Combination of cyst fluid CEA and CA 125 is an accurate diagnostic tool for differentiating mucinous cystic neoplasms from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms

Background/objectivesDespite advances in imaging techniques, diagnosis and management of pancreatic cystic lesions still remains challenging. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of cyst fluid analysis (CEA, CA 19-9, CA 125, amylase, and cytology) in categorizing pancreatic cystic lesions, and in differentiating malignant from benign cystic lesions.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 68 patients with histologically and clinically confirmed cystic lesions was performed. Cyst fluid was obtained by surgical resection (n = 45) or endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) (n = 23). Cyst fluid tumor markers and amylase were measured and compared between the cyst types.ResultsReceiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the tumor markers demonstrated that cyst fluid CEA provided the greatest area under ROC curve (AUC) (0.884) for differentiating mucinous versus non-mucinous cystic lesions. When a CEA cutoff value was set at 67.3 ng/ml, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for diagnosing mucinous cysts were 89.2%, 77.8%, and 84.4%, respectively. The combination of cyst fluid CEA content >67.3 ng/ml and cyst fluid CA 125 content >10.0 U/ml segregated 77.8% (14/18) of mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) from other cyst subtypes. On the other hand, no fluid marker was useful for differentiating malignant versus benign cystic lesions. Although cytology (accuracy 83.3%) more accurately diagnosed malignant cysts than CEA (accuracy 65.6%), it lacked sensitivity (35.3%).ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that cyst fluid CEA can be a helpful marker in differentiating mucinous from non-mucinous, but not malignant from benign cystic lesions. A combined CEA and CA 125 approach may help segregate MCNs from IPMNs.     

Role of endoscopic ultrasound in pediatric patients: A single tertiary center experience and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Although endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) is now widely available and has an established role in adults, the utility of EUS and EUS-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA) in pediatrics is insufficiently described compared to adults and is supported by only a few studies.AIM To report the experience of a single tertiary center in the use of EUS and EUS-FNA in a pediatric population and to further assess its safety, feasibility, and clinical impact on management.METHODS A retrospective study of 13 children(aged 18 years or younger) identified from our medical database was conducted. A retrospective review of demographic data, procedure indications, EUS findings, and the clinical impact of EUS on the subsequent management of these patients was performed.RESULTS During the 4-year study period, a total of 13(1.7%) pediatric EUS examinations out of 749 EUS procedures were performed in our unit. The mean age of these 8 females and 5 males was 15.6 years(range: 6-18). Six of the 13 EUS examinations were pancreatobiliary(46.1%), followed by mediastinal 2/13(15.4%), peri-gastric 2/13(15.4%), abdominal lymphadenopathy 1/13(7.7%), tracheal 1/13(7.7%) and rectal 1/13(7.7%). Overall, EUS-FNA was performed in 7 patients(53.8%) with a diagnostic yield of 100%. The EUS results had a significant impact on clinical care in 10/13(77%) cases. No complications occurred in these patients during or after any of the procedures.CONCLUSION EUS and EUS-FNA in the pediatric population are safe, feasible, and have a significant clinical impact on the subsequent management; thus avoiding invasive and unnecessary procedures.     

高频超声引导下硬膜外分娩镇痛的研究

目的评估高频超声引导下硬膜外穿刺分娩镇痛的可行性。方法选择80例拟行硬膜外穿刺的患者,为分娩的初产妇,妊娠足月,年龄20~35岁。随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各40例。对照组采用常规方法进行定位穿刺,观察组采用超声引导穿刺硬膜外麻醉。穿刺成功后,观察两组穿刺麻醉后镇痛效果、麻醉药物使用量等指标,并进行比较。结果 80例硬膜外穿刺患者均穿刺成功。观察组较对照组减少麻醉药用量;观察组麻醉有效率为97.5%,对照组为92.5%;观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经高频超声引导下硬膜外麻醉穿刺成功率高,减少麻醉药用量,安全性好,是有一定的临床应用价值的方法。     

Malignant gastric outlet obstruction: Which is the best therapeutic option?

Malignant gastric outlet obstruction(MGOO) is a clinical condition characterized by the mechanical obstruction of the pylorus or the duodenum due to tumor compression/infiltration, with consequent reduction or impossibility of an adequate oral intake. MGOO is mainly secondary to advanced pancreatic or gastric cancers, and significantly impacts on patients' survival and quality of life.Patients suffering from this condition often present with intractable vomiting and severe malnutrition, which further compromise therapeutic chances. Currently,palliative strategies are based primarily on surgical gastrojejunostomy and endoscopic enteral stenting with self-expanding metal stents. Several studies have shown that surgical approach has the advantage of a more durable relief of symptoms and the need of fewer re-interventions, at the cost of higher procedure-related risks and longer hospital stay. On the other hand, enteral stenting provides rapid clinical improvement, but have the limit of higher stent dysfunction rate due to tumor ingrowth and a subsequent need of frequent reinterventions. Recently, a third way has come from interventional endoscopic ultrasound, through the development of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy technique with lumen-apposing metal stent. This new technique may ideally encompass the minimal invasiveness of an endoscopic procedure and the long-lasting effect of the surgical gastrojejunostomy, and brought encouraging results so far, even if prospective comparative trial are still lacking. In this Review, we described technical aspects and clinical outcomes of the above-cited therapeutic approaches, and discussed the open questions about the current management of MGOO.     

Clinical utility of treatment method conversion during single-session endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage

BACKGROUND Although several techniques for endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage(EUS-BD)are available at present,an optimal treatment algorithm of EUS-BD has not yet been established.AIM To evaluate the clinical utility of treatment method conversion during single endoscopic sessions for difficult cases in initially planned EUS-BD.METHODS This was a single-center retrospective analysis using a prospectively accumulated database.Patients with biliary obstruction undergoing EUS-BD between May 2008 and April 2016 were included.The primary outcome was to evaluate the improvement in EUS-BD success rates by converting the treatment methods during a single endoscopic session.Secondary outcomes were clarification of the factors leading to the conversion from the initial EUS-BD and the assessment of efficacy and safety of the conversion as judged by technical success,clinical success,and adverse events(AEs).RESULTS A total of 208 patients underwent EUS-BD during the study period.For 18.8%(39/208)of the patients,the treatment methods were converted to another EUSBD technique from the initial plan.Biliary obstruction was caused by pancreatobiliary malignancies,other malignant lesions,biliary stones,and other benign lesions in 22,11,4,and 2 patients,respectively.The reasons for the difficulty with the initial EUS-BD were classified into the following 3 procedures:Target puncture(n=13),guidewire manipulation(n=18),and puncture tract dilation(n=8).Technical success was achieved in 97.4%(38/39)of the cases and clinical success was achieved in 89.5%of patients(34/38).AEs occurred in 10.3%of patients,including bile leakage(n=2),bleeding(n=1),and cholecystitis(n=1).The puncture target and drainage technique were altered in subsequent EUSBD procedures in 25 and 14 patients,respectively.The final technical success rate with 95%CI for all 208 cases was 97.1%(95%CI:93.8%-98.9%),while that of the initially planned EUS-BD was 78.8%(95%CI:72.6%-84.2%).CONCLUSION Among multi-step procedures in EUS-BD,guidewire manipulation appeared to be the most technically challenging.When initially planned EUS-BD is technically difficult,treatment method conversion in a single endoscopic session may result in successful EUS-BD without leading to severe AEs.     

超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗黏膜下子宫肌瘤的有效性和安全性

 目的 探讨超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗黏膜下子宫肌瘤的有效性和安全性。方法 回顾性分析2016-03至2017-11收治的78例有症状的黏膜下子宫肌瘤,计算子宫肌瘤的完全消融率并评价治疗结果,比较术后3个月子宫肌瘤体积、血红蛋白(Hb)定量及子宫肌瘤症状及健康相关生活质量问卷(UFS-QOL)评分。观察和记录治疗过程中及治疗后随访期间患者出现的各种不良反应及并发症。结果 射频消融后3、6、9、12个月病灶体积缩小率分别为65.3%、75.6%、81.5%和91.6%。治疗3个月后,体积减少(35.1±9.7)cm³,血红蛋白增加(31.9±44.05 )g/L,UFS-QOL评分中SSS评分减少(24.7±13.2),HRQL评分增加(17.3±18.65),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。术后3 d检查未发现严重并发症。结论 超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗黏膜下子宫肌瘤是一种安全有效的治疗方法,适合对子宫保留有需求的患者。     

超声引导PTCD在急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎的应用价值

目的探讨急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎的治疗方法,床旁急诊超声引导经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage,PTCD)在该病中的应用价值。方法收集2011年5月至201 5年6月海南省农垦总医院63例急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎病人的临床资料,回顾分析床旁急诊超声引导PTCD的治疗效果。结果超声引导PTCD成功率为100%;引流量为250~830 ml/d,平均为(530±68)ml/d;引流后血常规及肝功能检查结果显示,与术前比较,白细胞计数(WBC)、血清总胆红素(TBIL)、血清直接胆红素(DBIL)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)指标显著下降,血小板计数(BPC)上升,体温正常,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。症状改善58例(92%),死亡5例(8%),无引流管脱落,无腹腔内出血、胆道出血、气胸、胆漏等并发症发生。结论床旁急诊超声引导PTCD,能快速有效引流,操作方便、简单,创伤小,并发症少,安全性高,能为解除病因手术安全性创造条件。     

超声引导颌神经阻滞在正颌手术中的应用现状与研究进展

随着社会经济的进步,麻醉学、外科学以及特殊手术器械的运用,牙颌面畸形的外科矫治取得了快速发展。正颌手术是改善错畸形最有效的方式,但是因其创伤大且颌面部神经丰富,患者术后常伴有剧烈疼痛。疼痛可导致患者一系列生理和心理的变化,影响早期康复和功能锻炼。正颌手术术后多合并术区肿胀和张口受限,阿片类药物的镇痛方案并不适宜于该类患者,在充分镇痛的基础上,需尽量避免恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制等并发症的发生。超声引导颌神经阻滞技术不仅有满意的镇痛效果、术中出血少、促进术后早期功能锻炼,还具有阻滞精确、操作简便、安全性高等优点。该文对常见的正颌手术类型、颌神经的走行及支配、传统颌神经阻滞与超声引导颌神经阻滞、颌神经阻滞的临床效果、超声引导颌神经阻滞的研究和操作方法等作一综述,以期为超声引导颌神经阻滞在正颌手术中的应用提供参考。牙合     

超声引导下穿刺联合亮丙瑞林治疗中重度卵巢型子宫内膜异位症患者术后妊娠结局的影响因素分析

目的 研究超声引导下穿刺联合亮丙瑞林促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist,GnRHa） 治疗中重度卵巢型子宫内膜异位症患者术后妊娠结局的影响因素。 方法 选取我院收治的重度卵巢型子宫内膜异位患者120例为研究对象。所有患者均进行超声引导下穿刺术,亮丙瑞林组62例术后加用亮丙瑞林进行治疗。对患者进行随访,记录患者的妊娠率。对患者妊娠成功与妊娠失败患者的年龄、不孕年限、囊肿直径、囊肿单/多发性、生育指数（fertility index ,EFI）和术前CA125、血清抗苗勒管激素（serum anti-müllerian hormone ,AMH）水平、双侧/单侧卵巢受累等指标进行记录。 结果 随访结束,所有患者均到访,随访率100%。亮丙瑞林组妊娠率高于非亮丙瑞林组（P＜0.05）。亮丙瑞林组的复发率低于非亮丙瑞林组（P＜0.05）。二元Logistic回归分析显示,术后GnRHa的使用、术前AMH水平、双侧卵巢受累及存在多个囊腔是影响患者妊娠成功的独立影响因素（P＜0.05）。 结论 超声引导下穿刺联合亮丙瑞林治疗中重度卵巢效果显著,患者术后GnRHa的使用、术前AMH水平、双侧卵巢受累及存在多个囊腔是影响患者术后妊娠成功的影响因素。     

右美托咪定或咪达唑仑复合羟考酮用于经支气管镜超声引导针吸活检术的麻醉效果比较

目的比较右美托咪定或咪达唑仑复合羟考酮用于经支气管镜超声引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)的镇静镇痛效果,以及对循环和呼吸功能的影响。方法选择纵隔淋巴结肿大择期行EBUS-TBNA患者60例,男33例,女27例,年龄18~65岁,BMI 18~24 kg/m^2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为右美托咪定组(D组)和咪达唑仑组(M组),每组30例。入组患者均接受利多卡因口、鼻、咽部和环甲膜穿刺表面麻醉,D组于10 min内静脉泵注右美托咪定,负荷剂量为0.8μg/kg,继而以0.6μg·kg^-1·h^-1的速率维持泵入;M组以2 mg/min的速度静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05mg/kg。随后两组均静脉注射羟考酮0.08mg/kg。记录给药前(T0)、手术开始时(T1)、手术开始后5 min(T2)、10 min(T3)、15 min(T4)和术毕(T5)时的HR、SBP、DBP、SpO2,记录T1时Ramsay镇静评分、咳嗽评分,术毕时医师满意度和术后2 h患者满意度等指标。结果 T1时M组SpO2低于D组,但两组差异无统计学意义。T5时D组SBP明显低于M组(P<0.05)。与M组比较,D组Ramsay镇静评分、咳嗽评分明显降低(P<0.05),患者满意度中术中不适种类个数明显减少(P<0.05),愿意接受复查评分明显降低(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合羟考酮用于EBUS-TBNA手术,患者咳嗽少,镇静适度,呼吸和循环更稳定,咪达唑仑复合羟考酮术后患者愿意接受复查的程度更高。