湿润烧伤膏配合邮票状植皮治疗眼镜蛇咬伤坏死 11 例应用体会

目的：观察湿润烧伤膏配合邮票状植皮在眼镜蛇咬伤坏死中的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析本院2010年5月-2013年7月期间,采用湿润烧伤膏配合邮票状植皮治疗眼镜蛇咬伤坏死11例。结果：湿润烧伤膏能控制蛇伤创面感染,改善创面血液及淋巴循环,促进创面肉芽组织和上皮再生,配合邮票状植皮治疗眼镜蛇咬伤坏死,可促进愈合,改善患肢功能,缩短痊愈时间等。结论：湿润烧伤膏配合邮票状植皮在眼镜蛇咬伤坏死中有显著疗效,应用方便。     

自制蛇伤中药对蝮蛇咬伤患者凝血功能的影响

目的:观察蝮蛇咬伤患者凝血功能的变化情况和自制中药(外用蛇肿散及内服蛇毒消)对其的影响。方法:把93例蝮蛇咬伤患者,随机分为两个组,治疗组47例,对照组46例,均给予常规治疗,治疗组加服中药蛇毒消,均以7天为1个疗程。分别于治疗前及治疗后1天、3天、7天抽血观察并比较两组患者凝血功能指标(PT、TT、APTT、FIB、DD、PLT)的变化情况。结果:入院治疗前和治疗1天后两组凝血功能变化无明显差异性;治疗3天后,两组FIB、TT比较具有明显差异性(分别为P0.05,P0.05),其他指标两组比较无明显差异性;治疗7天后,两组指标FIB、TT比较具有明显差异性(分别为P0.01,P0.05),其他指标两组比较无明显差异性。结论:蝮蛇咬伤患者的凝血功能指标FIB、TT变化明显,中药能明显减轻蝮蛇咬伤患者凝血功能异常。     

Severe envenomation with convulsion following multiple bites by a common brown snake, Pseudonaja textilis

Abstract A case report of envenomation by a common brown snake, Pseudonaja textilis , in a 3.3 year old boy is presented. He suffered a brief grand mal convulsion 10 min after the bite which was shortly after removal of a compression bandage. A severe coagulopathy of the defibrination type required administration of five ampoules of brown snake monovalent antivenom (CSL). The association of envenomation by snakes and convulsions is discussed, as is the management of severe defibrination due to envenomation.     

Snakebite nephropathy

There is a broad clinical spectrum of renal involvement in snakebite. Besides the local and systemic symptoms, clinical renal manifestations vary from mild proteinuria, haematuria, pigmenturia to acute renal failure. Bites by haemotoxic snakes and myotoxic snakes are the common causes of renal involvement especially acute renal failure. Therefore, renal failure is often associated with haemorrhagic diathesis, intravascular haemolysis and rhabdomyolysis. Renal pathological changes include mesangiolysis, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis and cortical necrosis. Tubular necrosis is an important pathological counterpart of acute renal failure. Haemodynamic alterations induced by cytokines and vasoactive mediators leading to renal ischaemia are important in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure. Haemolysis, intravascular coagulation and rhabdomyolysis are important contributing factors. Direct nephrotoxicity can be induced by the venom through metalloproteases and phosphilipase A2. Immunologic mechanism plays a minor role in the pathogenesis of the renal lesion.     

Epidemiology and outcome of acute kidney injury due to venomous animals from a subtropical region of India

Aim: To study the epidemiology and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by venomous animals.

Methods: A retrospective study of patients admitted at Indira Gandhi Medical College Hospital, Shimla, with AKI due to venomous animals over a period of 15 years (January 2003–December 2017). Medical records were evaluated for patient information on demographic factors, clinical characteristics, complications, and outcome. Outcomes of requirement for intensive care unit (ICU) support, treatment with dialysis, survival, and mortality were analyzed. The survival and non-survival groups were compared to see the difference in the demographic factors, laboratory results, clinical characteristics, and complications.

Results: One hundred and eighty-one patients were diagnosed with AKI caused by venomous creatures. Mean age was 44?±?15.4 years, and the majority (54.1%) was women. Snakebite (77.9%) and wasp stings (19.9%) were the leading causes of AKI. Clinical details were available in 148 patients. The median duration of arrival at hospital was two days. 81.8% had oliguria, and 54.7% had a history of hematuria or having passed red or brown colored urine. The hematological and biochemical laboratory abnormalities were as follows: anemia (75%), leukocytosis (75.7%), hyperkalemia (35.8%), severe metabolic acidosis (46.6%), hepatic dysfunction (54.7%), hemolysis (85.8%), and rhabdomyolysis (65.5%). Main complications were as follows: gastrointestinal bleed (9.5%), seizure/encephalopathy (10.8%), and pneumonia/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (11.5%). 82.3% of the patients required dialysis. 154 (85.1%) patient survived, and 27 (14.9%) patients died. As compared to the survival group, the white blood cell count, serum bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly higher, and serum albumin levels were significantly lower in patients who died. The proportion of patients with leukocytosis, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, pneumonia/ARDS, seizure/encephalopathy, need for ICU support, and dialysis was significantly higher in patients who died.

Conclusions: Snakebite and multiple Hymenoptera stings (bees and wasps) were the leading causes of AKI due to venomous animals. AKI was severe, a high proportion required dialysis, and the mortality was high.     

不同护理干预方法对蝮蛇咬伤肢体肿痛的疗效比较

目的 比较中西医护理干预对蝮蛇咬伤患者肢体肿痛的效果。方法 将2015年6月至2016年8月收治的96例蝮蛇咬伤所致肢体肿痛的患者随机分为对照组和干预组各48例,分别采取常规护理和中西医结合护理干预,分别于干预的第3天及第7天评价患肢的周径及予患者疼痛评分,同时统计患肢肿胀消退总时间及不良反应发生率。结果 采用中西医结合护理干预的患者在第3天及第7天患肢周径、疼痛评分、患肢肿胀消退总时间及不良反应发生率均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 在蝮蛇咬伤患者救治中,采用中西医结合护理干预能够有效的缓解患者肢体肿痛及降低不良反应的发生,是一种切实可行的护理手段。