股骨干骨折扩髓腔髓内钉固定对凝血机能和肺换气功能的影响

【目的】探讨股骨干骨折扩髓与不扩髓髓内钉固定对凝血机能和肺换气功能的影响。【方法】 38例股骨干骨折分别采用扩髓 (RFN)和不扩髓 (UFN)髓内钉固定 ,在手术开始前至术后 4 8h内 7个不同时间段监测血小板、纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间 (PT)和部分凝血活酶激活时间 (APTT)的变化 ,并动脉血气分析 ,计算肺泡 动脉血氧分压递差 [P(A aDO2 ) ]。【结果】RFN组 ,扩髓后血小板开始减少 ,P(A aDO2 )升高 (P<0 0 5 ) ;髓钉插入后 30min纤维蛋白原减少 ,PT、APTT延长 (P <0 0 5 ) ;UFN组表现出同样的趋势 ;两组中各项指标均在 2 4～ 4 8h内恢复正常 ;动脉血气分析各时间段和组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。【结论】扩大髓腔的髓内钉固定 ,和不扩髓相比 ,并不影响肺换气功能 ,对凝血机能的影响是一个自限过程 ,单纯股骨干骨折 ,可耐受扩髓固定手术。     

Bone mineral density of the proximal tibia following uncemented arthroplasty

Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) was measured using dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) in selected areas of the proximal tibia following uncemented PCA knee prosthesis. In nine patients with 14 alloplastic operations, measurements were taken at 3-6-month intervals for the first 3 1/2 years after operation. There was a significant increase in BMD of about 15% during the first 6 months after operation. The following year it remained increased, although not significantly, compared with the initial values, then gradually diminished. Increased bone density after arthroplasty may be explained mainly by stimulation of bone formation from weight bearing due to improved walking ability. Stress shielding of the proximal part of the supporting tibial bone did not seem to occur.     

可膨胀自锁髓内钉治疗四肢长干骨骨折29例

目的 介绍可膨脓髓内钉在治疗四肢长骨骨折中的应用体会。方法 自2004年11月～2006年2月，采用可膨胀髓内钉治疗了四肢长千骨骨折29例。结果 肱骨骨折的平均手术时间为50min；胫骨骨折的平均手术时间为45min；股骨骨折的平均手术时间为76min。术后骨折平均临床愈合时间肱骨为13周，胫骨为10．5周，股骨为10周。在肱骨骨折的病人中有2例发生骨折延迟愈合。所有病人均未发现术中及术后并发症。结论 可膨胀髓内钉因其能够顺应髓腔的结构膨胀，在髓腔内壁产生均匀的压力，起到良好的固定作用，而且能够节省扩髓和锁钉等步骤，明显减少创伤及术中X线透视和手术时间。是一种操作简单、创伤小的新型髓内钉。     

复合人工骨修复犬股骨头缺损坏死中再血管化与钙含量的关系

[目的]观察骨形成蛋白(bone morphogenetic protein,BMP)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibro-blast growth factor,bFGF)与异体脱抗原松质骨(allogeneic antigen-extracted cancellous bone,AACB)复合后修复股骨头坏死(femoral head necrosis,FHN)病灶清除区缺损,评价bFGF对FHN的再血管化作用及其与钙含量的关系。[方法]取18只杂种犬共36侧股骨头,建立液氮冷冻诱导性犬股骨头缺损坏死模型,随机分为A、B、C3组,每组12侧。A组为空白对照,B组植入AACB/BMP,C组植入AACB/BMP/bFGF。每个股骨头内植入AACB约0.33g,BMP约12.5mg,bFGF约2000U。术后3、6和12周分批处死动物,每组每次处死2只。行组织学观察,免疫组织化学染色,进行血管计数和血管面积图像分析、钙含量测定、并分析再血管化作用与钙含量间的关系。[结果]组织学观察,12周时A组以纤维结缔组织为主,B组多量新生骨组织形成,密度不均,C组股骨头骨缺损完全修复。血管计数和血管面积,C组术后3周移植物孔隙内大量血管增生,6和12周时血管数量和血管面积进一步增加,各时间点都大于A、B组,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。钙含量,C组术后3周钙含量小于B组,12周时大于B组(P<0.05)。再血管化作用与钙含量的关系,C组与B组比较,术后3周时再血管化与钙含量呈负相关,12周时呈正相关。[结论]AACB是生长因子的良好吸附载体,适宜新生血管长入。吸附有bFGF及BMP的AACB具有较强的再血管化能力,bFGF促进植骨材料吸收,加速新骨形成。这一疗法有望成为FHN治疗的一种手段。     

Slipped upper femoral epiphysis with hemophilia A

A 13-year-old boy who had hemophilia A was reported with pain in the left thigh and hip on walking. He had no history of trauma. Severe hemophilia A is diagnosed with a Factor VIII level of <1 iu/dl. The presumptive diagnosis was that of a spontaneous bleed into the hip joint. Factor VIII mutational analysis revealed a C to G substitution at nucleotide 6683 which results in a cystine change at codon 2194. However, the symptoms persisted and an X-ray demonstrated the presence of an acute on chronic slip of the upper femoral epiphysis. The patient was transferred to the center treating his hemophilia where the hip was pinned in situ under cover with Factor VIII. This case demonstrates the need to be aware of a possible traumatic diagnosis of hip pain in a hemophiliac child with a longstanding history of spontaneous bleeding into joints.     

小切口动力髋螺钉治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折

[目的]探讨应用小切口动力髋螺钉(DHS)微创固定治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的方法及临床效果.[方法]回顾性分析2001年8月～2006年1月应用闭合复位、小切口DHS固定治疗37例高龄股骨转子间骨折患者,其中男15例,女22例;年龄72～92岁,平均81.5岁.在C型臂X线机监视下,先将1～2枚克氏针经皮通过大转子打入股骨头上部.另将1枚导针按135°颈干角打入股骨头中央,在导针下做一长约4～5.5 cm纵切口,经导针拧入粗拉力螺纹钉.拔出导针将带套管接骨板沿肌层下插入,并将接骨板的套管套入螺纹钉的尾端.[结果]手术时间40～75 min,平均60 min.术中平均出血55 ml.术后与术前血红蛋白值比较无明显变化.37例均获11～18个月随访,骨折愈合时间10～15周.轻度髋内翻2例,无切口感染、内固定失效及旋转畸形.按董纪元疗效评定标准,优良率94.6%.[结论]小切口DHS微创技术具有手术时间短、出血少、创伤小、并发症少、康复快的特点,是治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折较理想的方法.     

计算机导航在骨科手术中的应用

目的将计算机导航技术应用于骨科手术,并对其进行初步分析。方法2004年2～12月,计算机导航系统辅助下共行134枚椎弓根螺钉固定,51枚股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定,58枚交锁髓内钉远端交锁螺钉固定。结果所有病例全部在导航下完成手术,术中明显减少C型臂X线机透视次数,未发生血管和神经损伤并发症。结论计算机导航手术安全有效,更有利于微创手术的开展。     

内固定和人工关节置换治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的临床疗效观察

目的比较人工关节置换术与AO加压空心螺钉术治疗老年人有移位股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法将1995年5月～2004年11月我院收治的78例年龄在65周岁以上的有移位的新鲜股骨颈骨折患者进行回顾性研究，将病例分为A、B两组，A组为人工关节置换组，B组为AO加压空心螺钉治疗组。AO加压空心螺钉治疗组（内固定组）随访12～91个月，平均41．7个月，随访人工关节置换组12～96个月，平均40．3个月。结果按Harris评分标准，A组术后优良率达到82．9％；B组内固定组优良率57．1％。术后远期并发症的发生率A组为19．5％；B组为42．9％。结论人工关节置换术和A0加压空心螺钉均是治疗老年股骨颈骨折的有效方法，但人工关节置换术可提高老年人的生活质量，减低术后并发症的发生率，所以人工关节置换的效果优于AO加压空心螺钉。     

Scintigraphic validation of AC Biosusceptometry to study the gastric motor activity and the intragastric distribution of food in humans

Abnormal intragastric distribution of food (IDF) and a phasic contractility in the proximal stomach have been related to dyspeptic symptoms. Thus, the behaviour of the stomach and the proximal region, in particular, continues to attract attention and demand for reliable and comfortable techniques. The aims of this study were to employ AC Biosusceptometry (ACB) and scintigraphy to evaluate IDF and gastric motor activity in humans. Fifteen healthy volunteers ingested 60 mL of yogurt containing 2 mCi of 99mTc and 4 g of ferrite. Each volunteer had gastric motility and IDF evaluated twice on separate days; on one occasion by ACB and another by scintigraphy. Digital signal processing was performed in MatLab (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA, USA). Results were expressed as mean +/- SD. Similar results of distal accumulation time (P < 0.001) were obtained for scintigraphy (6.93 +/- 3.25 min) and for ACB (7.04 +/- 3.65 min). Fast Fourier Transform revealed two dominant frequencies (P > 0.9). Besides the well-know frequency of 3 cpm, our results showed identical frequencies in proximal stomach recordings (P < 0.001) for scintigraphic (1.01 +/- 0.01 cpm) and ACB (0.98 +/- 0.06 cpm). In summary, our data showed that scintigraphy and ACB are promising techniques to evaluate several aspects of gastric motility. Moreover, ACB is non-invasive, radiation-free and deserves the same importance as conventional methods for this kind of analysis.