症指标预测慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者肝纤维化程度的价值,为肝硬化的早期诊断提供依据。方法选取2017年1月-2019年1月承德医学院附属医院CHB患者102例作为病例组,同期健康体检者40名作为对照组,对病例组患者行肝脏瞬时弹性硬度检查,并依据检查结果将其分为无纤维化组(18例)、轻中度纤维化组(32例)、重度纤维化组(20例)和肝硬化组(32例),对其系统炎症指数(SII)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率(NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比率(PLR)、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比率(MLR)进行观察和对比。结果对照组患者SII水平高于轻中度纤维化组、重度纤维化组和肝硬化组,无纤维化组患者SII水平高于重度纤维化组和肝硬化组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CHB患者肝纤维化程度与SII水平呈负相关关系(P<0.05),而与其他相关炎症指标缺乏相关性。SII在预测肝纤维化和预测重度肝纤维化、肝硬化中的AUC具有统计学意义(AUC=0.675、0.643,P<0.05)。结论相对于NLR、PLR、MLR等常规相关炎症指标,SII与CHB患者的肝纤维化程度具有一定的相关性,但相关性较弱且诊断价值不高,临床上须谨慎应用。     

Dose optimization of intrathecal administration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of subacute incomplete spinal cord injury

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)are a promising candidate for spinal cord injury(SCI)repair owing to their advantages of low immunogenicity and easy accessibility over other MSC sources.However,modest clinical efficacy hampered the progression of these cells to clinical translation.This discrepancy may be due to many variables,such as cell source,timing of implantation,route of administration,and relevant efficacious cell dose,which are critical factors that affect the efficacy of treatment of patients with SCI.Previously,we have evaluated the safety and efficacy of 4×10⁶ hUC-MSCs/kg in the treatment of subacute SCI by intrathecal implantation in rat models.To search for a more accurate dose range for clinical translation,we compared the effects of three different doses of hUC-MSCs-low(0.25×10⁶ cells/kg),medium(1×10⁶ cells/kg)and high(4×10⁶ cells/kg)-on subacute SCI repair through an elaborate combination of behavioral analyses,anatomical analyses,magnetic resonance imaging-diffusion tensor imaging(MRI-DTI),biotinylated dextran amine(BDA)tracing,electrophysiology,and quantification of mRNA levels of ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors.Our study demonstrated that the medium dose,but not the low dose,is as efficient as the high dose in producing the desired therapeutic outcomes.Furthermore,partial restoration of theγ-aminobutyric acid type A(GABAA)receptor expression by the effective doses indicates that GABAA receptors are possible candidates for therapeutic targeting of dormant relay pathways in injured spinal cord.Overall,this study revealed that intrathecal implantation of 1×10⁶ hUC-MSCs/kg is an alternative approach for treating subacute SCI.     

长期负性情绪应激对D-gal大鼠认知功能及海马NR2B基因甲基化表达的影响

目的探讨长期负性情绪应激对大鼠脑老化进程的影响机制。方法将雌雄各半的70只Wistar大鼠分别采用随机方法,分为空白对照组、D-gal脑老化模型组、应激脑老化组,每组14只且雌雄各半,其余大鼠做为攻击鼠参与负性情绪应激的诱导;采用颈后部皮下多点注射D-gal 0.1g/(kg·d)制备脑老化大鼠模型;采用不可预知性刺激,诱导应激脑老化组大鼠长期负性情绪应激;采用Morri′s水迷宫实验记录大鼠水下寻台时间(SPL),评价大鼠学习记忆功能;采用ELISA测定大鼠血浆促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和皮质酮(CORT)含量;采集大鼠海马样本制备匀浆,采用甲基化特异性PCR法(MSP)检测海马N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体-2B亚型(NR2B)基因调控区胞嘧啶-磷酸-鸟嘌呤位点(CpG)甲基化程度,采用ELISA法测定甲基化转移酶1(DNMT1)活性。结果与D-gal脑老化模型组比较,应激脑老化组大鼠的SPL明显延长,NR2B基因启动子区CpG甲基化程度及DNA DNMT1活性显著增高(P0.05),血浆CORT、ACTH水平显著升高(P0.05)。结论长期情绪调节不良能够加速机体大脑老化进程,其机制可能与慢性情绪应激引发机体特定基因甲基化程度增高有关。     

口服异维A酸治疗痤疮的研究

口服异维A酸是目前临床上最为有效的抗痤疮药物,可同时作用于痤疮发病的4个主要环节。异维A酸在皮脂腺细胞内独特的分子作用机制使其具有强大的抑制皮脂腺分泌活性,近来其对痤疮免疫和炎症反应的拮抗作用也越来越受到重视。口服异维A酸主要用于治疗结节囊肿型重度痤疮以及其他治疗效果不好的中、重度寻常痤疮,使用剂量应根据患者的体重、疗效、依从性及不良反应进行综合判定。小剂量[0.25~0.5 mg/(kg·d)]治疗可以显著降低药物的不良反应及增加患者依从性;累积剂量达60~120 mg/kg可以明显降低痤疮复发率。异维A酸不良反应大多以皮肤黏膜为主要表现,严重不良反应罕见,致畸是其最严重的不良反应。口服异维A酸能快速改善痤疮皮损,有效预防痤疮瘢痕形成,改善患者生活质量。     

Lycium barbarum extract promotes M2 polarization and reduces oligomeric amyloid-β-induced inflammatory reactions in microglial cells

Lycium barbarum(LB)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been demonstrated to exhibit a wide variety of biological functions,such as antioxidation,neuroprotection,and immune modulation.One of the main mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease is that microglia activated by amyloid beta(Aβ)transform from the resting state to an M1 state and release pro-inflammatory cytokines to the surrounding environment.In the present study,immortalized microglial cells were pretreated with L.barbarum extract for 1 hour and then treated with oligomeric Aβfor 23 hours.The results showed that LB extract significantly increased the survival of oligomeric Aβ-induced microglial cells,downregulated the expression of M1 pro-inflammatory markers(inducible nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1β),and upregulated the expression of M2 anti-inflammatory markers(arginase-1,chitinase-like protein 3,and interleukin-4).LB extract also inhibited the oligomeric Aβ-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1βin microglial cells.The results of in vitro cytological experiments suggest that,in microglial cells,LB extract can inhibit oligomeric Aβ-induced M1 polarization and concomitant inflammatory reactions,and promote M2 polarization.