建立中医本科临床实践教学质量控制体系的探索与实践

医学生临床实践能力水平的高低是评价医学教育质量的重要指标之一。随着医学院校办学规模不断扩大，提高教学质量显得越来越重要。目前，还没有较为规范的、统一的、成熟的、完整的临床实践教学质量控制体系。如何建立中医本科临床实践教学的质量控制体系，实现规模与质量的协调发展，我院进行了积极的探索与实践。     

护理专业大学生文化敏感性量表的初步编制

目的 研制量表以评估护理专业大学生文化敏感性.方法 在分析借鉴有关国内外文献基础上,形成量表原始项目,通过逻辑分析判断法及进行269例样本的试测,对量表进行修正与检验,最后形成完整量表.结果 量表由文化意识、文化理解、文化互动、教育背景三方面内容组成,共计4l项条目.量表的α系数达到0.849381,因子分析中项目的 因子载荷量在0.398～0.785之间,均大于0.3.结论 本量表具备一定的信效度,可作为大学生文化敏感性的评估工具.     

Evaluating the impact of moving from discipline-based to integrated assessment

BACKGROUND: The move from discipline-based to problem-based learning (PBL) at Adelaide University in 2000 offered exciting opportunities to integrate the teaching and learning of the basic and clinical sciences for medical undergraduates. However, several cohorts of students still needed to progress through the first 3 years of the more traditional curriculum. Paradoxically, their readiness to function in the integrated learning and assessment environment of the last 3 years was assessed in 7 separate discipline-based examinations at the end of third year. When considerable examination-related stress was noted in the 1997 cohort and students petitioned formally for a reduced examination load, it was considered to be time for assessment to lead the way in integrating the disciplines. AIM: After introducing third year integrated written assessments in 1998, we aimed to develop an integrated practical examination (IPE) linking theory to practice, and evaluate its impact on staff and students. METHODS: After extensive staff collaboration, a structured objective multistation IPE was developed and administered in 1999 and 2000. Its utility was evaluated using a model proposed earlier. RESULTS: Assessment validity was maximised by an extensive item review process. Reliability, as measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.79 and 0.80 in 1999 and 2000, respectively. An independent evaluation yielded qualitative data on the examination's educational impact, cost and acceptability. CONCLUSIONS: Investing time in changing from discipline-based to integrated assessment, integrating theory and practice, resulted in gains in assessment reliability, validity and educational impact on both staff and students.     

Information technology in medical education: a nationwide project on the opportunities of the new technology

CONTEXT: The aim of the national "IT Culture in Medical Education" project in Finland is to enhance the opportunities new technology may provide for medical education. The project focuses on attitudes towards information technology (IT) and on its current use among teachers and students. METHOD: This survey was part of a Finnish nationwide project in medical education. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire designed to gather information about IT use in medical education, sent to teachers and students. The questions were 5-point Likert-type. The participants were medical teachers (n=196) and medical students (n=392) at two medical schools. RESULTS: In both universities, it appeared that medical teachers and students had a very positive attitude toward the advances in modern technology. In addition to the favourable attitudes, computer-related technology was also widely applied. Teachers, however, used information technology more in their research work than in teaching. CONCLUSIONS: The results pose challenges to medical education and underline the importance of educational and psychological knowledge in combination with new technical skills.     

理工科大学生心理健康状况调查分析

目的探讨理工科大学生的心理健康水平。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对205名在校大学生进行调查测试。结果①SCL-90测试:与中国常模相比理工科大学生在人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、强迫等项目有显著差异(P<0.05)。②SDS、SAS测定高于40分以上的分别占17.6%和20.5%。结论理工科大学生存在一定的心理问题,主要表现为人际关系敏感、情绪不稳定、焦虑、抑郁、期望过高等。     

护理本科生学习行为与学习方式关系的研究

目的了解护理本科学生的日常学习行为与学习方式的关系，为改善教学效果提供依据。方法选择某护理学院在读本科学生116名，用改良版学习过程问卷（revised two-factor study process questionnaire，R—SPQ-2F）调查学习方式，包括深层学习方式得分和浅层学习方式两个维度。使用自制的问卷调查学生学习行为。结果调查对象深层学习方式得（26．16±6．43）分，浅层学习方式得（30．53±5．67）分。经常阅读学术期刊和医学书籍、与同学间讨论和积极参与课堂活动的学生，深层学习方式得分更高。结论护理本科学生较多以浅层学习方式学习为主。培养良好的阅读习惯，鼓励学生间讨论问题和上课提问、回答问题将促进学生深层次的学习。     

临床医学本科教育与GMER的一致性评价

目的：评价华西临床医学本科教育与中华医学基金会提出的全球医学教育最基本要求(Global MininluIn Enssential Requirement in Mdical Education GMER)的一致性，为临床医学教育改革提供参考。方法：随机抽取华西临床5年制毕业生150人，采取问卷调查法，集中填写编制好的调查问卷。用EPIDATA2．1a建库，数据用SPSS11．5分析处理。结果：在教学内容上学校对GMER7大领域的要求程度由高到低依次为医学科学基础知识，临床技能，沟通技能，职业价值、态度、行为和伦理，批判性思维和研究，信息管理，群体健康和卫生系统。教学方式上以传统的课堂讲授为主，讨论方式最少。结论：华西临床医学本科教学内容基本覆盖了GMER的相关内容，在学校最不重视的相关标准大部分都在选修课里，且教学方式以课堂讲授和自学为主，提示学校应加强这些内容的教学，改进教学方法，以提高学生在这些方面的素养。     

Perception and Practice of Emergency Contraception among Female Undergraduates of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Objective To assess perception and level of proper utilization of emergency contraception （EC） among female undergraduates. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire study was performed on 383 female undergraduates in Nigeria in June 2006. Data analysis was with Z-square test and logistic regressions （P 〈O. 05）. Results One hundred and five （48.2%） had been sexually exposed. Only 32 （30.5%） used regular contraception. Seventy-three （24.3%）female undergraduates were aware of EC. Only 29 （7.6%） had used EC before. Most would not use emergency contraceptive drugs in future due to lack of awareness （64.8%）, and fear for future fertility and of drugs being injurious to health. Use of EC was associated with awareness of correct interval for use （OR=9.1; 95%CI： 2.1-39.9）. Conclusion There is poor knowledge about EC and poor use, while significant need remains. Most knowledge was acquired from peers and inaccurate. Peer educators are important and professionals＇ knowledge needs improvement.     

专业素养培训对本科实习护生临床实践行为及专业承诺的影响

目的探讨专业素养培训对本科实习护生临床实践行为及职业承诺的影响。方法对341名本科实习护生实施专业素养培训,包括岗前职业教育、职业技能培训、双导师负责制、护生管床制、实习大讲堂、护生风采展示。实习结束时采用临床实践行为问卷、护理专业承诺问卷进行调查。结果本科实习护生临床实践行为得分为3.81±0.65,护理专业承诺得分为84.67±13.74,显著高于国内常模(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论专业素养培训有助于培养具有较高临床实践行为水平及稳定专业承诺意向的本科护生。     

护理本科毕业生的心理适应性分析

笔者通过问卷调查、个别访谈的方式，结合实际，对护理本科毕业生在就业压力下的心理适应状况进行了分析。在正确分析就业形势、客观地进行自我评价、培养良好的适应能力、运用恰当的心理调适方法等方面提出了一些建议．为提高护理本科生的心理适应能力提供了参考依据。