Immunocytochemical and stereological study of glucocorticoid receptors in rat medial vestibular nucleus neurons and the effects of unilateral vestibular deafferentation

Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that neither the number of medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) neurons expressing cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors nor blood corticosterone levels change significantly during the development of vestibular compensation. Objective. Vestibular compensation is a process of partial behavioral recovery that occurs following damage to the vestibular labyrinth. It has been suggested that this compensation process might be dependent on the release of glucocorticoids such as corticosterone at the time of unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD) and that changes in glucocorticoid receptors in the MVN might contribute to the initiation of the compensation process. Material and methods. We compared the number of MVN neurons expressing cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors in rats at 10 h and 2 weeks following UVD, and in sham and anesthetic control animals; we also measured blood corticosterone levels. Results. Using immunocytochemistry and stereology, we found that the majority of MVN neurons expressed glucocorticoid receptors, but there were no significant differences in the number of glucocorticoid receptor-expressing neurons in the ipsilateral or contralateral MVNs at 10 h or 2 weeks post-UVD; furthermore, corticosterone levels did not vary significantly between the UVD and control groups.     

洋川芎内酯A 对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用及机制研究

目的:探讨洋川芎内酯A(SenA)对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠肾脏病变的保护作用。方法:50只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、SenA低剂量(20 mg/kg)组、SenA高剂量(40 mg/kg)组及阳性对照(厄贝沙坦,20 mg/kg)组,行UUO术制备单侧输尿管模型,并于术后21天处死大鼠。根据试剂盒说明书检测血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)的含量,HE染色法观察肾脏病理改变,免疫组化法检测肾组织α-SMA及CollagenⅠ蛋白的表达,Western blotting检测各组大鼠肾皮质Wnt4、β-catenin、p-GSK-3β、E-cadherin的表达水平。结果:与模型组比较,SenA低、高剂量组及阳性对照组大鼠血清中Scr、BUN含量明显降低(P<0.05),肾脏病变情况得到不同程度的改善。同时,SenA可明显减少大鼠肾组织中α-SMA和CollagenⅠ蛋白的分泌(P<0.05),下调Wnt4、β-catenin及p-GSK-3β的表达水平(P<0.05),并伴有E-cadherin蛋白表达显著上调(P<0.01)。结论:SenA可通过下调Wnt4/β-catenin信号通路,抑制肾组织细胞外基质沉积并改善肾功能,最终改善UUO模型大鼠肾间质纤维化的病变进程。     

急性孤立单侧眼内肌麻痹伴颅内病变的抗GQ1b抗体综合征1例并文献复习

目的:探讨表现为孤立眼内肌麻痹的抗GQ1b抗体综合征的临床特点及预后。方法:报道我院收治的急性孤立单侧眼内肌麻痹伴颅内病变的抗GQ1b抗体综合征1例,并进行相关文献复习。结果:40岁中国女性,其临床表现为感染后出现孤立的单侧瞳孔扩张及视力模糊。右侧瞳孔光反射减弱,左侧瞳孔光反射正常;双侧眼球运动不受限制。脑部核磁显示左侧海马和丘脑信号异常,双下肢体感诱发电位中枢传导时间延长。血清抗人神经节苷脂抗体检测显示Ig M抗GQ1b抗体滴度升高。患者经静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗后逐渐康复。搜索既往报道,获得表现为孤立眼内肌麻痹的抗GQ1b抗体综合征的患者7例,其中6例对光反射减弱,5例腱反射减弱,3例出现共济失调,7例均有血清IgG抗GQ1b抗体阳性。7例均完全康复,预后较好。结论:表现为孤立眼内肌麻痹的抗GQ1b抗体综合征很罕见,本病例有助于加深对该类疾病的了解。     

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目的评价改良Millard法修复单侧不完全性唇裂的效果。方法选择2007年10月至2009年10月新疆喀什兵团农三师医院口腔科收治的唇裂患儿127例以改良Millard法进行修复,省略患侧鼻翼基底的水平切口,在患侧唇红部设计小三角瓣向健侧唇红嵌插。结果 127患儿术后人中嵴明显,鼻小柱形态好,红唇外形满意。结论改良Millard法定点明确,操作方便,避免了患侧鼻翼下方横切口,手术创伤小,术中出血少,术后瘢痕组织少,鼻唇畸形同期整复,可使单侧不完全性唇裂达到满意效果,是一种可靠实用的单侧唇裂修复术式。     

Simplified Stereological Evaluation of Renal Morphology after Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

Objective and methods: This study established a simple stereological method to obtain quantitative information about two- or three-dimensional structures based on observations from kidney sections in the unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) model. Results: Tubulointerstitial area(TA) and TA/the area of a rectangular field(RA) were raised gradually, but significantly, in the obstructed kidney from 1 to 3months post-ligation in comparison to the sham kidney of sham-operated rats(SOR). On the contrary, glomerular area(GA) and glomerular volume(GV) were decreased progressively over time, but significantly, in the obstructed kidney from 3weeks to 3months post-ligation compared to the sham kidney of SOR. UUO caused a progressive decline of TA and TA/RA in the contralateral kidney. More specifically, there were significant decreases in TA at 1,2,3months post-ligation, while in TA/RA only at 3months post-ligation in comparison to the right kidney of SOR. In contrast, GA and GV enhanced in a time-dependent manner in the contralateral kidney, in which the difference in GA reached significance only at 3months post-ligation, whereas the difference in GV reached significance from 1 to 3months post-ligation when comparing with the right kidney of SOR. Conclusions: Our results confirmed two typical features of obstructive nephropathy, including widen interstitial space and glomerular atrophy in the obstructed kidney, and compensatory growth of the contralateral kidney.     

Bimanual Skill Learning after Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Brief Report

ABSTRACT

Bimanual skills are important for goal-oriented activities. Children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) have deficits in unimanual and bimanual motor control and learning. The application of non-invasive brain stimulation with existing motor training may further promote motor learning; however, the effects of stimulation on bimanual learning have not been examined. Here, we assessed the performance of a novel bimanual skill (modified Speed Stacks task) in eight children with UCP before, during, and after a combined motor training and brain stimulation intervention. Participants received 10 days (120 min/day) of goal-oriented bimanual therapy combined initially with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS, 20 min/day). Results showed task improvement tapered (p < 0.001) during and after the intervention and task variability decreased in 6/8 participants, indicating the potential impact of novel rehabilitation to improve skill learning in children with UCP. Future work is required to understand how both tDCS and bimanual training contribute to learning bimanual tasks.     

56例经皮单侧椎体成形术手术配合与护理

目的 探讨经皮单侧椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）治疗骨质疏松新鲜胸腰椎压缩性骨折（vertebral compression fracture,VCF）的手术配合方法 。方法 术前做好环境、设备、仪器及特殊材料的充分准备,做好病人的心理护理;正确安置病人的手术体位,56例均采用局麻,俯卧位,手术椎体范围T10-L4;按流程规范操控C型臂X线数字影像系统;严格掌握骨水泥的调配技巧。结果 56例骨质疏松新鲜胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者经皮单侧椎体成形手术均成功,骨水泥无渗漏,分布均匀,超过椎体中线,成功率为100％,无护理相关并发症发生,术后2～48h病人疼痛缓解或消失。结论 经皮单侧椎体成形手术是治疗骨质疏松新鲜胸腰椎压缩性骨折的有效方法 ,术前准备充分,手术人员默契及有条不紊的术中配合是病人安全和手术成功的重要保证,对延长生命、提高生活质量起着重要作用。