慢性束缚应激致大鼠持续性高血糖症与孤束核损伤有关

目的 探讨孤束核联合亚核前部（acNTS）损伤在慢性束缚应激（CRS）所致的胰岛素抵抗性高血糖症发生中的作用。 方法 采用CRS大鼠模型（n=20;7 d束缚+3 d自由活动，共40 d），检测葡萄糖代谢相关指标。 结果 CRS导致约1/3的个体（n=7）持续性的中度胰岛素抵抗性高血糖（空腹血糖不超过11 mmol/L）。CRS高血糖鼠acNTS可观察到神经元染色浓缩，Caspase-3表达和TUNEL阳性染色，提示出现神经元凋亡样改变。机械损伤acNTS（n=6），空腹血糖水平逐渐升高，也能导致胰岛素抵抗性高血糖, 且高胰岛素血症、胰岛平均体积增大和血清皮质酮水平不变等特点与CRS小鼠一致。 结论 CRS损伤了acNTS的葡萄糖敏感神经元，从而使血糖调节紊乱。     

外周神经损伤大鼠背根神经节中Ephrin B1及RYK 受体表达的变化

目的研究外周神经损伤后背根神经节细胞中Ephrin B1及其相关受体的表达变化。方法建立一侧坐骨神经夹伤的大鼠动物模型,通过免疫荧光组织化学方法检测受损侧背根神经节细胞中Ephrin B1及其相关受体Eph B1、Eph B2、Eph B3和Eph A4、RYK等的表达,并分析阳性细胞数和不同大小阳性细胞的构成比例。结果外周坐骨神经受损侧背根神经节细胞中Ephrin B1的表达明显减弱,而Eph B1、Eph B2、Eph B3和Eph A4受体的表达无明显变化,但RYK受体的表达则明显加强。结论Ephrin B1和RYK受体在一侧外周坐骨神经夹伤后的大鼠背根神经节细胞中表达的变化,说明它很有可能参与了损伤后的功能活动。     

人工组织神经移植物对大鼠陈旧性坐骨神经缺损(60天)的修复作用

目的 观察人工组织神经移植物对陈旧性大鼠坐骨神经缺损的修复作用.方法 切除成年SD大鼠部分左侧坐骨神经,饲养60d形成陈旧性坐骨神经缺损后,以人工组织神经移植物修复缺损,同时设自体神经修复和不修复两对照组.修复术后3个月做神经-肌复合电位、腓肠肌湿重及再生神经形态学检测.结果 人工组织神经移植物修复组实验侧的运动神经传导速度、腓肠肌湿重、移植物远侧再生神经有髓神经纤维髓鞘厚度等结果与自体神经修复组相似.不修复对照组则未记录到神经-肌复合电位,未观察到再生神经纤维结构,腓肠肌湿重明显小于人工组织神经移植组和自体神经移植组.结论 人工组织神经移植物在一定程度上能修复缺损60d的大鼠坐骨神经.     

Model for Intravital Microscopic Evaluation of the Effects of Arterial Occlusion-caused Ischemia in Bone

An in vivo model has been developed for chronic observation of the effects of ischemia on cortical bone remodeling and perfused vascularity. Diaphragm occluders were implanted around the right common iliac artery of four rabbits and inflated to produce 10 h of ischemia to the limb. Microcirculation was monitored with intravital microscopy of injected fluorescent microspheres and FITC-Dextran 70 through a bone window, the tibial bone chamber implant (BCI). Bone resorption and apposition in the BCI were indicated with mineralization dyes. Between 2 and 12 h following release of the occluder, secondary ischemia/no-reflow and other evidence of reperfusion injury were observed. Vessel damage was suggested by abnormally high leakage of FITC-D70 from the few vessels perfused during secondary ischemia. In the weeks following occluder release perfused vasculature increased beyond pre-occlusion levels. Net bone resorption reached a maximum when vascularity passed normal levels. In order to further validate the arterial occlusion model for osteonecrosis, techniques for (1) confirming bone death and (2) detecting increased leukocyte adherence to endothelial cells were added. The dead cell stain Ethidium homodimer-1 was used to tag dead osteocytes immediately after occlusion and produced a measure designated osteonecrosis index. To detect leukocytes adhering to vessel walls, carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester was injected at occluder release. An increase in the number of adherent leukocytes was detected. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC99: 8764Rr, 8717-d, 8719Tt     

In Situ Thermal Denaturation of Proteins in Dunning AT-1 Prostate Cancer Cells: Implication for Hyperthermic Cell Injury

The in situ thermal protein denaturation and its correlation with direct hyperthermic cell injury in Dunning AT-1 prostate tumor cells were investigated in this study. The in situ thermal protein denaturation was studied using both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The FTIR spectra at different temperatures show changes in protein secondary structure (from alpha helix to extended beta sheet) during in situ thermal protein denaturation within AT-1 cells. Calorimetric studies using DSC show that endothermic heat release is associated with the in situ thermal protein denaturation. Furthermore, both the secondary structure changes detected by FTIR and the calorimetric changes detected by DSC were quantified and the kinetics of the overall in situ thermal protein denaturation was derived under different heating conditions. The onset temperature where the overall in situ thermal protein denaturation is first detectable was found to be scanning rate dependent (approximately 41 degrees C at 2 degrees C min(-1) and approximately 44 degrees C at 5 degrees C min(-1)). The kinetics of the overall in situ thermal protein denaturation was derived from both DSC and FTIR measurements and was fit using kinetic and statistical models. The kinetic data determined by FTIR and DSC under the same heating conditions match well with each other. The activation energy of the overall in situ thermal protein denaturation is found to be strongly dependent on the temperature range considered (the activation energy ranges from approximately 110 kJ mol(-1) between 44 and 90 degrees C to approximately 750 kJ mol(-1) between 44 and 50 degrees C). However, its dependence on heating rate is negligible. Several denaturation peaks, including a dominant one between approximately 62 and 65 degrees C, are identifiable from both the DSC and the FTIR results. To investigate directly the relationship between thermally induced cell injury and the in situ thermal protein denaturation, both acute (propidium iodide dye exclusion, assessed 3-h postthermal treatment) and chronic (clonogenics, assessed 7-day postthermal treatment) cell injury were quantified using AT-1 cells prepared under the same conditions as for the DSC protein studies. Comparisons of the results from the cell injury studies and the DSC protein denaturation studies show that the overall in situ thermal protein denaturation correlates well with both the acute and the chronic cell injury, which suggests that overall in situ thermal protein denaturation is an important mechanism of direct hyperthermic cell injury in AT-1 cells at the macromolecular level.     

硫酸软骨素酶ABC对大鼠脊髓损伤修复的影响

为了探讨硫酸软骨素酶ABC对脊髓损伤后损伤局部瘢痕形成和脊髓传导功能修复的影响,本研究首先制作大鼠脊髓全横断损伤动物模型,并将其分为脊髓损伤组(A组)和脊髓损伤治疗组(B组)。在观察期内对动物的行为学表现进行BBB评分;用免疫荧光组织化学方法观察损伤4周后硫酸软骨素酶ABC对损伤局部的硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖(CSPGs)的裂解作用;用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)示踪法观察损伤8周后神经纤维的再生情况。结果显示:A组与B组之间动物的行为学评分B组优于A组,有显著性差异(P<0.01);B组动物脊髓内硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖阳性物质的表达明显低于A组,具有显著性差异(P<0.05),而硫酸软骨素核心蛋白的表达无显著性差异(P>0.05);HRP示踪法显示B组脊髓损伤头端可见少量HRP标记的神经元胞体和纤维。本研究结果提示硫酸软骨素酶ABC能够裂解CSPGs中的葡胺聚糖链,减少瘢痕,促进损伤的神经纤维再生。     

银杏叶提取物对在体缺血保存再灌注后肺组织ICAM-1和P-选择素基因mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨银杏叶提取物对在体缺血冷藏再灌注后肺组织ICAM-1和P选择素基因mRNA表达的影响。方法 新西兰白兔30只。随机分为3组：对照组、LPD组和GBE组．建立兔在体缺血冷藏再灌注模型，对照组左肺不灌注肺保护液，阻断左肺门后直接将左肺下叶载体冷藏于10℃肺保存器内2h，再灌注2h；LPD组左肺门阻断后经肺动脉灌注LPD液，余同对照组；GBE组灌注液为合银杏叶提取物（Ginkgo Biloba Extract，GBE）的LPD液，余同LPD组。分别于左肺门阻断前、缺血2h、再灌注2h取左肺组织，RTPCR技术检测P-选择素和ICAM-1基因mRNA的表达；免疫纽化技术检测P-选择素和ICAM-1基因蛋白质产物量。结果 三组在缺血前及缺血2h再灌注前P—selectin基因mRNA表达量及其蛋白质产物免疫组化评分组间均未有显著性差异。再灌注2h后，GBE组P—selectin基因mRNA表达量厦其蛋白质产物免疫组化评分显著低于LPD组和对照组。，缺血前，所有三组ICAM—1基因mRNA表达量均未有显著性差异，在缺血2h后再难注前及再灌注2h后，ICAM—1基因mRNA表达量及其蛋白质产物免疫组化评分在GBE组均显著低于对照组和LPD组。结论 银杏叶提取物可抑制P—selectin和ICAM—1基因mRNA的表达上调，使肺组织P—selectin和细胞间粘附分子-1蛋白产物减少，从而减轻保存肺的缺血再灌注损伤。银杏叶提取物作为肺保护液添加剂，在进一步研究后可以试用于临床肺移植，为中药提取物的开发应用展示了光明的前景。     

NGF在成年猴脑的分布

为了解NGF在成年猴脑的分布,采用免疫组化SP法对成年猴脑多个冠状位切片进行免疫组化反应。结果证明,NGF阳性反应神经元主要分布于大脑皮质Ⅲ、V层,小脑Purkinje细胞,海马,齿状回,纹状体,脑干网状结构等处。此外,在黑质、舌下神经核、迷走神经背核、前庭神经核、三叉神经核、疑核、下橄榄核也出现NGF阳性反应。在大脑和脑干还观察到NGF阳性胶质细胞。本实验结果表明,在成年猴脑的多个脑区有NGF表达,提示NGF可能涉及猴脑某些神经元及胶质细胞的生理过程。     

PET脑显像及其他显像技术在放射性脑损伤诊断的对比性研究

目的 探讨^18F－脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）正电子发射型计算机断层显影（PET）脑显像和其他医学影像方法对早期诊断放射性脑损伤的价值，以达到预防、减少脑放射损伤的目的。方法 静脉注射^18F-FDG后行脑显像，获得横断面、冠状面、矢状面断层显像。所有病人均进行CT检查。结果 20例正常人脑PET显像图像可见大脑皮质各叶、基底神经节、丘脑及小脑放射性分布均匀对称。12例完成头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗后有临床症状者均检出不同程度局灶性脑组织葡萄糖代谢下降，显像阳性率100％；其中10例鼻咽癌放疗后PET结果提示放射脑损伤病灶共23处，最常见于颞叶病灶13处、脑干4处、小脑4处以及顶叶2处。2例脑胶质细胞瘤放疗病人，PET结果提示病灶：顶叶2处、颞叶1处、枕叶1处。12例放疗后病人CT检查仅10例提示放射性脑损伤。结论 PET脑显像能准确、早期诊断脑放射损伤，是头颈部恶性肿瘤肿瘤放疗后的非常重要的监测手段。